View allAll Photos Tagged Waterlogging,
Okay, so... I went easy. I set it on the side of the tub and let the water drip... can you tell it's kinda warped?
No way am I waterlogging it!
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the
regrowth.
– Grand Hotel Battery –
The site of the World War II Grand Hotel Battery built around 1940, the northern gun house is located at the end of Kensington Road, during the war it was disguised as cliff top shelter. The Gun House is being used by the Council as a park shelter/store (photos of the interior from 2013 – www.flickr.com/photos/139375961@N08/shares/en8z8dp1ui) but there are plans to turn it into an art gallery. The two coastal artillery searchlights were set into the cliff to either side, the observation and contol posts were still present at the Grand Hotel itself, now the CEFAS Building. Recent extensions work unfortunately required the removal of both posts.
Given the importance of the East Coast in general, and Lowestoft in particular, the provision of coastal artillery in this part of Suffolk was considerable. On the outbreak of war in 1939 Britain’s fixed defences were situated at the major ports (such as Felixstowe), but this situation changed out of all recognition in May 1940 when the Emergency Coastal Defence Battery (ECDB) programme greatly expanded coastal artillery. This initiative saw guns that had been taken off ships scrapped after the First World War and subsequently put into storage hurriedly brought back into service. The normal arrangement was for the guns to be placed in pairs at perceived vulnerable points along the coastline. Initially, the battery positions were often rudimentary, but in time ECDB's became miniature strong points in their own right; they were integrated into the broader anti-invasion defences and often had elaborate arrangements for their own defence.
By the end of 1941 there were some seven batteries in total in the area: three at Lowestoft (or Kent) Battery, the South Pier Battery and the Grand Hotel Battery and one each at Covehithe, Kessingland, Pakefield and Southwold. As early as March 1940 Lowestoft had been earmarked as the site for a coastal battery, but at that date the first defences had already been put in place. These comprised an antiquated pair of First World War field guns placed within sandbagged emplacements on Lowestoft Esplanade and the North Pier Extension. At the commencement of the ECDB programme in May work started on batteries at Lowestoft, Pakefield and Southwold, with Covehithe following in early June. In 1941 an additional battery was constructed at Kessingland, the site of the battery at Covehithe was moved to a better location at Easton Woods and that at Southwold was shifted northwards from its initial location on the Denes to Gun Hill.
The arrangements for coastal artillery around Lowestoft were elaborate, with each of the port’s three batteries having slightly different roles. The South Pier Battery, with two quick-firing 12-pounder guns, offered close protection for the harbour, while from 1941 the Grand Hotel Battery, with 6-inch guns, covered the main harbour entrance and the South Roads, while the Lowestoft (Kent) Battery, also with 6-inch guns, had an additional role in what was known as the ‘Examination Service’, which controlled entry to the port. This battery could immediately fire on unidentified vessels attempting to gain unauthorised entry. The southern approaches to the harbour area were protected not only by coastal guns placed in the town itself but also by the battery at Pakefield.
One purpose of the batteries was to engage enemy shipping that came within range of the coastline, which was normally 6,000 yards or less. While it was possible that major warships might present themselves as targets during a major confrontation, more likely objectives would be the shelling of smaller vessels, such as E-boats or landing craft being used during a
major raid or an invasion attempt. Defending the beaches themselves was a secondary role. That at Easton Bavents, for example, was permitted to fire on the beaches around Benacre Broad, while that at Kessingland could fire on land targets at Lowestoft Swing Bridge, the harbour area, the Claremont Pier and the railway junction. The design of each coastal battery was similar and the sites were made up of common elements, but the exact arrangement varied on the ground. Typically, the guns themselves were housed in concrete gunhouses adjacent to which were magazines from which the ammunition was brought up. Usually in close proximity was the generator building. Searchlights, used to illuminate targets, were usually placed on either side of the gunhouses. At Kessingland the searchlights were on the beach on either side of the gun positions, something that necessitated the removal of mines. Ancillary structures included crew shelters, kitchens, billets and gun stores.
In the initial stages of the ECDB programme the batteries were manned by Navy personnel as a temporary measure, while army gunners from the Royal Artillery were trained in how to use the unfamiliar equipment. Thus, at Pakefield, the battery’s two 6-inch guns were initially established by the Navy before a heavy regiment of the Royal Artillery was ready to take over in July. The Lowestoft (Kent) Battery began as 6-inch guns on concrete foundations in a gunhouse built of sandbags and was manned by Royal Marines. It subsequently developed first into two gunhouses built of steel poles and corrugated iron and then into brick gunhouses with concrete roofs. The full battery position was finally finished in December 1940.
While the Germans would be aware from their reconnaissance that ports had fixed defences, the existence of Emergency Batteries would not necessarily be known and, to further this deception, camouflage occupied an important place during the construction and operation of the batteries. The speed with which the batteries were established during 1940 meant that concealment was impossible at first, however; at Pakefield the ECDB was so obvious that one officer observed that ‘the whole layout was more conspicuous than any of the dummy batteries’). By 1941, however, camouflage had developed into something of an art form.
Photographs of the Southwold Battery on Gun Hill show the sophistication of the scheme. At Lowestoft Grand Hotel Battery the gunhouses were camouflaged by scaffolding which supported nets onto which were fixed both barbed wire and fake plants, with the passageway
between the two guns given similar treatment. Camouflage also extended to deliberate deception.
Dummy positions with fake guns were built to confuse Luftwaffe observers. After the Southwold Battery had completed its move to Gun Hill the buildings on the former site were used by training troops in a deliberate attempt to convince German reconnaissance that it was still active. Where their locations were known, the ECDB's were regular targets for the Luftwaffe. An aerial photograph of Southwold battery in 1941 shows a bomb crater close to the battery position and Pakefield ECDB was bombed twice in 1940, resulting in the death of a subaltern. Together with the threat of attack, the placing of such large fortifications on the cliffs or close to the beaches posed further risk. The Southwold Battery was moved from its initial location on the low-lying area of the Denes, to the south of the town, up to the high point of Gun Hill in part because of the risk of inundation by the sea. At Covehithe the risk of the battery falling off the cliff was the main reason for its move to Eastern Woods.
At Kessingland one of the searchlights collapsed at the end of December 1942 during the high tide, while, similarly, at Lowestoft Battery the high tides and strong winds at the end of December put one of the searchlights out of action. The same high tide in December 1942 was responsible for the fact that one of the searchlights for Pakefield Battery was out of action the following January; this light was subsequently moved from the beach to the adjacent cliff top. Shortly afterwards, in February 1943, one of the searchlights at Lowestoft South Battery was temporarily rendered unusable as heavy seas had resulted in waterlogging.
Information sourced from – A GUIDE TO SECOND WORLD WAR ARCHAEOLOGY IN SUFFOLK.
Introduced warm-season perennial tufted C4 grass with spreading crowns; stems are fine, hairless and to 1.5 m tall. Leaves are grey-green, 6-20 mm wide and nearly hairless. Flowerheads are subdigitate with 4-14 racemes usually in 3 whorls, about 7-17 cm long and brownish-purple when immature and brownish grey when mature. Spikelets are paired, 2-flowered, shortly-hairy and 2-4 mm long. Flowers in summer. A native of Africa, it is a sown species in the north with one variety Premier. Grows on a range of soil types, but is best suited to light-medium textured low-fertility soils. Good drought and frost tolerance, but is sensitive to waterlogging. Recruits well on light-medium textured soils. Can produce some growth in winter and commences growth in late winter-early spring, much earlier than most other tropical grasses. Very palatable, has low oxalate levels (i.e. suitable for horses) and tolerates close grazing.
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the
regrowth.
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
Introduced warm-season perennial tufted to shortly rhizomatous C4 grass; stems are branching, ascending to erect and to 100 cm tall. Leaves are 2-13 mm wide, 3-30 cm long and green to blue-green. Flowerheads are cylindrical spike-like contracted panicles up to 15 cm long and usually purplish when young. Spikelets are surrounded by bristles that form a soft burr and which fall with the spikelets at maturity. Burrs are 12 mm long, with one bristle longer than the others and bristles are antrorsely barbed; inner bristles are hairy in the lower part and fused only at the base forming a short disc. Flowers from late spring to autumn. A native of the northern hemisphere, it is sometimes sown as a pasture and is commonly a weed of sandy areas; also occurs on sandy loams to clay loams. Most common on the Plains and western edges of the Slopes. Seeds are difficult to sow and but it is very persistent summer-growing species which is not suited to short-term pastures as it is difficult to remove. Prefers well-drained soils and does not tolerate prolonged flooding or waterlogging. Very drought tolerant and responds quickly to rain, but requires fertile soils for production and is frost sensitive. Moderately palatable, but causes big head in horses. May out compete native pastures and is a weed of roadsides.
Malton & Old Malton batting at the York Road ground of Bilton-in-Ainsty Cricket Club. Captured during the 50 minutes of play that was possible, on a typically wet Bank Holiday Monday, in a Yorkshire Premier League North, Championship West fixture.
Match statistics
Bilton-in-Ainsty versus Malton & Old Malton
Yorkshire Premier League North, Championship West (50 overs, reduced to 34, noon start [scheduled], 2pm [actual])
Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 28 (h/c). Bilton-in-Ainsty won the toss and elected to bowl. Malton & Old Malton 46-6 off 13 overs (Shaun Harland 24, Matt Ross 4-10), Bilton-in-Ainsty did not bat, match abandoned owing to waterlogging, 4pts each
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
SEA HIBISCUS ( Hibiscus Tiliaceus ) 黄槿, 黄木槿、桐花、海麻、海麻桐、木麻、公背树, 鹽水面頭果、古老仔、糕仔樹及粿葉樹等....
Sea Hibiscus is a Common tree growing on beaches, by rivers and in the swamps in Lutong & Miri. It's well adapted to grow in coastal land and tolerates salty waterlogging area. Flowers are bright yellow in the morning, after 3 pm in the afternoon flowers start to turn orange, later on deepen to red before they fall off.. Leaves are simple, heart shaped and hairly. Fruits are brown woody, splitting to 5 parts & liberate many small seeds.
Common names include Sea Hibiscus, Beach Hibiscus, Coastal Hibiscus, Mahoe, Cotton Tree, Majagua.....
黃槿多長於平地或濱海地區...
Photo....July 2011...Lutong seaside.
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
Not August 2012, but August 2011! A narrow band of very heavy rain caused flash floods from Dorset to the Wash with nearly 50mm falling in Emmer Green during the morning and early afternoon. Rather than risk waterlogging one of my 'proper' cameras I took this with my iPhone and waterlogged that instead. This was the last photo I was able to take with it.
iPhone 3G Hipstamatic
18th August 2011
OUT IN ALL WEATHERS : Volume 2 by Clive Ormonde
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the regrowth.
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
A Histi-Stagnic Gleyosol and landscape. These soils mainly distribute in the Sanjiang Plain. This group of soil is formed due to the presence of an impermeable layer, such as clay layer or seasonal frozen layer in the low part of the profile, which blocks water downward movement , and leading to waterlogging on ground surface or in the upper part of profile. As a result, long-term stagnant water leads to slow decomposition and more accumulation of organic matters in profile. They refer to a group of Gleyosols with a histic epipedon and a gleyic feature induced by stagnant water on the ground surface. The upper part of the profile is dominated by histic materials. (Photos and notes courtesy of China Soils Museum, Guangdong Institute of World Soil Resources; with revision.)
In Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Gleyosols soils that exhibit redoximorphic conditions under a permanent of fluctuating water table. In Soil Taxonomy these soils are mostly Inceptisols, Gelisols, or Entisols.
For additional information about this soil and the Soils Museum, visit:
www.giwsr.com/en/article/index/209
For additional information about Soil Taxonomy, visit:
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers
in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the
regrowth.
A Histi-Stagnic Gleyosol and landscape. These soils mainly distribute in the Sanjiang Plain. This group of soil is formed due to the presence of an impermeable layer, such as clay layer or seasonal frozen layer in the low part of the profile, which blocks water downward movement , and leading to waterlogging on ground surface or in the upper part of profile. As a result, long-term stagnant water leads to slow decomposition and more accumulation of organic matters in profile. They refer to a group of Gleyosols with a histic epipedon and a gleyic feature induced by stagnant water on the ground surface. The upper part of the profile is dominated by histic materials. (Photos and notes courtesy of China Soils Museum, Guangdong Institute of World Soil Resources; with revision.)
In Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Gleyosols soils that exhibit redoximorphic conditions under a permanent of fluctuating water table. In Soil Taxonomy these soils are mostly Inceptisols, Gelisols, or Entisols.
For additional information about this soil and the Soils Museum, visit:
www.giwsr.com/en/article/index/209
For additional information about Soil Taxonomy, visit:
– Grand Hotel Battery –
The site of the World War II Grand Hotel Battery built around 1940, the northern gun house is located at the end of Kensington Road, during the war it was disguised as cliff top shelter. The Gun House is being used by the Council as a park shelter/store, but there are plans to turn it into an art gallery. The two coastal artillery searchlights were set into the cliff to either side, the observation and contol posts were still present at the Grand Hotel itself, now the CEFAS Building. Recent extensions work unfortunately required the removal of both posts.
Given the importance of the East Coast in general, and Lowestoft in particular, the provision of coastal artillery in this part of Suffolk was considerable. On the outbreak of war in 1939 Britain’s fixed defences were situated at the major ports (such as Felixstowe), but this situation changed out of all recognition in May 1940 when the Emergency Coastal Defence Battery (ECDB) programme greatly expanded coastal artillery. This initiative saw guns that had been taken off ships scrapped after the First World War and subsequently put into storage hurriedly brought back into service. The normal arrangement was for the guns to be placed in pairs at perceived vulnerable points along the coastline. Initially, the battery positions were often rudimentary, but in time ECDB's became miniature strong points in their own right; they were integrated into the broader anti-invasion defences and often had elaborate arrangements for their own defence.
By the end of 1941 there were some seven batteries in total in the area: three at Lowestoft (or Kent) Battery, the South Pier Battery and the Grand Hotel Battery and one each at Covehithe, Kessingland, Pakefield and Southwold. As early as March 1940 Lowestoft had been earmarked as the site for a coastal battery, but at that date the first defences had already been put in place. These comprised an antiquated pair of First World War field guns placed within sandbagged emplacements on Lowestoft Esplanade and the North Pier Extension. At the commencement of the ECDB programme in May work started on batteries at Lowestoft, Pakefield and Southwold, with Covehithe following in early June. In 1941 an additional battery was constructed at Kessingland, the site of the battery at Covehithe was moved to a better location at Easton Woods and that at Southwold was shifted northwards from its initial location on the Denes to Gun Hill.
The arrangements for coastal artillery around Lowestoft were elaborate, with each of the port’s three batteries having slightly different roles. The South Pier Battery, with two quick-firing 12-pounder guns, offered close protection for the harbour, while from 1941 the Grand Hotel Battery, with 6-inch guns, covered the main harbour entrance and the South Roads, while the Lowestoft (Kent) Battery, also with 6-inch guns, had an additional role in what was known as the ‘Examination Service’, which controlled entry to the port. This battery could immediately fire on unidentified vessels attempting to gain unauthorised entry. The southern approaches to the harbour area were protected not only by coastal guns placed in the town itself but also by the battery at Pakefield.
One purpose of the batteries was to engage enemy shipping that came within range of the coastline, which was normally 6,000 yards or less. While it was possible that major warships might present themselves as targets during a major confrontation, more likely objectives would be the shelling of smaller vessels, such as E-boats or landing craft being used during a
major raid or an invasion attempt. Defending the beaches themselves was a secondary role. That at Easton Bavents, for example, was permitted to fire on the beaches around Benacre Broad, while that at Kessingland could fire on land targets at Lowestoft Swing Bridge, the harbour area, the Claremont Pier and the railway junction. The design of each coastal battery was similar and the sites were made up of common elements, but the exact arrangement varied on the ground. Typically, the guns themselves were housed in concrete gunhouses adjacent to which were magazines from which the ammunition was brought up. Usually in close proximity was the generator building. Searchlights, used to illuminate targets, were usually placed on either side of the gunhouses. At Kessingland the searchlights were on the beach on either side of the gun positions, something that necessitated the removal of mines. Ancillary structures included crew shelters, kitchens, billets and gun stores.
In the initial stages of the ECDB programme the batteries were manned by Navy personnel as a temporary measure, while army gunners from the Royal Artillery were trained in how to use the unfamiliar equipment. Thus, at Pakefield, the battery’s two 6-inch guns were initially established by the Navy before a heavy regiment of the Royal Artillery was ready to take over in July. The Lowestoft (Kent) Battery began as 6-inch guns on concrete foundations in a gunhouse built of sandbags and was manned by Royal Marines. It subsequently developed first into two gunhouses built of steel poles and corrugated iron and then into brick gunhouses with concrete roofs. The full battery position was finally finished in December 1940.
While the Germans would be aware from their reconnaissance that ports had fixed defences, the existence of Emergency Batteries would not necessarily be known and, to further this deception, camouflage occupied an important place during the construction and operation of the batteries. The speed with which the batteries were established during 1940 meant that concealment was impossible at first, however; at Pakefield the ECDB was so obvious that one officer observed that ‘the whole layout was more conspicuous than any of the dummy batteries’). By 1941, however, camouflage had developed into something of an art form.
Photographs of the Southwold Battery on Gun Hill show the sophistication of the scheme. At Lowestoft Grand Hotel Battery the gunhouses were camouflaged by scaffolding which supported nets onto which were fixed both barbed wire and fake plants, with the passageway between the two guns given similar treatment. Camouflage also extended to deliberate deception.
Dummy positions with fake guns were built to confuse Luftwaffe observers. After the Southwold Battery had completed its move to Gun Hill the buildings on the former site were used by training troops in a deliberate attempt to convince German reconnaissance that it was still active. Where their locations were known, the ECDB's were regular targets for the Luftwaffe. An aerial photograph of Southwold battery in 1941 shows a bomb crater close to the battery position and Pakefield ECDB was bombed twice in 1940, resulting in the death of a subaltern. Together with the threat of attack, the placing of such large fortifications on the cliffs or close to the beaches posed further risk. The Southwold Battery was moved from its initial location on the low-lying area of the Denes, to the south of the town, up to the high point of Gun Hill in part because of the risk of inundation by the sea. At Covehithe the risk of the battery falling off the cliff was the main reason for its move to Eastern Woods.
At Kessingland one of the searchlights collapsed at the end of December 1942 during the high tide, while, similarly, at Lowestoft Battery the high tides and strong winds at the end of December put one of the searchlights out of action. The same high tide in December 1942 was responsible for the fact that one of the searchlights for Pakefield Battery was out of action the following January; this light was subsequently moved from the beach to the adjacent cliff top. Shortly afterwards, in February 1943, one of the searchlights at Lowestoft South Battery was temporarily rendered unusable as heavy seas had resulted in waterlogging.
Information sourced from – A GUIDE TO SECOND WORLD WAR ARCHAEOLOGY IN SUFFOLK.
Native, warm season, annual, erect, shrubby legume, which grows 1-3m tall. Leaves are pinnate and 5-20cm long, with 12-30 pairs of 7-18mm long leaflets. Flowerheads are 1-6 flowered racemes in the leaf axils. Flowers are about 1cm long and yellow with purple streaks on the back. Flowering is from late spring to autumn. Pods are long, narrow and cylindrical (12-20cm long x 2-3mm wide). Seeds are long-lived and germinate in successive flushes from spring to autumn. Widespread in periodically flooded sites; most common on heavy clays of floodplains, swamps and watercourses. It is a major weed of cotton due to its prolific production of long-lived seed and abilities to withstand disturbance and waterlogging; also a weed of sorghum crops. Can form dense thickets, which may provide harbour for native and feral animals. Productive. Leaves provide a high quality feed, but the palatability and quality of the whole plant quickly declines as it rapidly becomes stemmy and hard. Very frost sensitive. Anti-nutritional factors may limit animal production (especially horses). However, some feeding trials have shown no adverse effect. Seeds are poisonous to pigs.
– South Pier Battery –
The site of World War II South Pier Coastal Battery, built by 1941 it operated as an Anti-Motor Torpedo Boat Battery and was armed with two 12-pounder quick-firing guns. It is referenced as being manned by 215 Battery of 544 Coast Regiment until 1942, then by 215 Battery of 544 Coast Regiment until February 1945. The site had undergone many dockside developments, this concrete weapons mount is possibly one of the pair for mounting a 12-pounder Quick Firing Gun.
Given the importance of the East Coast in general, and Lowestoft in particular, the provision of coastal artillery in this part of Suffolk was considerable. On the outbreak of war in 1939 Britain’s fixed defences were situated at the major ports (such as Felixstowe), but this situation changed out of all recognition in May 1940 when the Emergency Coastal Defence Battery (ECDB) programme greatly expanded coastal artillery. This initiative saw guns that had been taken off ships scrapped after the First World War and subsequently put into storage hurriedly brought back into service. The normal arrangement was for the guns to be placed in pairs at perceived vulnerable points along the coastline. Initially, the battery positions were often rudimentary, but in time ECDB's became miniature strong points in their own right; they were integrated into the broader anti-invasion defences and often had elaborate arrangements for their own defence.
By the end of 1941 there were some seven batteries in total in the area: three at Lowestoft (or Kent) Battery, the South Pier Battery and the Grand Hotel Battery and one each at Covehithe, Kessingland, Pakefield and Southwold. As early as March 1940 Lowestoft had been earmarked as the site for a coastal battery, but at that date the first defences had already been put in place. These comprised an antiquated pair of First World War field guns placed within sandbagged emplacements on Lowestoft Esplanade and the North Pier Extension. At the commencement of the ECDB programme in May work started on batteries at Lowestoft, Pakefield and Southwold, with Covehithe following in early June. In 1941 an additional battery was constructed at Kessingland, the site of the battery at Covehithe was moved to a better location at Easton Woods and that at Southwold was shifted northwards from its initial location on the Denes to Gun Hill.
The arrangements for coastal artillery around Lowestoft were elaborate, with each of the port’s three batteries having slightly different roles. The South Pier Battery, with two quick-firing 12-pounder guns, offered close protection for the harbour, while from 1941 the Grand Hotel Battery, with 6-inch guns, covered the main harbour entrance and the South Roads, while the Lowestoft (Kent) Battery, also with 6-inch guns, had an additional role in what was known as the ‘Examination Service’, which controlled entry to the port. This battery could immediately fire on unidentified vessels attempting to gain unauthorised entry. The southern approaches to the harbour area were protected not only by coastal guns placed in the town itself but also by the battery at Pakefield.
One purpose of the batteries was to engage enemy shipping that came within range of the coastline, which was normally 6,000 yards or less. While it was possible that major warships might present themselves as targets during a major confrontation, more likely objectives would be the shelling of smaller vessels, such as E-boats or landing craft being used during a
major raid or an invasion attempt. Defending the beaches themselves was a secondary role. That at Easton Bavents, for example, was permitted to fire on the beaches around Benacre Broad, while that at Kessingland could fire on land targets at Lowestoft Swing Bridge, the harbour area, the Claremont Pier and the railway junction. The design of each coastal battery was similar and the sites were made up of common elements, but the exact arrangement varied on the ground. Typically, the guns themselves were housed in concrete gunhouses adjacent to which were magazines from which the ammunition was brought up. Usually in close proximity was the generator building. Searchlights, used to illuminate targets, were usually placed on either side of the gunhouses. At Kessingland the searchlights were on the beach on either side of the gun positions, something that necessitated the removal of mines. Ancillary structures included crew shelters, kitchens, billets and gun stores.
In the initial stages of the ECDB programme the batteries were manned by Navy personnel as a temporary measure, while army gunners from the Royal Artillery were trained in how to use the unfamiliar equipment. Thus, at Pakefield, the battery’s two 6-inch guns were initially established by the Navy before a heavy regiment of the Royal Artillery was ready to take over in July. The Lowestoft (Kent) Battery began as 6-inch guns on concrete foundations in a gunhouse built of sandbags and was manned by Royal Marines. It subsequently developed first into two gunhouses built of steel poles and corrugated iron and then into brick gunhouses with concrete roofs. The full battery position was finally finished in December 1940.
While the Germans would be aware from their reconnaissance that ports had fixed defences, the existence of Emergency Batteries would not necessarily be known and, to further this deception, camouflage occupied an important place during the construction and operation of the batteries. The speed with which the batteries were established during 1940 meant that concealment was impossible at first, however; at Pakefield the ECDB was so obvious that one officer observed that ‘the whole layout was more conspicuous than any of the dummy batteries’). By 1941, however, camouflage had developed into something of an art form.
Photographs of the Southwold Battery on Gun Hill show the sophistication of the scheme. At Lowestoft Grand Hotel Battery the gunhouses were camouflaged by scaffolding which supported nets onto which were fixed both barbed wire and fake plants, with the passageway
between the two guns given similar treatment. Camouflage also extended to deliberate deception.
Dummy positions with fake guns were built to confuse Luftwaffe observers. After the Southwold Battery had completed its move to Gun Hill the buildings on the former site were used by training troops in a deliberate attempt to convince German reconnaissance that it was still active. Where their locations were known, the ECDB's were regular targets for the Luftwaffe. An aerial photograph of Southwold battery in 1941 shows a bomb crater close to the battery position and Pakefield ECDB was bombed twice in 1940, resulting in the death of a subaltern. Together with the threat of attack, the placing of such large fortifications on the cliffs or close to the beaches posed further risk. The Southwold Battery was moved from its initial location on the low-lying area of the Denes, to the south of the town, up to the high point of Gun Hill in part because of the risk of inundation by the sea. At Covehithe the risk of the battery falling off the cliff was the main reason for its move to Eastern Woods.
At Kessingland one of the searchlights collapsed at the end of December 1942 during the high tide, while, similarly, at Lowestoft Battery the high tides and strong winds at the end of December put one of the searchlights out of action. The same high tide in December 1942 was responsible for the fact that one of the searchlights for Pakefield Battery was out of action the following January; this light was subsequently moved from the beach to the adjacent cliff top. Shortly afterwards, in February 1943, one of the searchlights at Lowestoft South Battery was temporarily rendered unusable as heavy seas had resulted in waterlogging.
Information sourced from – A GUIDE TO SECOND WORLD WAR ARCHAEOLOGY IN SUFFOLK.
Air Ambulance Helicopter
Barton Aerodrome is an airport in Barton-upon-Irwell, Eccles, Greater Manchester, England, 5 nautical miles west of Manchester. Formerly known as City Airport and City Airport Manchester, It is known by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as Manchester/Barton and rebranded as Manchester Barton Aerodrome on 3rd April 2023.
The United Kingdom's first purpose-built municipal airport, it has four grass runways. The airfield operates Tuesday - Sunday, from 9 am BST until 6 p.m. or sunset (whichever earlier) for fixed-wing aircraft. Commercial, private, military, police and air ambulance helicopters can operate in the hours of darkness by arrangement.
The airport serves as an important reliever airport for Manchester Airport. It is also used as a refuelling stop for light aircraft and helicopters. It lies on the edge of Chat Moss and the aircraft movements area suffers from occasional periods of waterlogging, restricting fixed wing operations. Works to improve drainage on the airfield have seen some success in reducing the number of closures. It has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P886) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee, City Airport Limited. The aerodrome is not licensed for night use.
The smart clubhouse/pavilion, opened in 2022, at the York Road ground of Bilton-in-Ainsty Cricket Club. Captured 17 minutes before the abandonment, owing to waterlogging, of a Championship West fixture with Yorkshire Premier League North rivals Malton & Old Malton. On a typically wet Bank Holiday Monday, just 50 minutes' play was possible.
Match statistics
Bilton-in-Ainsty versus Malton & Old Malton
Yorkshire Premier League North, Championship West (50 overs, reduced to 34, noon start [scheduled], 2pm [actual])
Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 28 (h/c). Bilton-in-Ainsty won the toss and elected to bowl. Malton & Old Malton 46-6 off 13 overs (Shaun Harland 24, Matt Ross 4-10), Bilton-in-Ainsty did not bat, match abandoned owing to waterlogging, 4pts each
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the regrowth.
Introduced warm-season perennial slender grass-like sedge, mostly 5-20 cm tall and with long rhizomes. Leaves are bright green, shiny, hairless and grasslike. Flowerheads are green, oval and 3-7 mm across; with numerous (up to 100), densely-packed spikelets. Flowering is from spring to early autumn. A native of tropical regions, it is a weed of lawns, pastures and disturbed areas. An indicator of wet, poorly drained situations. Produces little bulk and of little importance for grazing animals. Can become abundant in wet years, but becomes less common in dry years. Generally control is not required. If invasive, it can be controlled by improving drainage and sowing pasture species that are tolerant of waterlogging.
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
Introduced cool-season annual
hairy herbaceous C3 legume, with short taproots and prostrate to sprawling stems. Leaves have 3 heart-shaped leaflets on stalks of equal length; they also have variable white and brown markings which depend on plant variety and time of year. Flowerheads consist of clusters of 3-6 white (rarely pinkish), pea-like flowers. Depending on variety, seedheads are either pushed into cracks or buried in the ground. Flowers from late winter to early summer. A native of Europe and the Mediterranean region, it is widely sown in pastures and naturally occurs in disturbed areas of lawns, roadsides and grasslands. Best suited legume for large areas of southern Australia and sown over millions of hectares. Suited to permanent and semi-permanent pastures and cropping rotations. There are 3 distinct subspecies: 1) subterranean – suited to well-drained, slightly acid soils; 2) yanninicum - tolerates intermittent waterlogging and poorly drained conditions and; 3) brachycalycinum - suited to neutral to alkaline soils. Fixes nitrogen and produces high quality feed from autumn to spring but can cause bloat. Requires medium to high soil fertility, particularly phosphorus, sulfur and molybdenum. Tolerant of heavy grazing. Grasses needs to be well grazed in late summer and early autumn to remove residues and aid the germination and growth of clover seedlings.
Barton Aerodrome is an airport in Barton-upon-Irwell, Eccles, Greater Manchester, England, 5 nautical miles west of Manchester. Formerly known as City Airport and City Airport Manchester, It is known by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as Manchester/Barton and rebranded as Manchester Barton Aerodrome on 3rd April 2023.
The United Kingdom's first purpose-built municipal airport, it has four grass runways. The airfield operates Tuesday - Sunday, from 9 am BST until 6 p.m. or sunset (whichever earlier) for fixed-wing aircraft. Commercial, private, military, police and air ambulance helicopters can operate in the hours of darkness by arrangement.
The airport serves as an important reliever airport for Manchester Airport. It is also used as a refuelling stop for light aircraft and helicopters. It lies on the edge of Chat Moss and the aircraft movements area suffers from occasional periods of waterlogging, restricting fixed wing operations. Works to improve drainage on the airfield have seen some success in reducing the number of closures. It has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P886) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee, City Airport Limited. The aerodrome is not licensed for night use.
Introduced warm-season perennial slender grass-like sedge, mostly 5-20 cm tall and with long rhizomes. Leaves are bright green, shiny, hairless and grasslike. Flowerheads are green, oval and 3-7 mm across; with numerous (up to 100), densely-packed spikelets. Flowering is from spring to early autumn. A native of tropical regions, it is a weed of lawns, pastures and disturbed areas. An indicator of wet, poorly drained situations. Produces little bulk and of little importance for grazing animals. Can become abundant in wet years, but becomes less common in dry years. Generally control is not required. If invasive, it can be controlled by improving drainage and sowing pasture species that are tolerant of waterlogging.
While the Germans would be aware from their reconnaissance that ports had fixed defences, the existence of Emergency Batteries would not necessarily be known and, to further this deception, camouflage occupied an important place during the construction and operation of the batteries. The speed with which the batteries were established during 1940 meant that concealment was impossible at first, however; at Pakefield the ECDB was so obvious that one officer observed that ‘the whole layout was more conspicuous than any of the dummy batteries’). By 1941, however, camouflage had developed into something of an art form.
Photographs of the Southwold Battery on Gun Hill show the sophistication of the scheme. At Lowestoft Grand Hotel Battery the gunhouses were camouflaged by scaffolding which supported nets onto which were fixed both barbed wire and fake plants, with the passageway between the two guns given similar treatment. Camouflage also extended to deliberate deception.
Dummy positions with fake guns were built to confuse Luftwaffe observers. After the Southwold Battery had completed its move to Gun Hill the buildings on the former site were used by training troops in a deliberate attempt to convince German reconnaissance that it was still active. Where their locations were known, the ECDB's were regular targets for the Luftwaffe. An aerial photograph of Southwold battery in 1941 shows a bomb crater close to the battery position and Pakefield ECDB was bombed twice in 1940, resulting in the death of a subaltern. Together with the threat of attack, the placing of such large fortifications on the cliffs or close to the beaches posed further risk. The Southwold Battery was moved from its initial location on the low-lying area of the Denes, to the south of the town, up to the high point of Gun Hill in part because of the risk of inundation by the sea. At Covehithe the risk of the battery falling off the cliff was the main reason for its move to Eastern Woods.
At Kessingland one of the searchlights collapsed at the end of December 1942 during the high tide, while, similarly, at Lowestoft Battery the high tides and strong winds at the end of December put one of the searchlights out of action. The same high tide in December 1942 was responsible for the fact that one of the searchlights for Pakefield Battery was out of action the following January; this light was subsequently moved from the beach to the adjacent cliff top. Shortly afterwards, in February 1943, one of the searchlights at Lowestoft South Battery was temporarily rendered unusable as heavy seas had resulted in waterlogging.
Information sourced from – A GUIDE TO SECOND WORLD WAR ARCHAEOLOGY IN SUFFOLK.
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the regrowth.
Only two races were run today before the meeting was abandoned due to waterlogging.
This shows Picot de Say on his way to winning the 2.10. I backed the one on the far left.
A typical scene in How Tun Woods this morning.After a night of torrential rain which was still really heavy.This pool of lying water was over a foot deep in places. It was hard going in a fierce westerly gale which stopped you in your tracks when the strongest gusts came.
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the regrowth.
Native, yearlong-green, perennial, scrambling-climbing
legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each 3-10 cm long, sparsely hairy and ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-12 yellow to greenish-yellow, 12-25 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are drooping, cylindrical, hairy and 4-8 cm long. Flowering is over most of the year. Found north from the Macleay Valley in damp-wet areas where the annual rainfall exceeds 1200 mm. Tolerant of acidity, waterlogging, short-term flooding and shade, but not drought or frost. Native biodiversity. Not commonly sown as no commercial seed, even though it is one of the best legumes for wet conditions and a useful pioneer species. Easily established, very palatable, non-bloating and relatively high yielding (especially compared to other legumes in moderate to dense shade). It is preferentially grazed and can only withstand short periods of heavy grazing (appropriate rest periods are essential). Stands will persist for 3 or more years and production is maximised if soil phosphorus is maintained at moderate (or better) levels and lenient grazing is used. Remove stock when there is still plenty of vine and some leaf to maximise persistence and production. The more leaf left on the plant, the faster the regrowth.
JIRCAS Photo Archive
www.jircas.go.jp/ja/database/photoarchive
Author: Katayama Katsuyuki
片山勝之 (TARC)
Date: 1990.04.04
Description: 低地に水が停滞し、塩濃度が高いため草は枯れている。やや小高い所に小麦が植えられている。夏は稲が作付される。
Project: 熱帯耕地の侵食、劣化の具体的要因の把握及び関連研究活動の現状把握
Country: パキスタン (Pakistan)
Place: Kamoke (カモケ)
Keywords: 熱帯耕地の侵食、劣化の具体的要因の把握及び関連研究活動の現状把握,パキスタン,カモケ,稲作,畑作,土壌肥料,Water Logging,wheat,salinity
Slide no. 01-107-12
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Native warm-season perennial
erect hairless C4 grass; to 100 cm tall and with well-developed stolons. Stems are branched and flattened near their base. Flowerheads are digitate with 3-5 branches; each 4-10 cm long, arranged in one plane and often drooping. Spikelets are 2-flowered (sometimes 3) and pale green to purplish-black, with a blunt apex; the upper awn is shorter than the spikelet.
Flowers from late spring to autumn. Mostly found in woodlands, native pastures and disturbed areas (e.g. roadsides); usually on better (often heavier) soils that are not subject to waterlogging. Native biodiversity. Has high drought tolerance, but low to moderate frost tolerance. Has moderate forage value and is readily grazed by cattle during summer. Acts as a useful soil stabiliser due to its stoloniferous habit. Can withstand regular defoliation, but rests from grazing aid its persistence and spread.
in a raj
where an indian
is not an indian per se
independence freedom
manacled to slavery
even though born free
political apathy
who will bell the cat
to be or not to be
jai hind
battered on home soil
now where to flee
partisanship
parochialism
tears on the soul
of bhartiya humanity
somnolent soul
guilty conscience
political survival
om mani padme hun
the buddha weeps under
the bodhi tree
in bihar in distant
lumbini
rare picture of a bhaiyya newspaperman in mumbai...now gone extinct...
Native warm-season perennial, tufted C4 grass; stems grow to 80 cm tall. Leaves are 10-20 cm long and have a pale midrib and sparse tubercle-based hairs (i.e. with small wart-like outgrowths at their base) along their margins. Flowerheads are panicles; 10-30 cm long, pale green and often drooping (giving it a rice-like appearance). Spikelets are 2-flowered, 3-4.5 mm long and relatively densely arranged; lower glume is about 30% of the spikelet’s length; lower lemma is sterile; upper lemma is smooth, shiny and about half the spikelet’s length. Flowers in summer and autumn. Found on clay loam and clay soils subject to flooding (e.g. alluvial soils, riverbanks and roadside drains) in open woodlands and grasslands; most common on the North West Slopes and northern half of the adjacent Plains. Native biodiversity. Tolerates salinity and waterlogging. Usually not an abundant species, but can become so after good summer rains. More common in ungrazed areas or lightly to intermittently grazed areas; declines under high grazing pressure. Not highly productive, but its leaves are soft and readily eaten by livestock.
Introduced yearlong-green perennial, erect, tussock-forming grass to 1.2 m tall.
Leaves are mostly 5-10 mm wide, strongly ribbed above and glossy below; auricles are reduced to short hairs along the margins of the blade base. Flowerheads are loose to spreading panicles to 43 cm long. Spikelets are 10-17 mm long, 4-8-flowered. Lemmas are awnless or have a short awn to 2.5 mm long. Flowers in spring to late summer. A native of Europe, it is widely sown in lawns and pastures in the south of the region. Also found along roadsides and drains. There are several varieties including ones with no endophytes (symbiotic fungi), wild endophytes and ones with novel endophytes selected to reduce stock impact. Endophytes benefit the plant, but can cause problems in stock, including lameness. Waterlogging tolerant, productive from spring to autumn and nutritious (particularly in spring and early summer). Grows slowly in winter in the south. Outcompeted by warm-season grasses in the north.
Prone to overgrazing, avoid set stocking and provide rests from grazing particularly with sheep. Grazing strategy will be slightly different depending on whether a summer active or summer dormant variety is grown.
Taking some practice shots w/ my new "weather resistant" camera and WR lens. I just got it late yesterday, so haven't played with the settings too much yet. Always loved my Pentax K1000 film camera. I decided to give this one a try for my "bad weather" camera ... when I don't want to risk waterlogging one of my Nikon dSLRs :)
Introduced warm-season perennial tufted to shortly rhizomatous C4 grass; stems are branching, ascending to erect and to 100 cm tall. Leaves are 2-13 mm wide, 3-30 cm long and green to blue-green. Flowerheads are cylindrical spike-like contracted panicles up to 15 cm long and usually purplish when young. Spikelets are surrounded by bristles that form a soft burr and which fall with the spikelets at maturity. Burrs are 12 mm long, with one bristle longer than the others and bristles are antrorsely barbed; inner bristles are hairy in the lower part and fused only at the base forming a short disc. Flowers from late spring to autumn. A native of the northern hemisphere, it is sometimes sown as a pasture and is commonly a weed of sandy areas; also occurs on sandy loams to clay loams. Most common on the Plains and western edges of the Slopes. Seeds are difficult to sow and but it is very persistent summer-growing species which is not suited to short-term pastures as it is difficult to remove. Prefers well-drained soils and does not tolerate prolonged flooding or waterlogging. Very drought tolerant and responds quickly to rain, but requires fertile soils for production and is frost sensitive. Moderately palatable, but causes big head in horses. May out compete native pastures and is a weed of roadsides.
Introduced warm-season perennial tufted to shortly rhizomatous C4 grass; stems are branching, ascending to erect and to 100 cm tall. Leaves are 2-13 mm wide, 3-30 cm long and green to blue-green. Flowerheads are cylindrical spike-like contracted panicles up to 15 cm long and usually purplish when young. Spikelets are surrounded by bristles that form a soft burr and which fall with the spikelets at maturity. Burrs are 12 mm long, with one bristle longer than the others and bristles are antrorsely barbed; inner bristles are hairy in the lower part and fused only at the base forming a short disc. Flowers from late spring to autumn. A native of the northern hemisphere, it is sometimes sown as a pasture and is commonly a weed of sandy areas; also occurs on sandy loams to clay loams. Most common on the Plains and western edges of the Slopes. Seeds are difficult to sow and but it is very persistent summer-growing species which is not suited to short-term pastures as it is difficult to remove. Prefers well-drained soils and does not tolerate prolonged flooding or waterlogging. Very drought tolerant and responds quickly to rain, but requires fertile soils for production and is frost sensitive. Moderately palatable, but causes big head in horses. May out compete native pastures and is a weed of roadsides.