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Die Alhambra ist eine Stadtburg (kasbah) auf dem Sabikah-Hügel in Granada. Sie gilt als das bedeutendste Beispiel des maurischen Stils der islamischen Kunst und ist eine der meistbesuchten Touristenattraktionen Europas
1238 verlegte der erste Nasridenherrscher, Mohammed I. seine Residenz nach Granada und begründete seine eigene Dynastie, die Nasriden, die bis 1492 über das Emirat von Granada herrschte. Mohammad veranlasste den Bau der Zitadelle auf dem Gelände der heutigen Alhambra. Die Befestigung der Alcazaba (Oberstadt) wurde im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert errichtet.
Der letzte maurische Herrscher Mohammad XII. (kapitulierte nach langer Belagerung im November 1491 und übergab die Festung am 2. Januar 1492 an die Katholischen Könige (spanisch Reyes Católicos). Damit fiel die letzte Bastion der Mauren in Spanien.
Die Alhambra ist Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO.
Garden façade of the Château de l’Islette in the village of Azay-le-Rideau, Loire Valley, France
Some background information:
The Château de l'Islette is a 16th century Renaissance castle that lies just 2 km (1.2 miles) west of the village of Azay-le-Rideau in the French department of Indre-et-Loire. It is also located about 30 km (19 miles) to the southwest of the city of Tours. The estate of the Château de l'Islette is crossed by the course of the Indre river, which acts as a natural border between the two communes of Azay-le-Rideau on the river’s right bank and Cheillé on its left bank.
The castle is often compared to its famous neighbour, the Château d'Azay-le-Rideau. But in my opinion, this comparison is a bit unfair. The Château d'Azay-le-Rideau is definitely more beautiful and also has a more significant history, but the Château de l'Islette has its own subtle charm, is less frequented and also well worth seeing. So, if you should ever visit the Château d'Azay-le-Rideau, don’t miss visiting the Château de l'Islette too.
From 1350 to 1650, the estate belonged to the de Maillé family, which ranked among the Touraine nobility. In 1531, one the family’s members, René de Maillé, commissioned the construction of the present castle. It is assumed that originally there was only a common water mill on the site, where each peasant could come and grind his wheat in return for a fee to the Lords de Maille.
In the next centuries, the Château de l'Islette passed into the hands of different noble families. The first one was the family Tiercelin d'Appelvoisin, followed by the family Barjot, and in 1706, through marriage by the marquesses of de Roncé. As these three families were closely linked, there was no change of owner in the proper sense.
When the French Revolution broke out in 1789, the owner of the Château de l'Islette was Charles Tiercelin d'Apelvoisin. As he was a member of the French king’s general staff, he was guillotined in 1793. During the First Empire the castle was sold and had several owners during the 19th century. One of them was Jean-Baptiste Dupuy, who carried out a number of renovations and modifications to both the interior and the exterior of the Château de l'Islette in the early 19th century.
Dupuy had the gables of the top floor windows removed and the pointed roofs of the two towers cut off. And he also had the moat that surrounded the castle filled in and covered with gravel. In addition, he placed his own coat of arms, invented by himself, prominently on the mantelpiece of the fireplace in the largest room on the first floor. It is said, that the major motivation of Depuy, who was described as a "strong personailty", was to leave his mark on this historic and prestigious place.
At the end of the 19th century, the Château de l'Islette became the love nest of two other strong personalities: the well-known sculptors Camille Claudel and Auguste Rodin. Both rented the castle in the summers of 1890, 1891 and 1892 to work and live out their tempestuous and intimate relationship. Rodin worked on his famous "Balzac and Camille", while Claudel sculpted the bronze "La Petite Châtelaine", which is on permanent display in the castle. Claudel was much younger than Rodin and their love affair was shaped by quarrels, mood swings and outbursts of emotion. As a result, she cut ties with Rodin in 1893.
Today, the Château de l'Islette is privately owned by the family Michaud. From May to September it is open to the public, while the family moves to the gardener’s cottage within sight during this time. The current owners have converted the castle’s interior into a real living space and it is very interesting to see, how they have teamed the amenities of modern life with historical furnishings and equipment. We haven’t seen anything comparable in any other castle yet.
Since 2000, the Château de l'Islette belongs to the UNESCO Word Heritage Site "The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes" with its many breathtaking châteaux. Altogether there are more than 400 of them in the Loire region.
Die Seiser Alm ist die größte Hochalm Europas. Sie liegt in den Südtiroler Dolomiten in Italien, rund 20 km nordöstlich von Bozen und oberhalb der bekannten Tourismus-Orte Seis am Schlern, Kastelruth und St. Ulrich in Gröden. Wikipedia
The old town of Saumur on the bank of the River Loire, with the Château de Saumur on the left and the church of Saint-Pierre-du-Marais de Saumur on the right, Loire Valley, France
Some background information:
Saumur is a historic town in the department of Maine-et-Loire in western France. The commune that is located between the Loire and Thouet rivers, has almost 27,000 residents. Saumur is situated between the cities of Angers and Tours, about 40 km to the southeast of Angers and about 70 km to the southwest of Tours. It is surrounded by vineyards, which produce some of France’s finest wines.
Early settlement of the region goes back many thousands of years. The Dolmen de Bagneux to the south of the town is 23 meters long and built from 15 large slabs of local sandstones, weighing over 500 tons. It is the largest dolmen in France.
Saumur was founded in the 10th century, following the construction of a castle in the 9th century. After Fulk Nerra, Count of Anjou, had ended the rule of the Counts of Blois in this area in 1026, the settlement evolved into an important trade centre of the whole region. As an integral part of Anjou, Saumur became French crown land under King Philip II of France in 1204. In the 16th century, King Henry III of France passed the town on to Henry of Navarre, who later became King Henry IV of France.
In the same century, Saumur evolved into the spiritual heartland of the Huguenots. In 1593, even a Protestant academy was founded, where the Calvinist doctrine of Amyraldism was taught. A number of renowned theologians disseminated this doctrine for almost one century, but in 1685, the academy was dissolved due to the Edict of Fontainebleau that was issued by the French King Louis XIV. After the academy had to close its gates, a large portion of the residents left the town, which hence lost its economic base.
However, Saumur recovered quickly from this economic setback and subsequently became an equestrian centre. In 1783, a military cavalry school was founded. Prior to the French Revolution it also became the capital of the Sénéchaussée de Saumur, a bailiwick, which existed until 1793. In that year, the town was the location of the Battle of Saumur during the War in the Vendée.
In 1940, during World War II and the Battle of France, the town was the site of another Battle of Saumur, where old quarter and south bank of the Loire were defended by the teenage cadets of the cavalry school. In 1944, it became the target of the first Tallboy and the fourth Azon bombing raids by Allied planes to stop the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich during its approach to the front. However, only the railway bridge was bombed, as the German tanks were expected to use the railway to cross the Loire. After the war, Saumur was awarded the medal "Croix de Guerre" with palm for its resistance and display of French patriotism in the Battle of France.
Today, Saumur is still home to the French military riding academy "École Nationale d'Équitation" as well as to the "Cadre Noir", a cavalry corps at this academy. The "Cadre Noir" is renowned for its annual horse shows. As already mentioned before, the town is also surrounded by wine industry. Hundreds of domaines utilise the tunnels under Saumur as cellars, while producing white, red, rosé and sparkling wines. The annual "Grandes Tablées du Saumur-Champigny" is an annual event held in early August with over 1 km of tables set up in the town where people can taste local foods and wine.
The Château de Saumur was originally constructed in the 10th century by Theobald I, Count of Blois, as a fortified stronghold against Norman attacks. It overlooks the confluence of the Loire and the Thouet rivers. In 1026 it came into the hands of Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, who bequeathed it to his Plantagenet heirs. Following its destruction in 1067, the castle was rebuilt by Henry II of England in the later 12th century.
In the early part of the 13th century, Philip II of France made Saumur part of his royal domain. In 1356, King John II of France released the castle to his second son Louis I, Count of Anjou. Louis I was striving to convert it into a residence that was absolutely comparable to the magnificant residences of his brothers King Karl V of France and John, Duke of Berry. The page for September in the "Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry" depicts the château as it looked in 1410, with much more architectural details like chimneys, ornamented gables and likewise ornamented dormers.
In the following decades, the castle changed hands several times until 1589 when the Protestant King Henry IV of France and Navarre gave the castle to Philippe Duplessis-Mornay, the noble governor of Saumur. In 1621 the castle was converted into an army barracks. Nearly two centuries later it was converted again, but this time into a state prison under Napoleon Bonaparte.
In the first part of the 20th century, the city of Saumur acquired the castle and began a restoration program to house the museum of the decorative arts. In line with the Saumur area's equestrian tradition and its famous "Cadre Noir", the castle also serves as a Museum of the Horse. The castle has a dungeon and watchtower, and furthermore houses the Musée de la Figurine-Jouet, a collection of very old toys and figurines of soldiers, Kings of France, and clowns.
The Château de Saumur has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1862. Since 2000, it also belongs to the UNESCO Word Heritage Site "The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes" with its many breathtaking châteaux. Altogether there are more than 400 of them in the Loire region.
Download from the Internet
Unfortunately on my visit in 2005 it was quite impossible to take any good photos with an analog camera within this dimly lit but nevertheless very stunning villa which once belonged to Poppea, the wife of Emperor Nero. A good photo docmentation is available on the Spanish Wikipedia entry of Villa Poppea.
Created by artist Heinz Breloh (1940-2001). The work is made from bronze and can be found right in front of the church St. Nikolai.
Das Schweriner Schloss ist das Wahrzeichen der Stadt Schwerin und war bis 1918 die Residenz der mecklenburgischen Herzöge und Großherzöge. Das auf der Schlossinsel im Schweriner See gelegene Bauwerk gilt als ein bedeutendes Beispiel des Historismus in Deutschland. Seit 1990 dient es als Sitz des Landtages von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Das heutige Gebäude entstand durch einen tiefgreifenden Um- und Neubau des seit etwa 1500 entstanden alten Schlosses in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Es entstand nach Plänen der Architekten Georg Adolf Demmler, Gottfried Semper, Friedrich August Stüler und Ernst Friedrich Zwirner. Für die von 1844 bis 1857 errichteten neuen Baukörper im Stil der Neorenaissance dienten unter anderem französische Renaissanceschlösser als Vorbild.
Schloss Schwerin ist UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe
Buchara wurde im 6. Jhdt v. chr. gegründet und profitierte durch seine Lage vom Handel an der Seidenstraße.
Buchara war die erste bedeutende Stadt in Zentralasien, wo sich der Islam durchsetzen konnte.
Buchara ist Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO.
Diese wunderbare Stadt diente im Jahr 1922 Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau als Kulisse für seinen Stummfilmklassiker "Nosferatu".
In 1922 this beautiful town on the Baltic Sea served as set for Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's classic silent movie "Nosferatu".
Shohizinda ist ein Grabkomplex, der rund um das vermutete Grab eines Weggefährten des Propheten ab dem 7. Jhdt entstanden ist. Da dies das einzige Grab eines Vertrauten des Propheten in Timurs Reich war, ließ er seine engsten Verwandten und Freunde dort begraben. Dank dieser Entwicklung wuchs Shohizinda im 14. Jhdt zu einer Mustersammlung timuridischer Bau- und Handwerkskunst in ihrer höchsten Blüte.
Samarkand wurde etwa 750 v. Chr. gegründet. Der mongolische Herrscher Timur machte Samarkand zur 1369 zur Hauptstadt seines Großreichs und baute die Stadt zu einer der schönsten und bedeutendsten Metropolen seiner Zeit aus.
Die Altstadt von Samarkand ist Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO.
Registan, (Platz des sandigen Ortes‘) in der usbekischen Stadt Samarkand ist einer der bedeutendsten historischen Orte Mittelasiens. An ihm befinden sich die Ulugbek-Medrese, die Tillakori-Medrese und die Scherdor-Medrese, die zwischen dem 15. und dem 17. Jahrhundert errichtet wurden und zusammen ein herausragendes architektonisches Ensemble bilden.
Samarkand wurde etwa 750 v. Chr. gegründet. Der mongolische Herrscher Timur machte Samarkand zur 1369 zur Hauptstadt seines Großreichs und baute die Stadt zu einer der schönsten und bedeutendsten Metropolen seiner Zeit aus.
Die Altstadt von Samarkand ist Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO.
Frontansicht der bzw. des Großen Sphinx von Gizeh, die aus dem Rest eines Kalksteinhügels gehauen wurde, vor der Chephren-Pyramide
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castillo_de_Wartburg
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartburg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartburg
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Eisenach, Thüringen
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es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenach
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenach
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenach
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Die Seiser Alm ist die größte Hochalm Europas. Sie liegt in den Südtiroler Dolomiten in Italien, rund 20 km nordöstlich von Bozen und oberhalb der bekannten Tourismus-Orte Seis am Schlern, Kastelruth und St. Ulrich in Gröden.
East façade of the Château de Chenonceau in the evening light, seen from the southern bank of the River Cher, Chenonceaux, Loire Valley, France
Some background information:
The Château de Chenonceau is a French château spanning the River Cher, near the small village of Chenonceaux in the French department of Indre-et-Loire. Hence, it is a water palace and as such one of the best-known châteaux of the Loire Valley. The Château de Chenonceau is situated about 40 km (25 miles) to the southeast of the city of Tours. It is also called "Château des Dames" (in English "Château of the ladies"), because it were mainly women, who decided its history and fate. By the way, it was already my second visit at the Château de Chenonceau, but up to now I haven’t uploaded the photos from my first visit in 2019 yet.
The estate of Chenonceau was first mentioned in a document in the 11th century. The current château was built between 1514 and 1522 on the foundations of an old mill and later extended to span the river. In the 13th century, the fief of Chenonceau belonged to the Marques family. The original château was torched in 1412 to punish the owner, Jean Marques, for an act of sedition. In the 1430s, he rebuilt a château and fortified mill on the site. However, Jean Marques' indebted heir Pierre Marques found it necessary to sell the estate.
Thomas Bohier, Chamberlain to King Charles VIII of France, purchased the castle from Pierre Marques in 1513 and demolished most of it (resulting in 2013 being considered the 500th anniversary of the castle), though its 15th-century keep was left standing. Between 1515 and 1521 Bohier built an entirely new residence. The work was overseen by his wife Katherine Briçonnet, who delighted in hosting French nobility, including King Francis I on two occasions.
In 1535 the château was seized from Bohier's son by King Francis I of France for unpaid debts to the Crown. After Francis' death in 1547, Henry II offered the château as a gift to his mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who became fervently attached to the château along the river. In 1555 she commissioned Philibert de l'Orme to build the arched bridge joining the château to its opposite bank. Diane then oversaw the planting of extensive flower and vegetable gardens along with a variety of fruit trees. Set along the banks of the river, but buttressed from flooding by stone terraces, the exquisite gardens were laid out in four triangles.
Diane de Poitiers was the unquestioned mistress of the castle, but ownership remained with the crown until 1555 when years of delicate legal manoeuvres finally yielded possession to her. After King Henry II died in 1559, his strong-willed widow and regent Catherine de' Medici forced Diane to exchange it for the Château Chaumont. Queen Catherine then made Chenonceau her own favourite residence, adding a new series of gardens.
As Regent of France, Catherine spent a fortune on the château and on spectacular nighttime parties. In 1560, the first-ever fireworks display seen in France took place during the celebrations marking the ascension to the throne of Catherine's son Francis II. The grand gallery, which extended along the existing bridge to cross the entire river, was dedicated in 1577. Catherine also added rooms between the chapel and the library on the east side of the corps de logis, as well as a service wing on the west side of the entry courtyard.
On Catherine's death in January 1589, the château went to her daughter-in-law, Louise of Lorraine, wife of King Henry III. Louise was at Chenonceau when she learned of her husband's assassination, in August 1589, and she fell into a state of depression. Louise spent the next eleven years, until her death in January 1601, wandering aimlessly along the château's corridors dressed in mourning clothes, amidst sombre black tapestries stitched with skulls and crossbones.
Henri IV obtained Chenonceau for his mistress Gabrielle d'Estrées by paying the debts of Catherine de' Medici, which had been inherited by Louise and were threatening to ruin her. In return, Louise left the château to her niece Françoise de Lorraine, at that time six years old and betrothed to the four-year-old César de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, the natural son of Gabrielle d'Estrées and Henri IV. The château belonged to the Duc de Vendôme and his descendants for more than a hundred years. The Bourbons had little interest in the château, except for hunting. In 1650, Louis XIV was the last king of the ancien régime to visit.
In 1720, the Château de Chenonceau was bought by the Duke of Bourbon. Little by little, he sold off all of the castle's contents and many of the fine statues ended up at Versailles. In 1733 the estate was sold for 130,000 livres (corresponding to 2.1 million $ today) to a wealthy squire named Claude Dupin. His wife, Louise Dupin, was the natural daughter of the financier Samuel Bernard and the actress Manon Dancourt. She was regarded as an intelligent, beautiful, and highly cultivated woman.
Louise Dupin's literary salon at Chenonceau attracted such leaders of the Enlightenment as the writers Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Fontenelle, the naturalist Buffon, the playwright Marivaux, the philosopher Condillac, as well as the Marquise de Tencin and the Marquise du Deffand. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was Dupin's secretary and tutored her son. Rousseau, who worked on Émile at Chenonceau, wrote in his Confessions: "We played music there and staged comedies. I wrote a play in verse entitled Sylvie's Path, after the name of a path in the park along the Cher."
The widowed Louise Dupin saved the château from destruction during the French Revolution, preserving it from being destroyed by the Revolutionary Guard because "it was essential to travel and commerce, being the only bridge across the river for many miles."
In 1864 Marguerite Pelouze, a rich heiress, acquired the château. Around 1875 she commissioned the architect Félix Roguet to restore it. He almost completely renewed the interior and removed several of Catherine de' Medici's additions, including the rooms between the library and the chapel and her alterations to the north facade, among which were figures of Hercules, Pallas, Apollo, and Cybele that were moved to the park. With the money Marguerite spent on these projects and elaborate parties, her finances were depleted, and the château was seized and sold.
José-Emilio Terry, a Cuban millionaire, acquired Chenonceau from Madame Pelouze in 1891. Terry sold it in 1896 to a family member, Francisco Terry. In 1913, the château was acquired by Henri Menier, a member of the Menier family, famous for their chocolates, who still own it to this day.
During World War I Gaston Menier set up the gallery to be used as a hospital ward. During the Second World War, the château was bombed by the Germans in June 1940. It was also a means of escaping from the Nazi-occupied zone on one side of the river Cher to the "free" zone on the opposite bank. Occupied by the Germans, the château was bombed by the Allies in June 1944, when the chapel was hit and its windows destroyed. In 1951, the Menier family entrusted the château's restoration to Bernard Voisin, who brought the dilapidated structure and the gardens (ravaged in the Cher flood in 1940) back to a reflection of its former glory.
An architectural mixture of late Gothic and early Renaissance, Château de Chenonceau and its gardens are open to the public. The château has been designated as a Monument historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. Today, Chenonceau is a major tourist attraction. It receives more than 800,000 visitors each year and is the most visited château in France, apart from the Royal Palace of Versailles.
The Château de Chenonceau is also regarded as one of the haunted castles of France. Occasionally when the moon is full, Catherine may be seen combing the hair of her rival, Diane. On other occasions, Diane was seen standing unhappily in front of her bedroom mirror. At least, several people have stated that. Well, everyone has to decide for themselves whether she or he believes in ghosts or not.
Since 2000, the Château de Chenonceau belongs to the UNESCO Word Heritage Site "The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes" with its many breathtaking châteaux. Altogether there are more than 400 of them in the Loire region.
The massive temple complex of Karnak was the principal religious center of the god Amun-Re in Thebes.
Warschau ist seit 1596 die Hauptstadt Polens und zugleich die flächenmäßig größte sowie mit über 1,7 Mio. Einwohnern (2013) bevölkerungsreichste Stadt des Landes.
... Y es que fué en éste coqueto palacio donde, según dice la tradición popular, se inspiró Charles Perrault para crear y escribir su famoso libro "La Bella Durmiente".
Cuando se ve por primera vez se tiene la vaga, o intensa o en algunos casos, impresión de que ya se ha visto anteriormente. A mí también me lo pareció. Esto es debido a que su original diseño y pintoresco aspecto han servido de inspiración en otras tantas ocasiones. Como por ejemplo para Walt Disney, ya que fué uno de los castillos en los que se basó para sus películas de dibujos animados.
Kühlturme der Kokerei Zollverein
Die Zeche Zollverein war ein von 1851 bis 1986 aktives Steinkohlebergwerk in Essen.
Sie ist heute ein Architektur- und Industriedenkmal. Gemeinsam mit der unmittelbar benachbarten Kokerei Zollverein gehören die Schachtanlagen 12 und 1/2/8 der Zeche seit 2001 zum Welterbe der UNESCO. Zollverein ist Ankerpunkt der Europäischen Route der Industriekultur. (aus Wikipedia)
Cooling Towers of Coking Plant Zollverein
The Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex (German Zeche Zollverein) is a large former industrial site in the city of Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has been inscribed into the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since December 14, 2001, and is one of the anchor points of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
The first coal mine on the premises was founded in 1847, mining activities took place from 1851 until December 23, 1986.(from Wikipedia)