The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Olga's dancegroup had a make-up trial night where they tried and practised the make-up for their upcoming show.

More at: movement.vv-photography.com/main.php?g2_itemId=25&g2_...

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Château de Puivert is a so-called Cathar castle situated in the commune of Puivert, in the Aude département of France. This building, on top of a hill overhanging the village and its lake, reaches an altitude of 605 m. The site is in the Quercob region, 60 km (37 mi) south of Carcassonne and 45 km (28 mi) east of Foix. The castle has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1902.

The construction of the present chateau dates from the 13th century. The first mention is in 1170; it belonged to the Congost family before the Albigensian Crusade. These lords practised Catharism and were accused as heretics. Then, in November 1210, the castle was subjected for three days to a siege by the army of Thomas Pons de Bruyère, lieutenant of Simon de Montfort. The castle subsequently became the property of the northern barons. All that is left of this older castle is a few sections of wall to the east. A collapse of the natural dam on the lake at the foot of the site caused the destruction of part of the town of Mirepoix, 30 km to the north, in Ariège in 1279. According to legend, this was because a certain Dame Blanche wanted to daydream on the lake shores, which were inaccessible in bad weather. She asked that the water level be lowered and work undertaken to accomplish this goal led to the collapse.

At the start of the 14th century, Thomas de Bruyère (grandson of Pons) and his wife Isabelle de Melun had the new castle built to the east of the old castle. The remains of the old castle are still visible. The coat-of-arms of Isabelle de Melun, who was the daughter of a Grand Chamberlain of France, still exists in the 'new' castle. The building was given a symbolic and picturesque character that can still be seen today.

The castle was classified as a Monument historique (Historic monument) in 1907. The castle is privately owned. Thanks to its very well preserved keep it has been a location for many films, including The Ninth Gate and Le Peuple migrateur.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Cima da Conegliano (Giovanni Battista Cima 1469/70 - 1517/18) - Saint Peter enthroned with Saint John the Baptist and Saint Paul (1515-1516) - dimensions 155 x 146 cm - Pinacoteca di Brera Milan

La tavola giunse a Brera dal refettorio del convento francescano di Santa Maria Mater Domini a Conegliano, anche se doveva esser stata eseguita per la chiesa annessa al convento. Risulta che un parziale pagamento fu effettuato nel 1516 dalla priora del convento; la tavola a quel tempo era probabilmente terminata e attendeva solo di essere collocata sull’altare della chiesa.

Quest’opera tarda raffigura san Pietro, il primo papa della Chiesa cattolica. È rappresentato in trono con in mano il pastorale, ha in testa la tiara papale e indossa un ricco piviale. Son ben visibili anche gli altri attributi: l’anello piscatorio, che prende il nome dalla professione esercitata da Pietro prima della vocazione, e le chiavi deposte ai suoi piedi. I colori saturi e raffinati, il chiaroscuro mobile definiscono espressioni insolitamente intense e fanno del dipinto un capolavoro.

This late work depicts St. Peter, the Catholic >Church’s first pope, enthroned with his crozier, the papal tiara on his head and a rich cope about his shoulders. We can also clearly make out his other attributes: the fisherman’s ring, named after the trade he practised before his calling, and the keys lying at his feet. The saturated, sophisticated palette and shifting chiaroscuro conveying unusually intense expressions make this painting a true masterpieceCima da Conegliano (Giovanni Battista Cima 1469/70 - 1517/18) - San Pietro in trono con San Giovanni Battista e San Paolo (1515-1516) - dimensioni cm 155 x 146 - Pinacoteca di Brera Milano

Cima da Conegliano (Giovanni Battista Cima 1469/70 - 1517/18) - Saint Peter enthroned with Saint John the Baptist and Saint Paul (1515-1516) - dimensions 155 x 146 cm - Pinacoteca di Brera Milan

La tavola giunse a Brera dal refettorio del convento francescano di Santa Maria Mater Domini a Conegliano, anche se doveva esser stata eseguita per la chiesa annessa al convento. Risulta che un parziale pagamento fu effettuato nel 1516 dalla priora del convento; la tavola a quel tempo era probabilmente terminata e attendeva solo di essere collocata sull’altare della chiesa.

Quest’opera tarda raffigura san Pietro, il primo papa della Chiesa cattolica. È rappresentato in trono con in mano il pastorale, ha in testa la tiara papale e indossa un ricco piviale. Son ben visibili anche gli altri attributi: l’anello piscatorio, che prende il nome dalla professione esercitata da Pietro prima della vocazione, e le chiavi deposte ai suoi piedi. I colori saturi e raffinati, il chiaroscuro mobile definiscono espressioni insolitamente intense e fanno del dipinto un capolavoro.

This late work depicts St. Peter, the Catholic >Church’s first pope, enthroned with his crozier, the papal tiara on his head and a rich cope about his shoulders. We can also clearly make out his other attributes: the fisherman’s ring, named after the trade he practised before his calling, and the keys lying at his feet. The saturated, sophisticated palette and shifting chiaroscuro conveying unusually intense expressions make this painting a true masterpiece

© all rights reserved by B℮n

Please take your time... and enjoy it large on black

Milka is a brand of milk chocolate manufactured by Kraft Foods. It is sold in bar form, in holiday shapes, and in a variety of specialty forms. It was created in 1901 in Austria, by Swiss chocolatier Philippe Suchard as his first milk chocolate variety. Suchard was an independent company for many years. Kraft acquired the majority of Jacobs Suchard, including Milka, in 1990. The brand has a well-known symbol, the Milka Cow, which is a lilac colored Montbéliard cow (original colour brown-white, completely white face) also Purple cow sporting a bell around her neck, usually shown in an Alpine meadow. The name is believed to be derived from combining Milch und Kakao (the German terms for milk and cocoa. Anyway it’s more than 35 years and 110 TV adverts since that first one and it seems the lilac cows are now more popular than ever.

On our stroll around the Hintertux Glacier above the tree line we came across the famous Milka cows. Original a lilac colored Montbéliard cow. Seasonal migration to high pastures is still practised in Austria. Cattle are taken care of by local farmer families who move to higher places. Austria has over 12 000 sites where 70 000 farmers take care of about 500 000 cattle.

Milka is een chocolademerk van het bedrijf Kraft Foods. In 1901 bracht de chocolatier Philippe Suchard in Neuchâtel (Zwitserland) de eerste melkchocolade op de markt onder deze naam. Het merk Milka heeft een zeer bekend symbool: de Milka-koe. Opmerkelijk aan deze koe is haar lila kleur en de Alpenkoeienbel rond haar nek. De naam Milka is een combinatie van de woorden Milch en Kakao, Duitse termen voor melk en cacao. In Europa wonen veruit de meeste consumenten van chocolade en andere cacaoproducten. Het land waar de meeste chocolade wordt gegeten is Zwitserland met 11,4 kg per persoon per jaar. Groot-Brittannië en België staan ook in de top drie. Om aan de grote vraag naar chocolade te voldoen, produceert Milka dagelijks wereldwijd 3 miljoen chocoladetabletten. Nederlanders zijn eveneens chocoladeliefhebbers, maar wij houden daarnaast vooral van koekjes. Nederlanders eten maar liefst 18 kilo koekjes per jaar!

A flying kick, in several disciplines of martial arts, is a general description of kicks that involve a running start, jump, then a kick in mid-air. Compared to a regular kick, the user is able to achieve greater momentum from the run at the start. Flying kicks are not to be mistaken for jumping kicks, which are similar manoeuvres. A jumping kick lacks the running start; the martial artist simply jumps and kicks from a stationary position. Flying kicks are commonly practised in taekwondo, karate, wushu and Muay Thai for fitness, exhibitions, competition, and self defence.

'Location: Kaafu. Dhiffushi's thundi(southern beach)'

Models: Jaittey n His frnd

At the time of this photo I was a bit miffed at the hut being slightly in the way of Western Viceroy, on The Western Sunset rail-tour. Now, though, it is something that has probably been pensioned off and is a photo of some note! I would imagine that the business next to the station would make a good car park for a park and ride scheme - if it hasn't already happened of course.

The neat disc over the lamp bracket of the PRC , Plymouth Railway Circle, was conveniently small to carry and easy to fit on the loco. The usual head board style could be problematic if it was a Western without clips from new or not replace after modification after accident damage.

The other solution was an adhesive version such as when the last BR tour was due to leave Plymouth and THE END got stuck on. The "TRIBUTE" headboard was supposed to have been placed on and permission was given to do the other one first so that it would be there at Paddington.

However, the board was not used and said sticker got exposed to the elements for 225 or so miles. It stood up to it quite well.

Fitting it in the freezing cold at Plymouth was a nightmare as I had to step over and balance on the front of 1023 away from the platform. Those handrails were damned cold as well! Just imagine being allowed to do that now.

It caused a very audible "groan" at Westbury when the train was "diverted" through from the cut off route. A bit of influence was practised I think! The sticker alone certainly gave the folk on the platform a surprise.

Said sticker is still in existence, clinging on to a piece of board. Where the Western Tribute headboard is I have no idea - it was raffled off on the tour.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

When it rains in the Republic of Ireland, it BUCKETS down, monsoonal rains in India have nothing on the Republic.

Despite this rain, Mr. Killen decided that a trip to Kinsale was in order which was a looooong way from the Hotel and he has an uncanny knack of finding the longest route possible.

So, as you can image, photo opportunities were virtually non existent until we came across Harbour View Beach.

Despite the howling wind and lashing rain there were a dozen people out on the bay para-sailing and they were having a blast as they were fairly whizzing across the waves.

I followed this particular chap as he seemed to like doing a little twirl as he came to our end and get airborne.

I don't think he had practised his landings though as inevitably he would fall off his board and land with a thump into the sea.

I was more concerned that he was going to impale himself on the remains of the jetty and one of us would have to rescue him.

Yes, I know, I have a very vivid imagination!

We did finally end up in Kinsale and didn't even bother getting out of the car because of the rain.

Oh well there is always next time.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

"Anxiety is the hand maiden of creativity." T.S Elliot

Creativity is driven by the need to express or release. While anxiety forms when release cannot be found. Expression is a natural urge and one that should be practised continuously.

In creativity you have freedom; in freedom mistakes are welcomed and anxiety is abandoned.

For those with an objective, art is the result of choosing the right mistake to keep.

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One of the four forms of bullfighting praticed in the world but it differs from the other three by two features, first it is practised exclusevely with cows and not bulls, the other feature it shares with the Camargue races, is that there is no killing, or hurting of the animal, either during the race, or after.

This is another view from the right-hand side of the walkway.

This beach is several miles long.

THOUGHT...........BEWARE THOUGH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! At about a 30 minute walk this way, there is an officially recognised naturist area, if you have a family with young children, you may want to turn back when you see the sign.

It has been practised here since the 1930's.

The area is about 1 km long...............

acrylic on canvas, 2014, 70 x 100 cm

#EndFGM / contre les MGF

وقف ختان الإناث

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a brutal custom practised in several developing countries under the guise of religion and tradition

www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/

Even those who see it in EUROPE close their eyes...why??

FGM in Europe: Facts

* Up to 500,000 girls and women living in the European Union are affected or threatened by FGM.

* 75,000 of them live in Great Britain, 65,000 in France, 30,000 in Germany.

* The victims are migrants, whose families took along this practice when they immigrated.

* In spite of the fact that FGM is in most European countries either directly or indirectly prohibited, the laws are either incomplete or they are not enforced. The only country in which legal proceedings in connection with Female Genital Mutilation have ever been instituted, is France.

* Most European countries hardly invest in awareness training and in investigations.

* There are no effective cross-border measures against Female Genital Mutilation. Any efforts – which vary tremendously in their degree – take place within the country borders. FGM is still not considered to be a European problem.

* The victims are usually approached in the health sector and by authorities in an inadequate way, ignorance prevails.

* FGM is in hardly any European country a regular part of the vocational training of doctors, midwives and social workers.

* No European country explicitly accepts the threat of genital mutilation as a reason for asylum

www.endfgm.eu/female-genital-mutilation/fgm-in-europe/

United Kingdom: Over 600 new victims of FGM identified in the West Midlands in seven months (22 June 2015)

www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/over-600-new-vict...

March 2014: more than 60 cases of Female Genital Mutilation among minor girls have been detected in SWEDISH school - but not a single prosecution and no protection of potential victims

blog.taskforcefgm.de/2014/08/scandal-sweden-60-girls-vict...

www.inhr.net/artikel/schweden-ganze-m%C3%A4dchenklasse-ge...

www.rt.com/news/167368-genital-mutilation-sweden-girls/

FGM is banned but very much alive in the UK (2016)

www.theguardian.com/society/2014/feb/06/female-genital-mu...

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Jan Theuninck is a Belgian painter

www.boekgrrls.nl/BgDiversen/Onderwerpen/gedichten_over_sc...

www.forumeerstewereldoorlog.eu/wiki/index.php/Yperite-Jan...

www.graphiste-webdesigner.fr/blog/2013/04/la-peinture-bel...

www.eutrio.be/nl/expo-west-meet-east

www.eutrio.be/fr/expo-west-meets-east

Published on Planète-Burkina.com

www.planete-burkina.com/photos_galerie_burkina.php?action...

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Trick or Treat, the "Spirits " roamed free ; they're on the right side ...

I Believe In the Great Pumpkin,I started carving & went Culture hunting ...

I'm getting this Round - Help yourselves to the Spirits galore !

You don't have to watch me Carving the Great Pumpkin ...

☼ இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ—...இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ— 🌻🌻🌻 இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ—...இڿڰۣ-ڰۣ— 🌻🌻🌻☼

Acknowledging Festivities of Yesteryears

“At the heart of every legend there is a grain of truth.” Nicolas Flamel

Folklore is not just fun,I always delve into different layers of depth to learn how spiritual traditions and popular cultures have developed in Anthropology.

How interesting to know that Halloween originates from ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain,which lasted for three days and nights and marked the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. Literally translated,Samhain means "Summer's End".

The Celts recognized only two seasons,summer and winter.

Many of the traditions of Halloween derive from Pagan and Druid customs.Samhain was known in Ireland as the "Lord of Darkness" and the Druid religion was practised by ancient Celtic tribes that populated Ireland and parts of Europe.

Samhain was a time of prophesies,of disguising oneself to avert evil,of performing rites of protection from the dead and Otherworldly spirits.The ancient Druid practice was to circle the tribal Samhain bonfire with the skulls of their ancestors,who would protect the tribe from demons.The veil between this world and the World of the Ancestors was drawn aside on these nights,and for those who were prepared,journeys could be made in safety to the 'other side'. The Druid rites, therefore, were concerned with making contact with the spirits of the departed, who were seen as sources of guidance and inspiration rather than as sources of dread.

Robert Burns - Halloween

Druid dance on Samhain

www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKK6XUE2Khs

And,by carving the Pumpkin deeper and deeper,I discovered the Greek connection of Ancient Druids,who were ancient religious leaders, mystics, philosophers and tribal judges of the Celts in Britain, Ireland and Gaul (major part of modern day Western Europe).

There are a number of points that seem to connect Druids with the ancient Greek civilisation.They got their name from the Greek word for the oak tree,which is “driis” (in Greek ΔΡΥΣ).

Since time immemorial, the oak tree was a sacred tree for ancient Greeks.It was the sacred tree of the Greek Royal families of Macedonia.Many of the Macedonian crowns or wreaths found in Royal tombs in Greece depict oak branches and leafs. The oak tree was also the sacred tree of ancient Greek deities Gaia and Zeus.

Also, an oak tree,which was believed that had prophetic powers, stood by the ancient oracle of Dodoni.

Much of the information we have about Druids comes from roman times when the Romans were expanding their empire towards the west.From the Gaellic Wars, a book written in Roman times by Julius Caesar, we can find evidence that Druids used the Greek characters in their public and private transactions.

References to the Druids were also made by the Greek Stoic philosopher Poseidonius,who early in the first century B.C. began an ambitious and dangerous journey into the little-known lands of the Celts. A man of great intellectual curiosity and considerable daring, Posidonius travelled from the Greek island of Rhodes to Rome.From there Posidonius planned to investigate for himself the mysterious Celts.His journey would be one of the great adventures of the ancient world.

Posidonius journeyed deep into the heart of the Celtic lands in Gaul. There he discovered that the Celts were a sophisticated people who studied the stars, composed beautiful poetry, and venerated a priestly caste known as the Druids.They were a highly complex and intellectual group whose influence transcended religion and reached into the realms of secular power and politics.

Reliable sources :

Celtic Lore-keepers, including Druids -

Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, 1988

The Celtic Ethnography of Posidonius

Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature

And sources of Other Worlds ...

Lebor Gabála Érenn - The Book of the Taking of Ireland -

It is an ancient Irish collection of poems and narratives, which refers to the Greek Partholon who reached Ireland after the big flood.He was an early invader who cleared forests and diverted rivers and he became a Law maker.He came from Macedonia or central Greece with his wife,his three sons and their wives and three Druids, Fios, Eólas, Fochmarc. The names of the three Druids mean :

Cognition, Knowledge and Inquiry.

What we don’t understand, we ascribe to myth ...

Myths always carry a core of truth ...

My Halloween Pumpkin was deeply carved,then I mashed the pulp and wrote my story ...

We are always learning, always discovering.We are a landscape of all we have seen ...

PS : Omit my long-winded,verbose commentary & enjoy Robert Burns' poem & the mystic Druid dance video

www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKK6XUE2Khs

“Cats are connoisseurs of comfort.”

James Herriot, James Herriot's Cat Stories

*

James Alfred Wight OBE FRCVS, better known by his pen name James Herriot, was a British veterinary surgeon and author. Born in Sunderland, Wight graduated from Glasgow Veterinary College in 1939, returning to England to become a veterinary surgeon in Yorkshire, where he practised for almost 50 years

*

He is best known for writing a series of eight books set in the 1930s–1950s Yorkshire Dales about veterinary practice, animals, and their owners, which began with If Only They Could Talk, first published in 1970. Over the decades, the series of books has sold some 60 million copies

>

photo manipulation

style influenced by the ways cats see hues..

Rumoured to be the busiest intersection in the world (and definitely in Japan), Shibuya Crossing, is like a giant beating heart, sending people in all directions with every pulsing light change. Perhaps nowhere else says ‘Welcome to Tokyo’ better than this. Hundreds of people – and at peak times said to be over 1000 people – cross at a time, coming from all directions at once yet still managing to dodge each other with a practised, nonchalant agility.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Muay Thai, which translates to “Thai Boxing”, is the national sport of Thailand. It is a martial art with roots originating from military use dating back to around the 13th century during the time of the Sukhothai Kingdom. This was taken in Khao Lak where the sport is taught on the beach.

Muay Thai is known as the “Art of 8 limbs” because it makes use of 8 points of contact namely, punches, elbows, knees and kicks. This differs it from other stand-up combat sports such as boxing (2 points - fists) and karate (4 points - fists and feet).

Today, Muay Thai is practised and competed not only in Thailand, but also all around the world.

©Kings Davis 2024

Please do not use or reproduce this image on Websites/Blog or any other media without my explicit permission.

This photo was taken during Gaura arati which widely practised by Bhakti yoga practitioners especially the devotees of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Who is Lord Krishna Himself.

Thank you for viewing. If you like please fav and leave a nice comment. Hope to see you here again. Have a wonderful day 😊

Walthamstow 🇬🇧

17 June, 2018

Megalithic burial site at Siruthavur, Near Chennai

Was really excited as a history lover when I first came to know about these at a birding site I frequent. The lack of importance to something as ancient and significant is striking, with not even a board here, mentioning the place's significance.

This particular site has been dated to be between ~330 BCE - 619 CE. Separate graveyards like this, away from the houses, came about with the onset of the Iron age in South India.

These were primarily agrarian societies that settled near perennial water sources (The lake in the previous picture, in this case). Fertile arable lands were not wasted from encroachments by their graves and it was the unproductive foot-hills, rocky/gravelly lands that were used (as can be seen).

Different burial types were practised in different regions - including urn burials, pits with sarcophagus, dolmenoid cists (partly above the ground and party below) with unhewn stone/ dressed stone assemblage and with/without a stone circle etc. The one in the picture has a dolmenoid cist without a stone assemblage and is bound by a stone circle.

The grave goods collected from these burials include pottery, gold rings, beads, iron implements and food, as indicated by the presence of paddy husk and chaff, and some other cereals.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

French postcard in the Entr'acte series by Éditions Asphodèle. Mâcon, no. 003/3. Photo: Collection: B. Courte; D.R. W.C. Fields at the set of My Little Chickadee (Edward F. Cline, 1940). Caption: W.C. Fields' humour is as much in his films as in everyday life! At the entrance to the studio where he is shooting his film, he has posted the following sign: "No admittance to this stage (with or without pass). This includes studio employees!"

W. C. Fields (1880-1946) was an American comedian, actor, juggler, and writer, who became known as an entertainer in vaudeville shows and on Broadway at the turn of the century. In the 1920s, he starred in numerous silent film comedies. Fields' comic persona was a misanthropic and hard-drinking egotist, who remained a sympathetic character despite his supposed contempt for children and dogs. In the 1930s and 1940, he became one of Hollywood's best-known film comedians. Among his recognisable trademarks were his swollen nose, raspy drawl, and grandiloquent vocabulary.

W. C. Fields was born William Claude Dukenfield in the Philadelphia suburb of Darby, Pennsylvania, in 1880. He was the eldest of five children born to Cockney immigrant James Dukenfield and Philadelphia native Kate Felton. He went to school for four years, then quit to work with his father selling vegetables from a horse cart. At eleven, after many fights with his alcoholic father (who hit him on the head with a shovel), he ran away from home. For a while he lived in a hole in the ground, depending on stolen food and clothing. His first regular job was delivering ice. By age thirteen he was a skilled pool player and juggler and began working in vaudeville. At the age of 21, he travelled across North America and Europe with a juggling act. He gradually incorporated comedy into his act. He imagined faking failures and caught the objects with his feet or on the rebound, with leg movements that might themselves appear accidental to the spectator. The difficulty and mastery of his tricks led to unanimous critical acclaim for his juggling skills, which later earned him a place in the juggling hall of fame. The same was true of billiards, which he practised assiduously to the point of creating tricks, such as hitting the ball in such a way that it jumps backwards, high above the table, and then bounces off a part of his body before entering the pocket, with several variations. Deliberately dressed in ragged clothes, extravagant top hats that made him famous, and a fake black moustache (although he was blond), his original tricks brought him international success. At age twenty-three he opened at the Palace in London and played with Sarah Bernhardt at Buckingham Palace. He starred at the Folies-Bergere with young Charles Chaplin and Maurice Chevalier on the program. In 1906, he made his Broadway debut in the comedy 'The Ham Tree'.

In 1915, when he was thirty-five, W.C. Fields moved to New York and made his film debut in the 15-minute short silent film Pool Sharks (Edwin Middleton, 1915), produced by Gaumont. He also participated in the script. On stage, he introduced a few novelties into his cabaret act including a crazy golf game which was seen by impresario Florenz Ziegfeld who contracted him. Fields was a featured comedian in the Ziegfeld Follies from 1915 through 1921. He became a star in the Broadway musical comedy 'Poppy' (1923), about carnival life, in which he played a colourful small-time con man, snake-oil peddler Eustace McGargle. It led to a role in 'George White's Scandals'. His subsequent stage and film roles were often similar scoundrels or henpecked everyman characters. In 1925 D.W. Griffith made a film of 'Poppy, renamed Sally of the Sawdust (1925), starring Fields. He was a sensation in Hollywood and settled into a mansion near Burbank, California. He made several highly popular short films before focusing on features full-time. He made twelve silent films before his first talkie in The Golf Specialist (1930). When sound came W.C. Fields was out as casting agents didn't like his voice. It was only when Paramount was casting Million Dollar Legs (1931) and wanted all the comedians they could get that he got a part. His breakthrough as a film actor came in 1933 with International House directed by A. Edward Sutherland. In the same year, he played Humpty-Dumpty in the commercially unsuccessful Lewis Carroll adaptation Alice in Wonderland, in which numerous other film stars also appeared. On the other hand, the comedy It's a Gift (Norman Z. McLeod, 1934) was a great success. Fields plays a family man who is troubled by nagging wives, bratty Baby Leroy, noisy neighbors, and pesky strangers and seeks his fortune with an orange plantation in California. It contained his famous "sleeping on the back porch" stage sketch. Also in 1934, four more Fields films were released, including You're Telling Me! in which his character - an unsuccessful inventor - receives unexpected help from a princess. The unusual role names Fields bore in his comedies are noteworthy: Professor Eustance McGargle, Elmer Prettywillie, Augustus Q. Winterbottom, J. Effingham Bellweather, Rollo La Rue, Egbert Sousè ("accent grave over the e"), Harold Bissonette ("pronounced Bissonay"), Ambrose Wolfinger, Larson E. Whipsnade, Cuthbert J. Twillie or T. Frothingill Bellows. The names were chosen by himself.

W.C. Fields' most famous role was the good-natured but notoriously profligate Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield (George Cukor, 1935). David was played by Freddie Bartholomew, who was only ten years old. Fields admired the Charles Dickens book and wanted desperately to play Mr. Micawber in the film, so he agreed to forego his usual ad-libs and put aside his distaste at working with child actors. After the film's release, Fields received excellent reviews; the New York Times even saw Fields as a "spiritual descendant" of Mr. Micawber. David Copperfield was the only film in which he acted as the script dictated and he did not improvise spontaneously in front of the camera. In 1936, W.C. Fields was forced to temporarily stop working due to an illness exacerbated by his alcoholism. he even gave up alcohol during this convalescence. His contract expired and was not renewed. He then turned to the radio and appeared in mostly spontaneous dialogues on Charlie McCarthy's radio shows with Edgar Bergen. To his surprise, his trading insults with ventriloquist's dummy Charlie McCarthy made him famous again and in 1938, he returned to the big screen. In 1939 he switched to Universal where he made films written mainly by and for himself. He had two of his biggest film successes at Universal in 1940, one alongside Mae West in the frivolous comedy My little Chickadee (Edward F. Cline, 1940), the other in the title role in The Bank Dick (Edward F. Cline, 1940), one of his best-known films today. But his doctor's pleas for moderation did not help, and Fields persisted in his excessive consumption of alcohol, particularly gin. His last starring role was in Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (Edward F. Cline, 1941). After long arguments with Universal, he secured almost complete artistic control over the film. The finished result enraged Universal Pictures and was a comedy full of surreal comedy and critical references to the Hollywood business. After that he largely retired from show business, taking only guest roles in a few feature films and occasional appearances on radio shows. In 1945, suffering from several illnesses (bouts of pneumonia, cirrhosis, etc.), he had to enter a sanatorium. He passed away in Pasadena in 1946. Ironically, W.C. Fields died on the holiday he always said he detested, Christmas Day. W.C. Fields was married in 1901 to Harriet Hughes, his partner in juggling performances at the time, and they had one child, William Jr. (1904). Although Hughes and Fields remained married until his death in 1946, they separated in 1908. He had another son with girlfriend Bessie Poole, named William Rexford Fields Morris (1917). His last mistress, Carlotta Monti, with whom he lived for 14 years, described some amusing and insightful anecdotes in the book 'W.C. Fields and Me'. He is interred at Forest Lawn, Glendale, CA, in the Great Mausoleum, Holly Terrace entrance, Hall of Inspiration. He was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Motion Pictures at 7004 Hollywood Blvd. and for Radio at 6316 Hollywood Blvd.

Sources: Ed Stephan (IMDb), Wikipedia (Dutch, French, and English), and IMDb.

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

This particular block of flats was erected during the late 1933 - early 1934 period for the owner of the land, Ernest Manchester. While the exact date of purchase was not evident on the Title Deed it is likely that Manchester originally purchased the land in circa 1912 - 1913.

The allotment was two roods in size with the dwelling, Werribal, being located on the elevated rear of the section, close to the boundary of Roche Avenue, which runs parallel with Jordan Terrace. The location of the residence allowed development of the front of the allotment. Evidence indicates that Manchester remained at Werribal after the flats were erected.

An application was submitted to Brisbane City Council in November 1933 for the erection of the flats at an estimated cost of £2,223/-/-. The contractor is given as G. Mitchell of Eagle Farm and the Architect as W. Shardlow.

Shardlow had his own practice at Kedron between 1931 - 1932. Prior to this he practised in Mackay and was employed by Cavanagh and Cavanagh in Brisbane from 1926 - 1931. From 1932 he was employed by the Commonwealth Government until retirement in 1957. Shardlow commenced practice during the depression and thus only accomplished a small number of residences before seeking the security of income the public service would provide. However, using the date of the application to the Brisbane City Council (1933), it appears Shardlow undertook the commission while in the employment of the public service. The commission of this flat block would have been impressive given the impact of the depression on building at this time.

Jordan Street is named after Robert Alfred Jordan, the manager of Hunter’s boot factory, who purchased land on the southern side of the street in 1876 and resided in the street during the 1880s. However, during the interwar period many of the inner city residential areas of Brisbane were subject to the introduction of flats, apartments, and house conversions to flats in order to meet the accommodation demand.

After Manchester’s death in 1951 the property passed onto Queensland Trustees Limited to administer. In 1961 Olsen & Bell purchased the property and in 1965 the flats and the house were issued separate titles.

Source: Brisbane City Council Heritage Register.

Museum École de Nancy, France

Entirely dedicated to the Nancy Art nouveau movement, this villa houses some of the most beautiful examples of work by Gallé, Majorelle, Vallin, etc., recreating the atmosphere of a residential home from 1900. the collection give a good idea of the diversity of techniques practised by Ecole de Nancy artists: furniture, glassware, stained glass, leatherwork, ceramics. The garden contains the plants favoured by the Ecole de Nancy artists and its pavillon.

PUBLIC UPLOAD 500 - REPOST 2 : 10,000 Views

So hopefully some of you found this useful and got to improve your skills !

Apologies

First of all I would like to apologize to all of you that would perhaps appreciate a visit from me in their stream. It is not that I'm not interested in your images - far from it !

Time is a very scarce resource for me and at this moment in my life I feel tired most

of the time. Apart from Ella who is sometimes disturbing my sleep, I have more than the normal bad sleeping issue mainly due to the stress I get from the construction of our new home; to top it off I'm reading a book to learn myself new IT technologies and trying to absorb all these technical things while my memory is a mess due to the sleeping disorder, I still have to maintain several programs in older technologies as well. Part of the fun of IT is that you keep on learning, but sometimes this is a burden as well. I just don't get enough time to relax any more.

This troublesome situation is likely to last a few more months, perhaps even until the summer of 2010.

To make it up to you all, I have cleaned up some old tutorial text I have written a long time ago and I will present that to you down below.

About

A tutorial about photoshop layers, masks, selections and channels.

I get many questions about photoshop, I'm always trying to answer the question as good as I can, but I can't keep repeating myself and I thought it would be better to write out this little tutorial about what people ask most or what I think they would most benefit from - because many people don't ask the right questions because they just have no idea yet about the possibilities of photoshop.

This tutorial will perhaps look complicated at first, but I'm sure you'll get it if you just practise the things laid out before you, after all without practise you will never get there.

This tutorial is made for photoshop CS3, but most of it will apply to many other version of photoshop.

Read this tutorial from top to bottom, to be sure you don't miss anything and will can confused in the end.

Since flickr has changed it's way of working, you now need to click on 'View xx more comments' until you have reached the beginning of the tutorial ...

Goal

After you've read the tutorial AND practised a bit lot you'll be able to produce

better images and you'll understand better what I'm taking about in all my photo descriptions.

Me

I'm not pretending to be a photoshop guru, there are plenty of people that are far better than me, I'm just happy to share with you the things I know and perhaps get back something from :

You

If you have any tips on improving this tutorial, be it on the technical side or anything else, a typo or even a comma, feel free to mention this, I'm no native English speaker, I'm sure my English is good enough to understand but I will not be offended if you point out a mistake.

You can still ask me any questions about anything photoshop and I will try to answer them.

I would prefer it you ask your question here and not in a private mail, I will respond to your question here, so that the information is shared for everyone.

Music

We should take the future in our own hands, we are our own 'gods', only science can make us really immortal, we are nearly there: Spiral out !

Lateralus - Tool [CD:Lateralus]

Pearl Jam - Just Breathe

"Stay with me

Let's just breathe

Practised on our sins

Never gonna let me win

Under everything

Just another human being

I don't want to hurt

There's so much in this world

To make me believe

Stay with me

All I see"

(20171028 272_pp_cr16_9)

Don't try this at home!

It has been going on for longer than you might think:--

In the Ebers Papyrus from ancient Egypt dating to 1550 BC, a section is devoted to eye diseases.

Celsus the Greek philosopher of the second century AD gave a detailed description of cataract surgery by the couching method.

Couching is the earliest documented form of cataract surgery. As a cataract is a clouding in the lens of the eye, couching is a technique whereby the lens is dislodged, thus removing the opacity. Although couching is nowadays routinely practised only in remote areas, it was a precursor to modern cataract surgery

Maybe DIY Orthopaedic surgery next.

When you are taking shots of the ceiling with the camera flat on the floor it is often difficult to know exactly what you are getting. In this case I managed to get the alignment, angle, and exposure spot-on without much effort. Compared with the effort six years ago when I managed to miss bits out all over the place. Must be getting well practised!

www.flickr.com/photos/archidave/2090582209/

(Description from Tyneham website) Tyneham school was built in 1856. It wasn’t just the village children who were taught in Tyneham school. Children from the outlying farms and villages and also attended the school. They had to walk in, sometimes from great distances, so if the weather was bad, the attendance would be poor.

In those times, outbreaks of influenza as well as other infectious diseases kept many from attending school. During busy times on the farms attendance would also suffer. This was because many of the children had to help with the harvest and other work, such as hedging and ditching.

Children of all ages were educated at Tyneham school with children from 4 to 14 being taught in the same room. The younger children would sit on the stage behind the drawn curtain. They would practice their counting using beads on strings or drawing with blunt crayons. It was recorder that children as young as three would often wander in to join their elder siblings.

In those times, schools in England were very strict and Tyneham school was no different. There was a very strict regime under Mrs. Pritchard, who was the head teacher from 1921 to 1928. There was no talking, and knuckles were rapped when the pen was held incorrectly for handwriting. Joined-up writing was practised from the start, with careful attention to spacing of letters. Like in all schools at that time, the Union Flag was saluted on entering school in the mornings.

Although Tyneham shcool was originally designed to able to house up to sixty children, it never reached its full attendance. When the Coastguard station at Worbarrow eventually closed in 1912, nearly half the pupils left.

The schools attendance remained low throughout the 1920s. In 1932, when the total number of students had fallen to only 9 children, Tyneham school was forced to close. The school was then used as the village hall. The remaining students were taken to Corfe castle school by bus.

Today, Tyneham school has been fully restored, both inside and out and gives a good idea of what school life would have been like for those attending.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Seen here a hammer mill powered by hydropower.

www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMD...

Site description The site is a National Park covering 36,000 ha of the High Atlas, including the highest mountain in Morocco, Jbel Toubkal (4,167 m). Located only 60 km south of the town of Marrakech, the dramatic mountain scenery attracts thousands of visitors each year, many of whom climb Jbel Toubkal or trek elsewhere in the park. The mountain summits are often only slightly above the level of their surrounding high plateaus, which are separated by deep valleys. The park extends from 1,000 m upwards and therefore encompasses a range of vegetation-types, from forest to alpine meadow. Forest only covers 15% of the park, and consists mainly of the oldest Quercus rotundifolia stands in the High Atlas and Juniperus thurifera. Along the valleys, irrigated agriculture is practised and most of the park is used for extensive livestock-grazing.

More than 95 breeding species have been recorded, among them nine species of the Mediterranean North Africa biome. Thirteen raptors are recorded, among them Gypaetus barbatus, which definitely bred in the park until 1980. The Parc National de Toubkal is one of only two areas in Morocco where Apus caffer has been recorded breeding, and also holds several species with quite localized distributions in Africa, such as Rhodopechys sanguinea and Eremophila alpestris.

Conservation issues The National Park was created by 'Arrête viziriel' on 19 January 1942. Despite its protected status, the park has been facing growing pressures since the 1960s. Poaching has wiped out some species and overgrazing has destroyed or degraded much of the natural vegetation. Tourism has mushroomed and led to erosion of footpaths—on some days 30-40 tourists may be found together at one time on the summit of Jbel Toubkal, in spite of the long and arduous trek required to reach it. To counter these threats and safeguard wildlife, in the 1950s AEFCS created a reserve for Ammotragus lervia adjacent to the park, and in 1994 enclosed an area of 1,000 ha for the reintroduction of Gazella cuvieri. Both these measures have resulted in the protection of areas of forest habitat which are important for breeding birds. In 1994, a management plan for the park was drawn up under the auspices of AEFCS. Further conservation measures required include the training of local guides; the protection of nest-sites of the rarer bird species, particularly raptors; maintenance of trails to prevent erosion; and the establishment of grazing enclosures to protect endemic plant species.

This shot is from a time ago, but i couldn't figure out how to edit inside shots.

But now i have practised with it and i think it looks verry good!

Taken at 'The Pool', Melbourne, South Derbyshire.

Lovely bright morning so decided to visit here to get some better shots of the goosanders we saw last week.

Typical feeding technique in shallow water, practised by Divers (Loons) and occasionally some larger grebe species.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Back to winter with a vengeance! Too cold to go out so I practised some focus work with a bunch of tulips & my 35mm lens which doesn`t come out very often.

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

Looking towards Folly Bridge which crosses the River Thames and Grandpont Island, in Oxford, Oxfordshire.

The Folly Bridge is Grade II Listed and was erected in 1825–27 of stone, to designs of architect, Ebenezer Perry, who practised in London. The bridge is in two parts separated by an island. The origin of the name is uncertain although it has been suggested that it originated about 1650 after a tenant of Bacon's study.

The bridge apparently stands at the site of the ford over which oxen could be driven across the Isis, the ancient name of the reach of the Thames between Folly Bridge and Iffley Lock. The first known stone bridge on the site was built by Robert d'Oilli in around 1085, but there was believed to be a wooden bridge in the time of Ethelred of Wessex. Remains of the Saxon structure may still be seen beneath the present bridge.

Until the late 17th century the bridge was known as South Bridge, and formed part of a long causeway known as Grandpont, which stretched along most of the line of Abingdon Road. In the 13th century, the alchemist Roger Bacon lived and worked at "Friar Bacon's Study" which stood across the north end of the bridge until 1779, when it was removed to widen the road.

A toll-booth gateway tower used to straddle the approach to the bridge, which was on the Abingdon to Banbury turnpike. The former bridge and "Bacon's Tower" were drawn by many artists, including the twelve-year-old Joseph Mallord William Turner.

There was also a weir underneath the bridge which had a flash lock and later a "pen" lock. At the beginning of the 19th century this and the poor state of the bridge itself constituted a problem to navigation. Surveys discovered that the foundations were in a very bad state and in 1815 an Act of Parliament was obtained to rebuild the bridge and remove the "Tackle and Works" underneath. The new bridge works were begun in 1824 and completed in 1827. A pound lock was established nearby in about 1832, which was removed in 1884.

The toll house was rebuilt in 1844 and is now, along with the bridge, also Grade II listed; tolls on the bridge were abolished in 1850. A scheme for a public footbridge next to the bridge was designed by Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners but was not built.

Information Source:

wikishire.co.uk/wiki/Folly_Bridge

For WAH (of course) who are visiting the band of the same name in celebration.

Rafael had practised hard with his ninja skills and succeeded in taking down the giant human

The Hagen Open-air Museum (LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen – Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Handwerk und Technik; English: "LWL Open-air Museum Hagen – Westphalian State Museum for Craft and Technics") is a museum at Hagen in the southeastern Ruhr area, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded, together with the Detmold Open-air Museum, in 1960, and was first opened to the public in the early 1970s. The museum is run by the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL, regional authority for Westphalia and Lippe within North Rhine-Westphalia). It lies in the Hagen neighbourhood of Selbecke south of Eilpe in the Mäckingerbach valley.

The open-air museum brings a bit of skilled-trade history into the present, and it takes a hands-on approach. On its grounds stretching for about 42 ha, not only are urban and rural trades simply "displayed" along with their workshops and tools, but in more than twenty of the nearly sixty rebuilt workshops, they are still practised, and interested visitors can, sometimes by themselves, take part in the production.

As early as the 1920s, there were efforts by a group of engineers and historical preservationists to preserve technological monuments for posterity. The initiator, Wilhelm Claas, even suggested the Mäckingerbach valley as a good place for a museum to that end. The narrow valley was chosen, as wind, water and wood were the three most important location factors for industry in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1960, the Westphalian Open-Air Museum was founded, and thirteen years later, the gates opened to the public. Unlike most open-air museums, which show everyday life on the farm or in the country as it was in days gone by, the Hagen Open-Air Museum puts the history of these activities in Westphalia in the fore. From the late 18th century through the early years of the Industrial Revolution to the highly industrialized society emerging in the early 20th century, the visitor can experience the development of these trades and the industry in the region.

Crafts and trades demonstrated at the Westphalian Open-Air Museum include ropemaking, smithing, brewing, baking, tanning, printing, milling, papermaking, and much more. A favourite attraction is the triphammer workshop shown in the image above. Once the hammer is engaged, a craftsman goes to work noisily forging a scythe, passing it between the hammer and the anvil underneath in a process called peening.

The Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum is open from March or April until October.

A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of free-flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill. A water wheel consists of a large wooden or metal wheel, with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface. Most commonly, the wheel is mounted vertically on a horizontal axle, but the tub or Norse wheel is mounted horizontally on a vertical shaft. Vertical wheels can transmit power either through the axle or via a ring gear and typically drive belts or gears; horizontal wheels usually directly drive their load.

Water wheels were still in commercial use well into the 20th century, but they are no longer in common use. Prior uses of water wheels include milling flour in gristmills and grinding wood into pulp for papermaking, but other uses include hammering wrought iron, machining, ore crushing and pounding fiber for use in the manufacture of cloth.

Some water wheels are fed by water from a mill pond, which is formed when a flowing stream is dammed. A channel for the water flowing to or from a water wheel is called a mill race (also spelled millrace) or simply a "race", and is customarily divided into sections. The race bringing water from the mill pond to the water wheel is a headrace; the one carrying water after it has left the wheel is commonly referred to as a tailrace.

John Smeaton's scientific investigation of the water wheel led to significant increases in efficiency in the mid to late 18th century and supplying much needed power for the Industrial Revolution.

Water wheels began being displaced by the smaller, less expensive and more efficient turbine developed by Benoît Fourneyron, beginning with his first model in 1827.[3] Turbines are capable of handling high heads, or elevations, that exceed the capability of practical-sized waterwheels.

The main difficulty of water wheels is their dependence on flowing water, which limits where they can be located. Modern hydroelectric dams can be viewed as the descendants of the water wheel, as they too take advantage of the movement of water downhill.