I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.

  

TASAWWUF

"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)

 

SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM

Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.

 

BIOGRAPHY

Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.

 

Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)

 

THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL

The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.

 

SHARIAH & SUFISM

Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.

 

ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE

Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.

 

WHAT’S SUFISM

Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).

 

ZIKR-E QALBI

However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’

 

PAS ANFAS

Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.

 

SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

 

SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)

The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.

 

THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH

1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).

 

THE SPIRIT OR RUH

The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.

 

LATAIF

The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.

 

FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD

There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.

 

SULOOK

Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.

  

ZIKR

Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.

 

KHALIFA MAJAZEEN

Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)

 

The approved names at that time included:

1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,

2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,

3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,

4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,

5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,

6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,

7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,

8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,

9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,

10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,

11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.

 

These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

Sir Henry George (Harry) Chauvel (1865-1945), soldier, was born on 16 April 1865 at Tabulam, New South Wales, second son of Charles Henry Edward Chauvel, grazier and cattle-breeder, and his wife Fanny Ada Mary, née James. Chauvel was educated at Sydney Grammar School but had a final year at Toowoomba Grammar before taking his place on his father's cattle-station on the Clarence River. He learned to manage a property, and became a most accomplished horseman.

 

His ambition was to follow family tradition and join the British Army, there being little scope in the diminutive colonial forces, but his father's losses from drought made Sandhurst and the cavalry impossible. In 1885, when the volunteer movement was reviving, C. H. E. Chauvel raised the Upper Clarence Light Horse in which his son was commissioned next year. In 1888 the family moved to the Darling Downs in Queensland. Harry Chauvel was compelled to resign from the New South Wales forces, but he was commissioned in the Queensland Mounted Infantry in 1890. He had been managing Canning Downs South for three years when in 1896 he obtained an appointment in the Queensland Permanent Military Forces as a captain and adjutant of the Moreton Regiment. He went to England with the Queensland Jubilee Contingent in 1897, staying on for a year for courses and attachments to regular infantry.

 

Chauvel served with distinction in the South African War as a major in the 1st Queensland Mounted Infantry, taking part in the relief of Kimberley, the advance to Pretoria and the battle of Diamond Hill. At the crossing of the Vet River he personally captured a troublesome machine-gun. For a time he led a mixed force, known as Chauvel's Mounted Infantry, in operations in eastern Transvaal. Returning to Australia in 1901 he took command of the 7th Australian Commonwealth Horse as lieutenant-colonel, but the war ended before he reached Durban. For his services in South Africa, Chauvel was appointed C.M.G. and mentioned in dispatches; he was also given the brevet of lieutenant-colonel.

 

In the next decade Chauvel established a reputation as a trainer, especially of officers; many who attended his staff rides were to distinguish themselves in World War I. Apart from a short period in South Australia reorganizing the mounted troops, he remained in Queensland in staff appointments until 1911. He was one of the group, including (Sir) William Bridges and (Sir) Brudenell White, which was close to Major General Sir Edward Hutton, commander and organizer of the Australian Army in 1901-04. Chauvel was a strong supporter of the existing militia, and the organization from 1910 of the compulsory system around its officers and non-commissioned officers owed much to his advocacy. On 16 June 1906, at All Saints Anglican Church, Brisbane, he had married Sibyl Campbell Keith Jopp; they had two sons and two daughters.

 

In 1911 Chauvel became adjutant general and second member of the Military Board. He was at the centre of affairs during the critical period when the compulsory system was being set up and the Royal Military College was being developed at Duntroon. This work was only partly completed when, in 1914, he was sent to London to be Australian representative on the Imperial General Staff. By the time he and his family reached England, Europe was at war and Australia was preparing an expeditionary force. Bridges chose Chauvel to command the 1st Light Horse Brigade; he was the only Australian regular, other than Bridges himself, to obtain a senior command in the original Australian Imperial Force. He served usefully at the War Office until he went to Egypt in December. His visits to Salisbury Plain had convinced him that the camps would not be ready for the A.I.F.; his urgent representations to Sir George Reid, high commissioner in London, influenced the historic decision to disembark the force in Egypt.

 

When the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps assaulted the Gallipoli Peninsula north of Gaba Tepe on 25 April 1915, the three light horse brigades remained in Egypt. They were quickly called for as reinforcements for the infantry, but Chauvel and the other brigadiers stubbornly insisted that their brigades go as complete units, although dismounted. Chauvel landed on 12 May, taking command of the vital sector around Pope's, Quinn's and Courtney's posts. He held these positions against all Turkish attacks until he was sent to a quiet sector in September. During that time, he became known for his coolness and courage especially in the critical fight of 29 May. Like Lieutenant-General (Baron) Birdwood, the corps commander, he spent much of his time walking his trenches and closely observing the state of his troops and their positions.

 

After two short periods in command of the New Zealand and Australian Division, Chauvel took command of the 1st Division on 6 November. He led it through the evacuation in December and the subsequent expansion of the A.I.F. in Egypt. In December he was promoted major general and in January 1916 was gazetted C.B. Although Birdwood offered him command of one of the infantry divisions soon to go to France, Chauvel elected to remain with the light horse as commander of the new Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division. He also took command of all Australian forces in Egypt including the 1st Squadron, Australian Flying Corps; however, for virtually all matters other than operations, he was responsible to Birdwood in France during the rest of the war.

 

The new division was still settling down when on 23 April, the Turks raided the British outposts covering the northern approach to the Suez Canal. Chauvel immediately moved across the canal to restore the situation, beginning an advance which was to continue for two and a half years until the enemy was driven from Aleppo on the northern borders of Syria. His division was the only desert-worthy force in Sinai, so that when the second Turkish thrust for the canal was defeated at Romani on 4-5 August 1916, Anzac Mounted became the spearhead of Eastern Force in the advance across the desert into Palestine. At Romani, with only two of his four brigades under command, Chauvel outfought the Turks in blazing heat. He pursued them, but his division was too light a force to complete their destruction. Under Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Chetwode, commanding the newly created Desert Column, he destroyed Turkish garrisons at Rafa (December 1916) and Magdhaba (January 1917), thus clearing the way for an assault on the main Turkish positions around Gaza and Beersheba. After Magdhaba he was appointed K.C.M.G.

 

In the first battle of Gaza on 26-27 March 1917, Sir Harry Chauvel took advantage of the fog to place his division across the Turkish communications. He had forced his way into Gaza when he and the victorious British infantry were ordered to withdraw owing to the approach of fresh Turkish forces. In these operations, the newly formed Imperial Mounted Division was placed under his command. Immediately after the unsuccessful second battle of Gaza, 17-19 April 1917, Chetwode was given command of Eastern Force and Chauvel succeeded to the command of the Desert Column, thus becoming the first Australian to lead a corps. When General Sir Edmund Allenby became commander-in-chief in June 1917, he reorganized the army into three corps, giving Chauvel the Desert Mounted Corps of three divisions. In August he became the first Australian to attain the rank of lieutenant-general.

 

In Allenby's offensive from 31 October, Chauvel attacked Beersheba from the east, seizing the wells intact by a surprise charge at sunset. The myth that he launched the 4th Light Horse Brigade as a last desperate throw after a brusque order from Allenby does not sustain examination; Allenby's signal, which arose from misunderstanding an earlier message from Chauvel, was sent after the light horse had entered the town. However, when Gaza was taken and the Turkish centre rolled up, Chauvel was in no position to administer the coup de grâce as four of his nine brigades had been detached and the remainder were almost exhausted. Nevertheless the Desert Mounted Corps, supported by the 60th Division, drove the Turks up the Plain of Philistia beyond Jaffa and the Nahr el Auja, and Jerusalem was entered by the infantry early in December. For his part in these successes, Chauvel was appointed K.C.B.

 

In the reorganization in the spring of 1918, a fourth division was added to Chauvel's corps, which now consisted of the Anzac and Australian Mounted Divisions and the 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions. Allenby attacked twice across the Jordan during this period; the first operation was a powerful raid but the second, under Chauvel, was designed to seize ground with a view to advancing on the vital Turkish rail junction of Deraa. Doubting the feasibility of this plan with the limited forces and logistic support available, he made objections and obtained most of the 60th Division for the assault. Despite the rapid capture of Es Salt on 30 April, the battle swung against him. The Turks repeatedly repulsed the attacks of the 60th Division and drove in his left flank, threatening to cut off his brigades around Es Salt. Moreover, the promised aid from the Arabs did not materialize. As the Turks were being strongly reinforced, on 3 May he decided to withdraw, with Allenby's gruff approval.

 

This operation was in no sense a raid and deserves the title of second battle of the Jordan given it by the enemy commander-in-chief, General Liman von Sanders. If Chauvel failed to seize and hold all his objectives, the blow had important psychological results in that it convinced the enemy that the next British offensive would be launched in the same area and by the same troops. When it came on 19 September, the offensive began on the Mediterranean flank, with his corps poised to dash forward as soon as the infantry had cut a path through the Turkish defences. The secret movement of three cavalry divisions and their impedimenta from the Jordan Valley to the orchards near modern Tel Aviv was a triumph for Chauvel and his staff. Within twenty-four hours, by hard riding, his corps was positioned thirty to forty miles behind the disorganized Turkish armies, astride their communications and moving to seize the few crossings of the Jordan. The battle of Megiddo was one of the most completely successful operations of the war; only the Turkish army beyond the Jordan escaped the catastrophe and it was harried across the desert by the Anzac Mounted Division and the Arabs. Giving the Turks no time to recover, Chauvel destroyed their forces around Haifa and Lake Tiberias and made plans for the pursuit to Damascus; then having forced the passage of the Jordan north of Lake Tiberias on 28 September, he drove the enemy across the Golan Heights and rode for Damascus with two divisions while his third entered Deraa and drove the Turks northwards with Arab help. He entered Damascus on 1 October; after a short pause he was ordered to march on Aleppo, 200 miles (322 km) to the north.

 

Aleppo fell to an Arab force on 25 October. There had been little fighting during the advance; this was fortunate, for Chauvel's tired divisions were melting away, ravaged by malaria and typhus. Six days later the war in the Near East came to an end. In the five weeks since the opening of the offensive, the divisions of the Desert Mounted Corps had advanced from 300 to 500 miles (483 to 804 km), taking over 78,000 prisoners and great quantities of booty. Their battle casualties were only about 650. Many reasons may be adduced for this overwhelming success but not the least was Chauvel's planning of his successive thrusts, his co-ordination of his widely spread forces, and the special care that he gave to the logistical basis of all his operations. Although the headquarters of his polyglot corps was British, he had appointed to key administrative positions Australian officers of outstanding capacity, such as Colonel R. M. Downes and Lieutenant-Colonel William Stansfield. In 1919 he was appointed G.C.M.G.; he was also awarded the French Croix de Guerre, the Order of the Nile (twice) and was mentioned in dispatches ten times.

 

Returning to Australia in September 1919, Chauvel was appointed inspector general and made a member of the Council of Defence. He was chairman of the senior officer's committee which, in February 1920, advised the government on the strength, organization and equipment of the post-war army. But disarmament and economy were in the air and the government, although at first willing to approve the sizeable force recommended, opted for a token force of 38,000 with six days of camp training a year. Further economies followed.

 

In these straitened circumstances Chauvel succeeded White as chief of the general staff in June 1923. At the government's request he continued to act as inspector general. Chauvel's reports of 1921-30 are not only a prime source of Australian military history but also his own testament. In plain, unambiguous terms he warned in report after report of the deterioration in Australia's strategic position owing to the relative decline of British sea power; he cast doubt on the efficacy of Singapore as the first line of defence and he argued that the army must be strong enough to hold out until help arrived. He also made it clear that the existing skeleton force of partly trained men was unfit to fight.

 

In 1924 Chauvel persuaded the government to increase the duration of annual camps from six to eight days and to extend the period of service for trainees from two to three years, but he was unable to obtain funds to rearm the coast defences or even to maintain the army's vehicles and equipment. Nevertheless, he pressed for better pay and conditions for the exiguous permanent force on which the army depended. In particular, Chauvel sought to keep a close relationship with the British Army, by sending officers to the staff colleges and to the Imperial Defence College and on exchange duty in various British headquarters. Insistence on this policy prepared the more senior officers of the Australian Staffs Corps for their outstanding part in World War II.

 

It was not until 1925-29 that the army's first few motor vehicles and tanks began to arrive from England. Chauvel was well aware that this was only a gesture; the army remained what it was, a force of 1918 vintage in which the officer corps struggled to keep up with British developments. Nevertheless, the foundations were laid, as in army-air force co-operation exercises beginning in 1925, Chauvel's own exercise for senior officers the same year, and the establishment in 1926 of the Defence Committee of which he was chairman until 1930.

 

In his role as inspector general, Chauvel frequently travelled to every State to inspect brigades in camp and watch their training.He preferred this to the paperwork and committees which beset him as chief of the general staff. Like all true commanders, he drew strength and refreshment from contact with troops, and his long term as inspector general gave him an unrivalled knowledge of the service. When James Scullin became prime minister in October 1929, one of his first acts was to suspend compulsory training. Chauvel had not been consulted but was required to provide a plan for a smaller, voluntary force. He at once put his authority and influence behind the organization of the new militia which, in spite of the economic crisis, enlisted 25,000 volunteers and 5000 senior cadets in less than six months.

 

In November 1929 Chauvel was promoted general, the first Australian to attain this rank. His retirement next April was almost a national occasion; large public dinners were held in his honour in Melbourne and Sydney. But the only official recognition of his service was a ministerial direction for the provision of an army horse for his daily ride in the Melbourne Domain, a privilege he valued immensely.

 

Retirement was for Chauvel a fruitful experience; directorships in three important companies gave him new interests and he now had time for ex-servicemen's causes. He was for many years chairman of the trustees of the Australian and Victorian war memorials, a senior patron of Melbourne Legacy, and active in the work of the Australian Red Cross and the Young Men's Christian Association. On the eve of Anzac Day 1935, one newspaper wrote that Chauvel 'has come by his quiet work in the interests of returned men to be regarded as their peace time leader'. Such work was but one manifestation of the religious faith on which his life had been built and which was recognized by his Church when he was made a lay canon of St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, in 1930.

 

In 1937 Chauvel led the Australian Services Contingent at the coronation of King George VI. He represented the Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia on the committee which drew up plans for reserve and garrison forces early in 1939. When the Volunteer Defence Corps was set up in June 1940, Chauvel became its inspector-in-chief. At 75 he was in uniform again and on the move around the country. When White, who had been recalled to be chief of the general staff, was killed in 1940, it was to Chauvel that the prime minister, (Sir) Robert Menzies, turned for advice on a successor. In 1944 his health began to fail and he died in Melbourne on 4 March 1945, survived by his wife and children. He was cremated after a state funeral.

 

As a soldier, Chauvel's courage and calmness were matched by his humanity which was extended to the enemy as well as his own men. He was always well forward in battle; in the field he lived simply, sleeping in his greatcoat on the sand when his force was on the move. Loyalty was one of his chief characteristics: he stood by Birdwood when Allenby tried to interfere with the A.I.F. command, and by the New Zealanders when there was an attempt to make Anzac Mounted wholly Australian. He has been criticized for lack of resolution at Rafa and Magdhaba but this was probably an unwillingness to accept more casualties for a prize he did not value; there was no question of his resolution at Quinn's Post, or Romani or Beersheba. Besides, he knew that if Anzac Mounted were to suffer a disaster, the Desert Column would be crippled.

 

Chauvel seemed shy and reserved, in Birdwood's phrase 'very retiring', so that some found him aloof. In reality he was a warm, uncomplicated man, with a keen sense of humour. He rarely sent written orders of the day but he made a point of visiting and addressing troops who had done well or had suffered heavy casualties. Because he understood the British and knew how dependent the small Australian and New Zealand forces were, his policy was to co-operate rather than confront. Because Chauvel was relatively junior and responsible to Birdwood in France, tact and diplomacy were required. His successes in the field and his obvious integrity strengthened his position, but some senior officers seem to have resented a mere 'colonial' having the best command in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force.

 

His long period of office at the head of the army showed Chauvel at his best. In an adverse political and economic environment he knew that, as he could neither train nor equip the army for war, he must ensure the survival and efficiency of the officer corps. Nor could governments pretend that they had not been warned. Lieutenant-General Sir Sydney Rowell summed up: 'Chauvel was the sheet anchor of the Army in this period … It says a great deal for the esteem in which he was held and for his wisdom and integrity that he held the Army together at a time when it was always on the rundown and was, in 1929-31, approaching the critical point where it would have collapsed completely, had it not been for Chauvel's work and influence'.

 

Portraits are in the Australian War Memorial, the Naval and Military Club, Melbourne, and the Imperial War Museum, London. A fine portrait by George Lambert is in the possession of the family. There is a bronze tablet to Chauvel's memory in St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, his sword is in Christ Church, South Yarra, and there is a memorial window in the chapel of R.M.C., Duntroon. His two sons were graduates of R.M.C. and served with the Indian Army; his daughter Elyne Mitchell became a well-known writer.

What has happened here? These two have been best friends for as long as either can remember. They have been inseparable. Was there an argument or a misunderstanding? Is Robot Rabbit so preoccupied with something he sees that he has forgotten all about poor little helpless Mr. Clear Mind?

 

Hopefully, some answers will be forthcoming next week...

 

The Vesuvius is one of the most interesting active explosive volcano on the Earth famous for the eruption of 79 A.D that destroyed Pompeii and Ercolanum not so far from Naples in Campania, South Italy.

 

This month, a National Geographic article by Steven S. Hall about the Vesuvius makes here in Campania region a big misunderstanding and fears among people even that civil organizations has to send an SMS alert to people in towns under Vesuviius that the situation were undercontrol and no imminent eruptions going to arrive for calm a big volcano-psychosis .

Where is the situations? What was about the NG article?

Giuseppe Mastrolorenzo, a volcanologist. of Vesuvian Observatory tells about an ancient eruption of 1780 b.J called “the eruption of Avellino pomice – an event didn’t preserve by the historical memory ( I that I live in Avellino -about 80 km from Naples - I don’t know about any documentation here). After a long focus on this event full of archeoogy history, Mastrolorenzo declare that if from the eruption of Avellino pomice to the eruption of 79A.D, about 2000 years are passed, a new strong plinian eruption should blow up in these years.

Ancient people of our land, remember about a soft eruption of the volcano in 40’s during the Second World War, while American troups flew over this land. From this eruption we preserve some memories of a dark sky full of black ashes and a urban road surfacing made by lava and a big build activity that in these years create a lot of houses on the green mountainside of the Vesuvius.

But according to Mastrolorenzo, if between the two big Vesuvius explosions of 1780 b.J and 79 A.D, about 2,000 years are passed, a new strong dangerus volcano activity can rise up soon while his doubt on a good emergency plan of escape are expressed in the article.

At the moment, the plan put in a “red zone” 18 town for a total of 600,000 people. But, however, Marcello Martini, the president of the Vesuvius observatory, criticizes the words of Mastrolorenzo: the sofisticated instruments don’t evidence the possibility of a dangerous eruption now and the security plan is good and the volcano is always under control. The statistics show that the only the 1% of possibilities declares that a plinian eruption so strong as in the 79 a.J will be possible.

 

Actually, the people involves in the red zone, can receive a bonus of 30,000 euros from the region authority for immigrating in another town and buy a new house far from the volcano: but people of the aerea protest for the less value of this offer . But it’s true that the interior of rural zone and residencial one as in the town near by Avellino and Benevento are full of people from this zone. But in really habitants denounce that these people buy a home for having money, after they don’t go away by their hometown and use their new house for weekend in mountain or for earn money renting out their apartments or villas while local people complain them for the general inflation of the value of apartments. If in the downtown of Avellino in 1990 you could pay abot 75 euros for a meter , now you spend 2500 euros.

 

* you can read the National Geographic article here www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0709/vesuvius/vesuvius.html

 

*******

 

Il Vesuvio attivo? Lo ricorda chi ha più di 60’ anni e che negli anni 40’ lo vide eruttare durante la guerra tra un cielo nero e la coltre di cenere che arrivò fino ai paesi dell’interland irpino e beneventano, episodio da cui, l’enorme strato di lava raffreddata permette oggi di coprire la produzione di basoli in pietra lavica per la pavimentazione urbana.

   

Ma anni fa su Raitre, Gaia mandò in onda una simulazione dell’eruzione del Vesuvio del 79 d.c, qui in Campania ci fu uno di quei sentimenti di emozione incontrollabile sull’orda del “se è accaduto potrebbe riaccadere”. Oggi, sulla scia di un lungo articolo di Stephen S.Hall che fa da copertina al National Geographic di Settembre, le leggende metropolitane e i misunderstanding su un’imminente eruzione del Vesuvio e di un piano di evacuazione insufficiente.

 

Per districare i nodi dal pettine, andiamo a monte. Cosa c’è scritto in questo benedetto articolo del National?

 

Giuseppe Mastrolorenzo, vulcanologo dell’osservatorio vesuviano, descrive una strabiliante scoperta archeologica di alcuni scheletri risalenti ad un eruzione del Vesuvio molto prima del famigerato 79 d.c: l’eruzione in questione è “l’eruzione delle pomici di Avellino” di 3.780 anni fa, risalente cioè all’età del bronzo. Un eruzione che, io che abito nel pieno del centro di Avellino non avevo mai sentito e di cui in effetti non si parla: Mastrolenzo dichiara che in quell’eruzione 100.000 tonnellate al secondo di roccia surriscaldata all’altezza di 35 mila metri fuoriuscirono dal Vesuvio.

 

Dopo una lunga disquisizione sull’argomento, Mastrolenzo giunge alla sua tesi: se, dal 1780 a.c (anno dell’eruzione delle pomici di Avellino) al 79 d.c, passano 2.000 anni, una prossima eruzione catastrofica potrebbe presto verificarsi. Mastrolorenzo come Sheridan si dichiarano poi perplessi sul piano di evacuazione: 600 mila persone fanno parte dei comuni della zona rossa, alle pendici del vulcano, quelle per cui i piani della Protezione Civile hanno adoperato piani di fuga ad alto livello anche se Mastrolorenzo si dichiara scettico di una prova di fuga se, si tratta di fuggire all’improvviso tra una comune giornata di traffico napoletano.

 

Una dichiarazione che ha messo talmente in allerta i cittadini interessanti tanto che, onde evitare la sindrome da Vesuvio ha messo in moto chi di dovere per inviare a tutti un SMS per scongiurare l’imminenza del pericolo, quello che, direttamente sul Natonal Geographic Enzo Boschi, presidente dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia definisce un allarmismo inutile visto che un’eruzoine come quelle citate ha l’1% di possibilità di verificarsi.

 

Intanto sulla stampa le voci si rincorrono: Singolare che il National Geographic metta in discussione il piano di evacuazione che è stato aggiornato proprio lo scorso anno dalla protezione civile nazionale e che noi abbiamo recepito".A dirlo è l'assessore alla protezione civile della Provincia di Napoli, Francesco Emilio Borrelli, commentando l'articolo pubblicato dalla rivista scientifica e che mette in dubbio la validità del piano e annuncia il rischio di un'imminente eruzione del Vesuvio.Se davvero ci sono pericoli imminenti e c'è uno studio scientifico che li prova, allora si dia il tutto alla protezione civile affinché riveda il piano" ha poi sottolineato Borrelli per il quale "non si può ridurre il rischio di un'eruzione al lancio di una monetina, anche perchè, visto che non ci sono eruzioni significative dal 1631, ciò significherebbe che, da allora, se avessimo lanciato una monetina ogni anno, avremmo sempre avuto testa, una cosa smentita da tutte le statistiche.Il Vesuvio è un pericolo con il quale la provincia di Napoli convive da millenni e le Amministrazioni sono impegnate nell'individuare le strategie migliori per ridurre i rischi per la popolazione e per le nostre città" ha aggiunto l'assessore per il quale "non si devono mettere in giro voci che possono creare timori e allarmismi ingiustificati. Comunque, tutti gli studi vanno tenuti nella giusta considerazione e bisogna trarre indicazioni utili a migliorare i piani di emergenza previsti" ha precisato Borrelli aggiungendo che "le Istituzioni devono continuare a lavorare per rendere più sicuro il nostro territorio e per farsi trovare pronti in caso di emergenza” Ha poi sottolineato l'impegno dell'assessorato alla protezione civile che "sta installando in tutti i comuni della zona rossa, quella più a rischio, la segnaletica di emergenza, utilissima in caso di necessità, qualora si dovesse evacuare, nel giro di poche ore, centinaia di migliaia di persone.

Provocazione per provocazione, verrebbe da chiedersi: se è vero che c'è il rischio imminente di un'evacuazione, dobbiamo davvero prepararci a lasciare le nostre città; ha poi concluso Borrelli.

 

“Allo stato attuale nessun segnale si registra di una immediata ripresa delle attivita’ del Vesuvio - esplicita Marcello Martini, direttore dell’Osservatorio vesuviano - il nostro e’ un sistema di monitoraggio molto avanzato con turni del personale nell’arco di 24 ore”. Il vulcano partenopeo infatti e’ sorvegliato da una fitta rete di rilevatori sismici e delle deformazioni del suolo con stazioni fisse e mobili, nonche’ telecamere a infrarossi e campagne periodiche di analisi chimiche dei gas e delle fumarole. Barberi poi contrattacca punto per punto le tesi della rivista. “Hanno preso come riferimento l’eruzione pliniana, cioe’ la piu’ pericolosa e quella che si verifico’ nel 79 d.c. - dice - ma quella e’ la meno probabile.

Noi invece abbiamo tarato i piani di evacuazione rispetto quella subpliniana, simile a quella del 1631, l’ultima di questo tipo rilevata, che ha un indice di probabilita’ del 30%; la piu’ probabile e’ quella stromboliana violenta, che i dati indicano come possibile al 70%. Dunque la Protezione civile non ha sottovalutato nulla, anzi il contrario. E’ stato preso come paradigma un evento che e’ ragionevolmente il piu’ grave che potrebbe accadere e non il piu’ probabile. Il loro modo di procedere non e’ scientifico, visto che per la comunita’ dei vulcanologi l’eruzione pliniana e’ data all’1%”. Sui rischi per Napoli, l’ex capo della Protezione civile e’ ancora piu’ categorico. “Il nostro scenario di riferimento e’ l’eruzione del 1631 ma aggravata nei fenomeni - esemplifica - le colate piroclastiche non possono interessare Napoli; le ceneri non dovrebbero arrivarvi, perche’ la maggior parte dei depositi geologici della citta’ sono dell’area flegrea e le probabilita’ che in quota spirino venti dal vulcano verso ovest sono sotto l’1% dagli studi sui venti degli ultimi 10 anni; e sarebbe irresponsabile includere la citta’ nel rischio colate di fango”. (AGI)

 

Ma in tutto questo trambusto c’è qualcosa che a molti è sfuggito, una piccola didascalia del National riporta che “La Regione Campania offre incentivi per l’acquisto di una nuova casa ai residenti della “zona rossa” che accetteranno di trasferirsi altrove”. Bene. La regione offre 30.000 euro a chi accetta la proposta, molti lamentano che sia una cifra troppo bassa per investire nel mattone, ma i dati di fatto dichiarano che la diaspora napoletana nella colonizzazione del territorio campano sia cominciata: villette, case e anche i posti al cimitero siano invasi. Ma le cose non quadrano alla perfezione. Chi approfitta dell’incentivo regionale, compra una di queste abitazioni da tenere chiusa: una tenuta giusto per il week end o meglio ancora un’opportunità per instaurare fiorenti contratti di locazione mentre c’è chi si lamenta per gli sforzi immondi che ormai bisogna sottostare per accollarsi un mutuo ( una casa in centro ad Avellino costa ormai 2,400 euro al metro quadro mentre negli anni 90’ bastavano 200mila lire al metro quadro). <> mi confessa Dario che da 12 anni è sposato e da allora ha fittato una casa che gli costa 1.200 euro di affitto al mese, <>.

 

Ma c’è da dire che, con la storia dell’ICI da pagare sulle seconde case, il trucco di intestare una casa alla moglie e una al marito facendo risultare entrambe prima casa è una cosa risaputa.

 

Vesuvio o non Vesuvio, questo è il giro di valzer campano.

  

This article of mine appears in english on www.nowpublic.com/press/vesuvius-eruption-real-situation-...

 

and in italian on www.chiaramarra.splinder.com/post/13795886/L'Eruzione+del...

www.klump.photo

I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.

  

TASAWWUF

"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)

 

SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM

Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.

 

BIOGRAPHY

Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.

 

Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)

 

THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL

The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.

 

SHARIAH & SUFISM

Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.

 

ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE

Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.

 

WHAT’S SUFISM

Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).

 

ZIKR-E QALBI

However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’

 

PAS ANFAS

Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.

 

SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

 

SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)

The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.

 

THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH

1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).

 

THE SPIRIT OR RUH

The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.

 

LATAIF

The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.

 

FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD

There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.

 

SULOOK

Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.

  

ZIKR

Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.

 

KHALIFA MAJAZEEN

Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)

 

The approved names at that time included:

1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,

2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,

3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,

4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,

5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,

6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,

7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,

8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,

9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,

10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,

11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.

 

These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

I am not connected with medicine in anyway so I may well be misunderstanding the situation but, I feel that there is a discrepancy between the facts reported by the WHO and the research reported by the The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology [hot springs], Climatology and Physical Medicine.

 

The World Health Organisation states that "Your normal body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37.0°C regardless of the temperature of your bath or shower."

 

The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology [...] claims that a 10 minute bath at home can raise your temperature from 3.7°C to 37.5°C and the deep body temperature of subjects bathing in a large 42°C hot spring bath were found to rise from 37.1°C to 37.8°C, an increase of between 0.5°C and 0.7°C respectively (Shimasaki, et al., 2018, Fig. 2. p.66).

 

I also read in other research that baths of even 40°C can be dangerous, resulting in hyperthermia, organ failure and death, if people bathe too long, and that too long depends on a variety of factors. I am not connected with medicine in any way.

 

I also read that the temperature of fever decreases by 0.15 degrees per decade of age (Roghmann, Mackowski, & Warmer, 2001), and note that bats (O'Shea et al., 2014), who raise their temperature in flight to 41 Celsius, and children, who have fevers about 0.9 Celsius higher than humans in their 70's, tend to have mild symptoms and low mortality. I am not connected with medicine in any way.

 

Bibliography

Shimasaki, H., Mizuno, K., Mizutani, M., Nakamura, T., Maeda, K., Deguchi, A., ... & Mori, Y. (2018). Changes in Body Temperature and Arterial Blood Flow Rate of 42° C Bathing Comparison of a Hot Spring Plunge Bath and Home Bathtub Bath. The Journal of The Japanese Society of Balneology, Climatology and Physical Medicine, 81(2), 63-69. doi.org/10.11390/onki.2310

Roghmann, M. C., Mackowiak, P. A., & Warner, J. (2001). The relationship between age and fever magnitude. The American journal of the medical sciences, 322(2), 68-70. www.amjmedsci.com/article/S0002-9629(15)34610-3/abstract

O’Shea, T. J., Cryan, P. M., Cunningham, A. A., Fooks, A. R., Hayman, D. T., Luis, A. D., ... & Wood, J. L. (2014). Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses. Emerging infectious diseases, 20(5), 741. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012789/

World Health Organization. ( 2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: Myth busters. Downloaded 2020/2/13 from: www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/a.... www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002962915...

 

Addendum

The French Health Minister Recommends Paracetamol, but not Ibuprofen. I have no idea about ibuprofen, and I am not a doctor, but I don't understand the basis for the assumption that humans should lower their fever.

⚠️ #COVIDー19 | La prise d'anti-inflammatoires (ibuprofène, cortisone, ...) pourrait être un facteur d'aggravation de l’infection. En cas de fièvre, prenez du paracétamol. Si vous êtes déjà sous anti-inflammatoires ou en cas de doute, demandez conseil à votre médecin.— Olivier Véran (@olivierveran) March 14, 2020

 

See also Coronavirus and the Sun

medium.com/@ra.hobday/coronavirus-and-the-sun-a-lesson-fr...

and my comment there.

medium.com/@timtak_63737/could-it-be-fever-1e6eb33fc398?s...

I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.

  

TASAWWUF

"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)

 

SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM

Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.

 

BIOGRAPHY

Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.

 

Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)

 

THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL

The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.

 

SHARIAH & SUFISM

Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.

 

ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE

Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.

 

WHAT’S SUFISM

Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).

 

ZIKR-E QALBI

However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’

 

PAS ANFAS

Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.

 

SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

 

SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)

The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.

 

THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH

1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).

 

THE SPIRIT OR RUH

The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.

 

LATAIF

The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.

 

FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD

There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.

 

SULOOK

Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.

  

ZIKR

Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.

 

KHALIFA MAJAZEEN

Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)

 

The approved names at that time included:

1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,

2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,

3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,

4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,

5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,

6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,

7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,

8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,

9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,

10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,

11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.

 

These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

coiled metal basket i found discarded a while ago. it's about 25 cm in length and reasonably heavy.

  

in other news, it's been noted that mayor mcbigot has been hanging around with neo-nazis (other than those belonging to federal and provincial conservative parties). the white supremacist, true to form, claims that he isn't a bigot, in much the same manner that the mayor makes similar claims. since the magic of the internet is available, though, it's been easily proven over and over that jon latvis is a filthy fucking racist and like all bigots, doesn't have the courage to stand up for his odious beliefs when a light is shone on him. mayor rob ford, similarly cried out that it was all a big misunderstanding that he met with a neo-nazi - twice - and that the big mean media was once again picking on him unfairly.

 

bullshit. latvis played lead guitar and other instruments for rahowa, a white supremacist band, and wrote many of their lyrics. from 1990 on, latvis was a member of the band, has never divorced himself from their disgusting beliefs (until just now, and only in the form of lying about his history), and wrote many of their most bigoted songs. oh, and he has a tattoo of a swastika, which he claims is really a 'cross of thunder'. sure, kid. and your song triumph of the will is really all about rik emmett rewriting shakespeare.

 

as for ford, he's a stupid fucking liar, a bigot and like his skinhead buddy, too much of a chickenshit coward to stand up and say what he believes. instead, he expects that the right-wing press will play down the story, excuse his unforgiveable behaviour and make accusations against the people who brought the topic out in the open.

 

many thanks to anti-racist canada for starting the ball rolling, and to warren kinsella for spreading the story around. now magazine has pushed the news along after the usual assholes at the national post did nothing but claim that kinsella is a liberal spin doctor (no, they really made that a big point in their write-up), that ford loves meeting with citizens (as long as they're also hateful bigots), and restated the ridiculous claim that latvis gave ford and his handlers a different name. yeah, i'm sure that latvis bothered to engage in subterfuge because everyone knows that fuckhead ford would have checked into his background and been very professional about matters. the final claim from the ford (concentration) camp is also ridiculous - apparently latvis wanted to discuss transit with the mayor. no word on whether latvis and ford discussed shipping dissidents and other unsavoury characters to prison camps in boxcars, but i'm sure the mayor's office would just describe that as an improvement on lrts.

 

it's been interesting to watch the reaction from the city's jewish community. unfortunately the jewish press skews pro-conservative, and the mayor's henchmen were quick to offer an apology to the centre for israel and jewish affairs. cija, of course, quickly restated many of the points that the morons at the national post made, including an attempt to discredit kinsella. it's interesting that cija would brush aside rob ford's connection to a neo-nazi. politics does indeed make strange bedfellows, and i suppose it must just be expedient for a jewish advocacy group to make light of antisemitic hate group representatives when they are invited to meet with local politicians. true friends, indeed.

 

this fucking bigot ford needs to be removed from office. you might not be queer, jewish, female, a cyclist, a library user, a union member, italian, or a member of any other group who fuckface ford clearly hates, but as long as you're not a bigot, it's obvious that he is not a decent human being or fit for public office.

i shoot the sunflowers in a nearby garden every year. the spider hiding from the rain i didn't notice until i examined the shots at home.

 

in other news, it's been noted that mayor mcbigot has been hanging around with neo-nazis (other than those belonging to federal and provincial conservative parties). the white supremacist, true to form, claims that he isn't a bigot, in much the same manner that the mayor makes similar claims. since the magic of the internet is available, though, it's been easily proven over and over that jon latvis is a filthy fucking racist and like all bigots, doesn't have the courage to stand up for his odious beliefs when a light is shone on him. mayor rob ford, similarly cried out that it was all a big misunderstanding that he met with a neo-nazi - twice - and that the big mean media was once again picking on him unfairly.

 

bullshit. latvis played lead guitar and other instruments for rahowa, a white supremacist band, and wrote many of their lyrics. from 1990 on, latvis was a member of the band, has never divorced himself from their disgusting beliefs (until just now, and only in the form of lying about his history), and wrote many of their most bigoted songs. oh, and he has a tattoo of a swastika, which he claims is really a 'cross of thunder'. sure, kid. and your song triumph of the will is really all about rik emmett rewriting shakespeare.

 

as for ford, he's a stupid fucking liar, a bigot and like his skinhead buddy, too much of a chickenshit coward to stand up and say what he believes. instead, he expects that the right-wing press will play down the story, excuse his unforgiveable behaviour and make accusations against the people who brought the topic out in the open.

 

many thanks to anti-racist canada for starting the ball rolling, and to warren kinsella for spreading the story around. now magazine has pushed the news along after the usual assholes at the national post did nothing but claim that kinsella is a liberal spin doctor (no, they really made that a big point in their write-up), that ford loves meeting with citizens (as long as they're also hateful bigots), and restated the ridiculous claim that latvis gave ford and his handlers a different name. yeah, i'm sure that latvis bothered to engage in subterfuge because everyone knows that fuckhead ford would have checked into his background and been very professional about matters. the final claim from the ford (concentration) camp is also ridiculous - apparently latvis wanted to discuss transit with the mayor. no word on whether latvis and ford discussed shipping dissidents and other unsavoury characters to prison camps in boxcars, but i'm sure the mayor's office would just describe that as an improvement on lrts.

 

it's been interesting to watch the reaction from the city's jewish community. unfortunately the jewish press skews pro-conservative, and the mayor's henchmen were quick to offer an apology to the centre for israel and jewish affairs. cija, of course, quickly restated many of the points that the morons at the national post made, including an attempt to discredit kinsella. it's interesting that cija would brush aside rob ford's connection to a neo-nazi. politics does indeed make strange bedfellows, and i suppose it must just be expedient for a jewish advocacy group to make light of antisemitic hate group representatives when they are invited to meet with local politicians. true friends, indeed.

 

this fucking bigot ford needs to be removed from office. you might not be queer, jewish, female, a cyclist, a library user, a union member, italian, or a member of any other group who fuckface ford clearly hates, but as long as you're not a bigot, it's obvious that he is not a decent human being or fit for public office.

www.facebook.com/ImagesOfTheSubconscious

Photos and video taken at the 2011 White Eagle Pow-wow held in Central Iowa. In loving memory of their son, (Ralph Moisa III a.k.a. White Eagle) Ralph's parents organized a multicultural Pow-wow to honor their son's dream of breaking down the walls of misunderstanding and mend the "Sacred Hoop". The goal of the Pow-wow is to teach the "7th Generation" to be accepting and tolerant of differing cultures in an ever changing world. To bring races together to share their heritage and history through music, song, and dance. For additional information about this event, please see their website at www.whiteeaglepow-wow.org

This is the site of the former garage of Page Hunton which stopped selling fuel well over twenty years ago. I am still having trouble working out exactly how the layout of this site changed over the years but I think the building/house we see over to the right was extended both outwards and inwards over the years. That would mean the original forecourt shop was demolished and the huge units we see here now were built subsequently. It would seem, at least according to Google Maps, that three business share this site now, Bolts MOT and Service Centre, Shire Autos and East Coast Castings. I spoke to the chap who ran East Coast Castings and he gave me the impression that they now own the entire site, but that might be a misunderstanding on my part. Anyway, it was once a petrol station as you can see below, a rare sighting of the John Hudson brand that used to be reasonably prevalent in East Anglia up to the mid 1990s.

www.google.co.uk/maps/@52.5704945,0.8683466,3a,75y,239.72...

Sometimes the cats pass by each other with barely a look,

and other times they chase one another through the house

in play. Other times they hiss, and dare the other to make the first move.

But most of the time they just exchange a friendly sniff before

going on about their business.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

 

As people,our words originate in the heart.

Sometimes words come out that we don't mean to say.

The Holy Spirit works to purify our hearts and set our

thoughts right so that the words we say,and the actions

we take help and encourage and not cause misunderstandings,and hurt.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

 

"Let your speach be always with grace,seasoned with salt,that you may

know how you ought to answer every one. Colossians 4:6 The Holy Bible

 

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Wishing you all a great Friday,and a safe and blessed weekend !!!

Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides, off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It is mainly known for Iona Abbey, though there are other buildings on the island. Iona Abbey was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for three centuries and is today known for its relative tranquility and natural environment. It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats. Its modern Scottish Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised as "Icolmkill").

 

In 2019, the island's estimated population was 120. Residents engage in farming, using traditional methods. Other occupations include crofting and tourism-related work; some craftsmen make goods for sale locally, such as pottery, tapestries, jewellery and knitted goods. In March 1980, the Hugh Fraser Foundation donated much of the main island (and its off-lying islands) to the current owner, the National Trust for Scotland. The abbey and some church buildings are owned by the Iona Cathedral Trust.

 

One publication, describing the religious significance of the island, says that the island is "known as the birthplace of Celtic Christianity in Scotland,” and notes that “St Columba came here in the year 563 to establish the Abbey, which still stands".

 

Because the Hebrides have been successively occupied by speakers of several languages since the Iron Age, many of its islands’ names have more than one possible meaning. Nonetheless, few, if any, have accumulated as many different names over the centuries as the island now known in English as "Iona".

 

The place-name scholar William J. Watson has shown that the earliest recorded names of the island meant something like "yew-place". The element Ivo-, denoting "yew", occurs in inscriptions in the ogham alphabet (Iva-cattos, Iva-geni) and in Gaulish names (Ivo-rix, Ivo-magus); it may also be the basis of early Gaelic names like Eógan (ogham: Ivo-genos). The island's name may also be related to the name of a mythological figure, Fer hÍ mac Eogabail, the foster-son of Manannán, whose forename meaning "man of the yew".

 

Coates (2006) disputes the "yew" interpretation due to a lack of archeological evidence for yew on the island. Coates instead compares the Punic term ’y ("island, isolated place").

 

Mac an Tàilleir (2003) has analyzed the more recent Gaelic names of Ì, Ì Chaluim Chille and Eilean Idhe. He notes that the name Ì was "generally lengthened to avoid confusion" to Ì Chaluim Chille, which means "Calum's Iona" or "island of Calum's monastery". (“Calum”’s Latinized form is "Columba".) This confusion would have arisen because ì, the original name of the island, would have been confused with the now-obsolete Gaelic noun ì, meaning "island", which was derived from the Old Norse word for island (ey). Eilean Idhe means "the isle of Iona", also known as Ì nam ban bòidheach ("the isle of beautiful women"). The modern English name comes from yet another variant, Ioua, which arose either from Adomnán's 7th-century attempt to make the Gaelic name fit Latin grammar, or spontaneously, as a derivative of Ivova ("yew place"). The change in the island's name from Ioua' to Iona, which is attested from c.1274, resulted from a transcription error due to the similarity of "n" and "u" in Insular Minuscule script.

 

Despite the continuity of forms in Gaelic from the pre-Norse to the post-Norse era, Haswell-Smith (2004) speculates that the island’s name may be connected with the Norse word Hiōe, meaning "island of the den of the brown bear". The medieval English-language version of the name was "Icolmkill" (and variants thereof).

 

Murray (1966) claims that the "ancient" Gaelic name was Innis nan Druinich ("the isle of Druidic hermits"), but there is no evidence for the "ancient" use of such a name before the nineteenth century, when it appears in the New Statistical Account and it may arise from a misunderstanding of the name Cladh nan Druineach, which means 'burial ground of the embroideresses or artificers' – a cemetery on the east shore of the island. He also repeats a Gaelic story (which he admits is apocryphal) that as Columba's coracle first drew close to the island one of his companions cried out "Chì mi i" meaning "I see her" and that Columba's response was "Henceforth we shall call her Ì".

 

The geology of Iona is quite complex given the island's size and quite distinct from that of nearby Mull. About half of the island's bedrock is Scourian gneiss assigned to the Lewisian complex and dating from the Archaean eon making it some of the oldest rock in Britain and indeed Europe. Closely associated with these gneisses are mylonite and meta-anorthosite and melagabbro. Along the eastern coast facing Mull are steeply dipping Neoproterozoic age metaconglomerates, metasandstones, metamudstones and hornfelsed metasiltstones ascribed to the Iona Group, described traditionally as Torridonian. In the southwest and on parts of the west coast are pelites and semipelites of Archaean to Proterozoic age. There are small outcrops of Silurian age pink granite on southeastern beaches, similar to those of the Ross of Mull pluton cross the sound to the east. Numerous geological faults cross the island, many in a E-W or NW-SE alignment. Devonian aged microdiorite dykes are found in places and some of these are themselves cut by Palaeocene age camptonite and monchiquite dykes ascribed to the 'Iona-Ross of Mull dyke swarm’. More recent sedimentary deposits of Quaternary age include both present day beach deposits and raised marine deposits around Iona as well as some restricted areas of blown sand.

 

Iona lies about 2 kilometres (1 mile) from the coast of Mull. It is about 2 km (1 mi) wide and 6 km (4 mi) long with a resident population of 125. Like other places swept by ocean breezes, there are few trees; most of them are near the parish church.

 

Iona's highest point is Dùn Ì, 101 m (331 ft), an Iron Age hill fort dating from 100 BC – AD 200. Iona's geographical features include the Bay at the Back of the Ocean and Càrn Cùl ri Éirinn (the Hill/Cairn of [turning the] Back to Ireland), said to be adjacent to the beach where St. Columba first landed.

 

The main settlement, located at St. Ronan's Bay on the eastern side of the island, is called Baile Mòr and is also known locally as "The Village". The primary school, post office, the island's two hotels, the Bishop's House and the ruins of the Nunnery are here. The Abbey and MacLeod Centre are a short walk to the north. Port Bàn (white port) beach on the west side of the island is home to the Iona Beach Party.

 

There are numerous offshore islets and skerries: Eilean Annraidh (island of storm) and Eilean Chalbha (calf island) to the north, Rèidh Eilean and Stac MhicMhurchaidh to the west and Eilean Mùsimul (mouse holm island) and Soa Island to the south are amongst the largest. The steamer Cathcart Park carrying a cargo of salt from Runcorn to Wick ran aground on Soa on 15 April 1912, the crew of 11 escaping in two boats.

 

On a map of 1874, the following territorial subdivision is indicated (from north to south):

Ceann Tsear (East Head)

Sliabh Meanach (Middle Mountain)

Machar (Low-lying Grassy Plain)

Sliginach (Shelly Area)

Sliabh Siar (Rear Mountain)

Staonaig (Sloping Ground)

 

In the early Historic Period Iona lay within the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata, in the region controlled by the Cenél Loairn (i.e. Lorn, as it was then). The island was the site of a highly important monastery (see Iona Abbey) during the Early Middle Ages. The monastery was founded in 563 by the monk Columba, also known as Colm Cille, who sailed here from Ireland to live the monastic life. Much later legends (a thousand years later, and without any good evidence) said that he had been exiled from his native Ireland as a result of his involvement in the Battle of Cul Dreimhne. Columba and twelve companions went into exile on Iona and founded a monastery there. The monastery was hugely successful, and may have played a role in the conversion to Christianity of the Picts and Gaels of present-day Scotland in the late 6th century, and was certainly central to the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in 635. Many satellite institutions were founded, and Iona became the centre of one of the most important monastic systems in Great Britain and Ireland.

 

Iona became a renowned centre of learning, and its scriptorium produced highly important documents, probably including the original texts of the Iona Chronicle, thought to be the source for the early Irish annals. The monastery is often associated with the distinctive practices and traditions known as Celtic Christianity. In particular, Iona was a major supporter of the "Celtic" system for calculating the date of Easter at the time of the Easter controversy, which pitted supporters of the Celtic system against those favoring the "Roman" system used elsewhere in Western Christianity. The controversy weakened Iona's ties to Northumbria, which adopted the Roman system at the Synod of Whitby in 664, and to Pictland, which followed suit in the early 8th century. Iona itself did not adopt the Roman system until 715, according to the Anglo-Saxon historian Bede. Iona's prominence was further diminished over the next centuries as a result of Viking raids and the rise of other powerful monasteries in the system, such as the Abbey of Kells.

 

The Book of Kells may have been produced or begun on Iona towards the end of the 8th century. Around this time the island's exemplary high crosses were sculpted; these may be the first such crosses to contain the ring around the intersection that became characteristic of the "Celtic cross". The series of Viking raids on Iona began in 794 and, after its treasures had been plundered many times, Columba's relics were removed and divided two ways between Scotland and Ireland in 849 as the monastery was abandoned.

 

As the Norse domination of the west coast of Scotland advanced, Iona became part of the Kingdom of the Isles. The Norse Rex plurimarum insularum Amlaíb Cuarán died in 980 or 981 whilst in "religious retirement" on Iona. Nonetheless, the island was sacked twice by his successors, on Christmas night 986 and again in 987. Although Iona was never again important to Ireland, it rose to prominence once more in Scotland following the establishment of the Kingdom of Scotland in the later 9th century; the ruling dynasty of Scotland traced its origin to Iona, and the island thus became an important spiritual centre for the new kingdom, with many of its early kings buried there. However, a campaign by Magnus Barelegs led to the formal acknowledgement of Norwegian control of Argyll, in 1098.

 

Somerled, the brother-in-law of Norway's governor of the region (the King of the Isles), launched a revolt, and made the kingdom independent. A convent for Augustinian nuns was established in about 1208, with Bethóc, Somerled's daughter, as first prioress. The present buildings are of the Benedictine abbey, Iona Abbey, from about 1203, dissolved at the Reformation.

 

On Somerled's death, nominal Norwegian overlordship of the Kingdom was re-established, but de facto control was split between Somerled's sons, and his brother-in-law.

 

Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth the Hebrides were transferred from Norwegian to Scottish overlordship. At the end of the century, King John Balliol was challenged for the throne by Robert the Bruce. By this point, Somerled's descendants had split into three groups, the MacRory, MacDougalls, and MacDonalds. The MacDougalls backed Balliol, so when he was defeated by de Bruys, the latter exiled the MacDougalls and transferred their island territories to the MacDonalds; by marrying the heir of the MacRorys, the heir of the MacDonalds re-unified most of Somerled's realm, creating the Lordship of the Isles, under nominal Scottish authority. Iona, which had been a MacDougall territory (together with the rest of Lorn), was given to the Campbells, where it remained for half a century.

 

In 1354, though in exile and without control of his ancestral lands, John, the MacDougall heir, quitclaimed any rights he had over Mull and Iona to the Lord of the Isles (though this had no meaningful effect at the time). When Robert's son, David II, became king, he spent some time in English captivity; following his release, in 1357, he restored MacDougall authority over Lorn. The 1354 quitclaim, which seems to have been an attempt to ensure peace in just such an eventuality, took automatic effect, splitting Mull and Iona from Lorn, and making it subject to the Lordship of the Isles. Iona remained part of the Lordship of the Isles for the next century and a half.

 

Following the 1491 Raid on Ross, the Lordship of the Isles was dismantled, and Scotland gained full control of Iona for the second time. The monastery and nunnery continued to be active until the Reformation, when buildings were demolished and all but three of the 360 carved crosses destroyed. The Augustine nunnery now only survives as a number of 13th century ruins, including a church and cloister. By the 1760s little more of the nunnery remained standing than at present, though it is the most complete remnant of a medieval nunnery in Scotland.

 

After a visit in 1773, the English writer Samuel Johnson remarked:

 

The island, which was once the metropolis of learning and piety, now has no school for education, nor temple for worship.

He estimated the population of the village at 70 families or perhaps 350 inhabitants.

 

In the 19th century green-streaked marble was commercially mined in the south-east of Iona; the quarry and machinery survive, see 'Marble Quarry remains' below.

 

Abbey and other ecclesiastical properties and the marble quarry, or to enjoy the nine beaches that are within walking distance of the main area.

 

Iona Abbey, now an ecumenical church, is of particular historical and religious interest to pilgrims and visitors alike. It is the most elaborate and best-preserved ecclesiastical building surviving from the Middle Ages in the Western Isles of Scotland. Though modest in scale in comparison to medieval abbeys elsewhere in Western Europe, it has a wealth of fine architectural detail, and monuments of many periods. The 8th Duke of Argyll presented the sacred buildings and sites of the island to the Iona Cathedral trust in 1899. Historic Environment Scotland also recommends visiting the Augustinian nunnery, "the most complete nunnery complex to survive in Scotland". It was founded at the same time as the Abbey; many ruins from the 14th century are visible. The nunnery declined after the Scottish Reformation but was still used as a burial place for women.

 

In front of the Abbey stands the 9th-century St Martin's Cross, one of the best-preserved Celtic crosses in the British Isles, and a replica of the 8th-century St John's Cross (original fragments in the Abbey museum).

 

The ancient burial ground, called the Rèilig Odhrain (Eng: Oran's "burial place" or "cemetery"), contains the 12th-century chapel of St Odhrán (said to be Columba's uncle), restored at the same time as the Abbey itself. It contains a number of medieval grave monuments. The abbey graveyard is said to contain the graves of many early Scottish Kings, as well as Norse kings from Ireland and Norway. Iona became the burial site for the kings of Dál Riata and their successors. Notable burials there include:

 

Cináed mac Ailpín, king of the Picts (also known today as "Kenneth I of Scotland")

Domnall mac Causantín, alternatively "king of the Picts" or "king of Scotland" ("Donald II")

Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, king of Scotland ("Malcolm I")

Donnchad mac Crínáin, king of Scotland ("Duncan I")

Mac Bethad mac Findlaích, king of Scotland ("Macbeth")

Domnall mac Donnchada, king of Scotland ("Donald III")

John Smith, Labour Party Leader

 

In 1549 an inventory of 48 Scottish, 8 Norwegian and 4 Irish kings was recorded. None of these graves are now identifiable (their inscriptions were reported to have worn away at the end of the 17th century). Saint Baithin and Saint Failbhe may also be buried on the island. The Abbey graveyard is also the final resting place of John Smith, the former Labour Party leader, who loved Iona. His grave is marked with an epitaph quoting Alexander Pope: "An honest man's the noblest work of God".

 

Limited archaeological investigations commissioned by the National Trust for Scotland found some evidence for ancient burials in 2013. The excavations, conducted in the area of Martyrs Bay, revealed burials from the 6th–8th centuries, probably jumbled up and reburied in the 13–15th centuries.

 

Other early Christian and medieval monuments have been removed for preservation to the cloister arcade of the Abbey, and the Abbey museum (in the medieval infirmary). The ancient buildings of Iona Abbey are now cared for by Historic Environment Scotland (there is an entrance charge to visit them).

 

The remains of a marble quarrying enterprise are present in a small bay on the south-east shore of Iona. The quarry is the source of 'Iona Marble', a translucent green and white stone, much used in brooches and other jewellery. The stone has been known of for centuries and was credited with healing and other powers. While the quarry had been used in a small way, it was not until around the end of the 18th century when it was opened up on a more industrial scale by the Duke of Argyle. The difficulties of extracting the hard stone and transporting it meant that the scheme was short lived. Another attempt was started in 1907, this time more successful with considerable quantities of stone extracted and indeed exported. The First World War impacted the quarry, with little quarrying after 1914 and the operation finally closed in 1919. A painting showing the quarry in operation, The Marble Quarry, Iona (1909) by David Young Cameron, is in the collection of Cartwright Hall art gallery in Bradford. The site has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

 

The island, other than the land owned by the Iona Cathedral Trust, was purchased from the Duke of Argyll by Hugh Fraser in 1979 and donated to the National Trust for Scotland. In 2001 Iona's population was 125 and by the time of the 2011 census this had grown to 177 usual residents. During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702. The estimated permanent population in 2020 was 120.

 

The island's tourism bureau estimated that roughly 130,000 visitors arrived each year. Many tourists come to visit the Abbey and other ecclesiastical properties and the marble quarry, or to enjoy the nine beaches that are within walking distance of the main area.

 

Not to be confused with the local island community, Iona (Abbey) Community is based within Iona Abbey.

 

In 1938 George MacLeod founded the Iona Community, an ecumenical Christian community of men and women from different walks of life and different traditions in the Christian church committed to seeking new ways of living the Gospel of Jesus in today's world. This community is a leading force in the present Celtic Christian revival.

 

The Iona Community runs three residential centres on the Isle of Iona and on Mull, where one can live together in community with people of every background from all over the world. Weeks at the centres often follow a programme related to the concerns of the Iona Community.

 

The 8 tonne Fallen Christ sculpture by Ronald Rae was permanently situated outside the MacLeod Centre in February 2008.

 

Visitors can reach Iona by the 10-minute ferry trip across the Sound of Iona from Fionnphort on Mull. The most common route from the mainland is via Oban in Argyll and Bute, where regular ferries connect to Craignure on Mull, from where the scenic road runs 37 miles (60 kilometres) to Fionnphort. Tourist coaches and local bus services meet the ferries.

 

Car ownership is lightly regulated, with no requirement for a MOT Certificate or payment of Road Tax for cars kept permanently on the island, but vehicular access is restricted to permanent residents and there are few cars. Visitors are not allowed to bring vehicles onto the island although "blue badge holders with restricted mobility ... may apply for a permit under certain exemptions". Visitors will find the village, the shops, the post office, the cafe, the hotels and the abbey are all within walking distance. Bike hire is available at the pier, and on Mull. Taxi service is also available.

 

Conde Nast Traveller recommends the island for its "peaceful atmosphere ... a popular place for spiritual retreats" but also recommends the "sandy beaches, cliffs, rocks, fields and bogs ... "wildflowers and birds such as the rare corncrake and puffins" as well as the "abundance of sea life".

 

The Iona Council advises visitors that they can find a campsite (at Cnoc Oran), a hostel (at Lagandorain), family run bed and breakfasts, and two hotels on the island in addition to several self-catering houses. The agency also mentions that distances are short, with the Abbey a mere 10 minutes’ walk from the pier. Tourists can rent bikes or use the local taxi.

 

The island of Iona has played an important role in Scottish landscape painting, especially during the Twentieth Century. As travel to north and west Scotland became easier from the mid C18 on, artists' visits to the island steadily increased. The Abbey remains in particular became frequently recorded during this early period. Many of the artists are listed and illustrated in the valuable book, Iona Portrayed – The Island through Artists' Eyes 1760–1960, which lists over 170 artists known to have painted on the island.

 

The C20 however saw the greatest period of influence on landscape painting, in particular through the many paintings of the island produced by F C B Cadell and S J Peploe, two of the ‘Scottish Colourists’. As with many artists, both professional and amateur, they were attracted by the unique quality of light, the white sandy beaches, the aquamarine colours of the sea and the landscape of rich greens and rocky outcrops. While Cadell and Peploe are perhaps best known, many major Scottish painters of the C20 worked on Iona and visited many times – for example George Houston, D Y Cameron, James Shearer, John Duncan and John Maclauchlan Milne, among many.

 

Samuel Johnson wrote "That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plains of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warmer amid the ruins of Iona."

 

In Jules Verne's novel The Green Ray, the heroes visit Iona in chapters 13 to 16. The inspiration is romantic, the ruins of the island are conducive to daydreaming. The young heroine, Helena Campbell, argues that Scotland in general and Iona in particular are the scene of the appearance of goblins and other familiar demons.

 

In Jean Raspail's novel The Fisherman's Ring (1995), his cardinal is one of the last to support the antipope Benedict XIII and his successors.

 

In the novel The Carved Stone (by Guillaume Prévost), the young Samuel Faulkner is projected in time as he searches for his father and lands on Iona in the year 800, then threatened by the Vikings.

 

"Peace of Iona" is a song written by Mike Scott that appears on the studio album Universal Hall and on the live recording Karma to Burn by The Waterboys. Iona is the setting for the song "Oran" on the 1997 Steve McDonald album Stone of Destiny.

 

Kenneth C. Steven published an anthology of poetry entitled Iona: Poems in 2000 inspired by his association with the island and the surrounding area.

 

Iona is featured prominently in the first episode ("By the Skin of Our Teeth") of the celebrated arts series Civilisation: A Personal View by Kenneth Clark (1969).

 

Iona is the setting of Jeanne M. Dams' Dorothy Martin mystery Holy Terror of the Hebrides (1998).

 

The Academy Award–nominated Irish animated film The Secret of Kells is about the creation of the Book of Kells. One of the characters, Brother Aidan, is a master illuminator from Iona Abbey who had helped to illustrate the Book, but had to escape the island with it during a Viking invasion.

 

Frances Macdonald the contemporary Scottish artist based in Crinian, Argyll, regularly paints landscapes on Iona.

 

Neil Gaiman's poem "In Relig Odhrain", published in Trigger Warning: Short Fictions and Disturbances (2015), retells the story of Oran's death, and the creation of the chapel on Iona. This poem was made into a short stop-motion animated film, released in 2019.

 

Iona's local golf course was featured on Season 7's Adventure's in Golf by documentary filmmaker, Erik Anders Lang.

Once Sir Joseph of Baeth learnt of Lenfald's separation, he feared that Djorn and Roger were in danger on their way to Garheim. This fear was realized when he received a note stating that the traveling duo had in fact been captured at the Lenfald-Loreos border and were being held for ransom at the old Garhim embassy; roughly ten miles north along the western coast. At this same time Joseph had received an order to go fishing in Lenfald in order to spy on the province. Figuring this was a perfect time to do so, he proceeded to hire a crew, pack his wares and fishing rods, and load up the Rogue Spur for the rescue of Roger and Djorn.....

 

Several weeks had passed since their departure from Dalmunatha. It took time for Joseph to sail far enough south in order to steer clear of the Magic Isles and plot a very careful course through the Sea of Despair to reach the safer coasts of the Western side of Roawia. Upon arrival to the cliffs that held the old Garhim embassy, its banners changed to the colors of Lenfald, Joseph told his crew to prepare to be boarded with weapons at the ready- if they had previously kicked the Garhims out of the embassy, who knows what they would do to them as Loreesis.

 

Surprisingly enough however, Sir Joseph and his crew were met with open arms as they docked to the old embassy with dock hands helping to immediately unload the sea-wary contents of their journey. Djorn and Roger were waiting along the lookout just above the docks holding on to two beautiful women each with giant grins on their faces. Standing next to them was a Lenfel knight with a light grey beard and swept back hair, wearing black lapels, noting him as a higher lord. He yelled out, "What ho Sir Joseph! How thee fare on this fine day?! Did thy winds give you quick course to mighty Lenfald?!"

 

Not sure if this was a ruse or sincere question Joseph knew to keep his tongue witty and his sword close for this encounter. He called back to the lord,

"Greetings noble Lenfel! The winds were sure in helping us get 'ere at the best pace it could!" He began to walk up the stairs to talk to the noble more clearly, "I dont think we have had the pleasure of acquaintance, I am Sir Joseph of Baeth, merchant and knight of Loreos. I was requested to come rescue my two colleagues here, who seem to have both made themselves rather comfortable. I feel I have brought more than enough gold and treasure to negotiate with for their immediate release. Exactly who do I have the pleasure of doing business with my lord?"

 

At this, the "captured" duo had begun laughing while the noble wrapped an arm around the confused Joseph and gave out a hearty laugh too. Gathering himself, the high lord finally spoke to Joseph, "Nay Sir Joseph! Yer friends aren't our prisoners! Why they have been great fun in our little castle! That note was written just to scare ye to get yer booty out here sooner! Twas a big misunderstanding that has happened since the separation of Lenfald from the nations of Roawia. Thou first think we kicked out the Garhims from their embassy, tis a false accusation- all the occupants left when Garheim was in most dire trouble with the Queen's soldiers. We took up residence because we didnt want them damn filthy Dragon soldiers to find and take root in this abandoned outpost.."

 

He turned and gestured to Roger and Djorn, "And the capturing of these two twas a complete accident, I had not yet returned from the council meeting so when word of our separation began to incorrectly spread- the local militias deemed it best to start building a wall and patrolling the Lorseesi-Lenfel border which is where your companions were taken. Our most sincere apologies for this mistake, we do not request any form of ransom and if you'd like you can set up a booth in the courtyard and sell thy wares! Stay awhile and let thy crew rest from your long journey! Im sure many 'ere would love to buy some gems and trinkets! AH I almost forgot the pleasantries, I am Lord Jon of House Dragmar.'

 

Surprised at this revelation and indeed tired from his journey here, Joseph was still suspicious of this Lord Jon and those Lenfels around him. He decided it would be best to accept the invitation and let the crew rest for a few days so he could dig a bit deeper into the mystery that Lenfald had become... He accepted the high lord's apology and invitation to set up shop and rest for a couple days. He finished by giving a sly grin and asking a single question, "So Lord Jon, I have heard that Lenfald's western shores are home to some of the best fishing the realm has ever seen! I just so happen to have my fishing rods with me, would you be up for a spot of fishing tomorrow?"

 

The old Lenfel replied, "Well of course we have the world's best fishing! I will take you up on that offer Sir Joseph! Tomorrow at mid morning we shall fish!"

 

.......

 

It was summertime in Roawia and like the other nations, Lenfald's denizens were enjoying this time of peace. This gave the old embassy a very festive feel. Merchants were selling their wares, people were milling about and talking, children were laughing; jesters juggled and told jokes, the men were having fun practicing their archery and sword skills. Roger had met a cute baker so while he managed Joseph's booth, he allowed her to sell bread to hungry customers. Djorn was off of his shift so he resumed courting the fair ladies he had previously been seen with.

 

The Garhims had set up a rather good system of agriculture here so many were tending and harvesting the varieties of produce and food that was growing around the castle though the guard presence was quite large for such a small outpost...Joseph noticed this.

 

Just a few meters down from the dock that held the Rogue Spur was a wooden outlook that jutted out over the cliffs, a perfect spot for fishing. It was here that Lord Jon and Sir Joseph had cast out their lines and began to wait for something to bite.

 

"Ahhh... a lovely day ain't it Lord Jon?" Asked Joseph. Slipping the objective of spying to Roger and Djorn late in the night, he knew that the information the three could collect would be valuable to his Areani allies. Joseph had also given the Lord some of his strongest Loreesi ale at breakfast to loosen him up before their little fishing excursion.

 

"Yes, tis a great day after all Sir Joseph! Nothing quite like men of stature relishing in the simple enjoyments of the commoners."

 

Looking away, Joseph rolled his eyes and nodded. "Aye milord, tis always a surreal experience. Tell thee, what dost thou think of Lenfald's separation from the Roawia?"

 

"Not much to be honest with ya lad. Everyone be a little tenser with being afraid of how the other nations will react, but we will all get along in the end Im sure. I will tell ya what Joseph, I dont give much trust to them Loreesi or Garhim diplomats and politicians. Tis the tried and true men of Roawia, those who work its land and seas that I trust the most. Men like you lad... I will tell you this though my new friend, something you'd like to hear but cannot tell anyone..."

 

He leaned in close to Joseph, so close Joseph could smell the Loreesi ale on the high lord's breath.

 

"I heard something remarkable has happened that gives reason for the sudden movements of Lenfald's ships-- the reason why there wasn't a vessel stationed here upon your arrival. There are trusted rumors that us Lenfel's have discovered something." He pointed out to the sea, "Something out there...-"

 

His sentence was cut off by Joseph being startled by the sudden jerking of his fishing line. "AHA! I believe I caught me a fish!" He yelled as he pulled up a medium sized fish.

 

Broke from his drunken trance, Lord Jon exclaimed, "Oi! That is a fine lookin fish me boy! Let us cook it up and get more of that fancy ale of yours!"

 

__________________________

 

First off, sorry for the rather long story! But it is needed for the continuation of Sir Joseph of Baeth's story which will probably be shorter in upcoming installments.

 

(Also, apologies for the kind of crappy pics- my actual camera isnt working and my light box didnt fit this size MOC so a lot of photoshop was used in the first pic so sorry about that.)

 

Secondly, Wow! This was a big entry to both the Loreos Local Challenge LCXXII and the second Journeyman task of the Merchants guild!

 

This was originally apart of a display last year for a local Lego event here in the Northern Colorado area but I never got around to posting it as life got in the way and I wasn't sure how to incorporate this into my character's story at the time. The base had been sitting around while the original castle was taken down to build something for my next Merchants Guild task.

 

It was really my first attempt at building an actual castle for once and since it was intended for a display- I wanted an open area for easy viewing while keeping the castle modular so that is why it doesnt really have a keep or anything. But after my quick redux I think it turned out quite well!

 

If you've made it this far thanks so much for viewing! It's good to be actively building again and there is still quite a bit in store! :)

Maulana Noor Muhammad Shaheed Wazir South Waziristan Wana

 

The Speech of Hazrat Maulana Noor Muhammad Sahib

 

Dated: March 2, 2007

 

Topic No 4: The ruinous effects of sectarianism on the Muslims:

 

Verse: ( )

 

Translation:

 

Saying of the holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) : ( )

 

Translation:

 

Respected Brothers! I recited a verse from the holy Quran and a saying of the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) before you people. While explaining the verse and the ‘Hadith’, I want to turn your attention to an important point. Simultaneously it should be kept in mind that there are certain things which could be easily grasped during a speech but on occasion a subject matter of a speech is complicated enough that it can be understand only after paying due concentration to it. And the topic today is also a bit complicated one that is why, try to listen carefully.

 

The ruinous effects of sectarianism on the collective life of Muslims:

 

Respected fellows! It is a historical fact that like the Muslims, Non-Muslims has also suffered sectarianism from the times long ago. What the Jews and Christian did to one other by committing cruelties against each other, is a stigma on the face of humanity. The holocaust (general massacre of Jews) is even talked about on high level forums today and its various aspects are discussed. And there is also a long history of scientists, who were flayed alive as a punishment for proving facts against the established theories of the church of that time. But after excelling in knowledge and wisdom and the great industrial revolution in Europe and other Western countries, they, in order to get rid of these (historical) dissentions, have also removed the remaining teachings of Christianity from their lives and relegate it to the religious places and formal worship only. Historians held those people accountable for putting the teachings of Christianity into oblivion, which according to them were responsible for its propagation.

 

On the other hand they (Western countries) when looked up toward the Muslims and found them comprising about one-fourth of the world population, inhabited in about 60 free states of the world and that they (Muslims) have also a large part of natural resources in their possession. They thought that if the power of Muslims treaded the path of development, than it can never be challenged and fight out. For this reason, through a well chalked out plan efforts were made that the power should not get united and such conditions were created that misunderstanding prop up between the Muslim countries at

 

(2)

 

the international level and internally they also confronted issues of various magnitude. And resultantly the energies that were meant to be utilized for national development were made to waste away on internal disorders. Yes, it is another question to be answered yet as to who provided the opportunity to Non-Muslims to ruin the abilities of the Muslims. If the ‘Muslim Umma’ (Muslim nation across the world) itself was conscious to the situation by not providing such an opportunity to the aliens, can anyone be successful in rendering Muslims to the sorry state of affairs? I will say, not at all.

 

For example if both sects of ‘Ahl-i-Sunnat Wal-Jamat’ and ‘Ahl-i-Tashie’ in Pakistan come up with seriousness of purpose and thought over it that the mutual differences have been lingering on for the last 1300 years and none of them have succeeded in changing the stand of each other, so there should be a middle way opted wherein people from every sect could follow their own way amicably and the creation of bad blood could also be averted. By such thinking they might not give an opportunity to any alien people to increase the rift between them, if any such hands were involved in their differences.

 

The same goes true for those people who are after creating causes of destruction of the power of the country (Pakistan) by playing upon linguistic and racial gourds either consciously or unconsciously.

 

Now the question arise here as to who provided the opportunity to others to scatter such a big strength of the Muslims? The answer is simple and clear. The ‘Umma’ has put into oblivion and ignored altogether the directives given by Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah and the prophet of Islam Muhammad (SAW) some 1400 years ago for the inclusive guidance of Muslims.

 

Apart from the point of view of basis of faith, the virility of the saying can also be proved from the perspective of scientific research. It is a common principle applied by the world today that every company provide a booklet to their customers along with the goods they buy, in which it is directed as to how the product can be utilized in a best way along with enhancing its efficiency. In the light of the same principle if a human being which is the creation of Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah, avoid the rules and regulations of life told to him in the shape of holy Quran and have the expectation that he might have a successful life both in this world and the world to come, perhaps there can be no bigger mistake than this.

 

If a machine can not be expected to work efficiency while ignoring the directives of its usage given in a booklet by the company, than it is also unwise to expect success while ignoring the leading principles of life told by Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah. In short, when the Muslims ignored following divine rules and regulations, they could not compete the fraud and deceit of Satan and fall into the ditch of ruins and destruction.

 

One thing also to be kept before that the world of today has become a global village. Muslims range in millions in Non-Muslim countries and likewise a large number of Non-

 

(3)

 

Muslims also live in Muslim countries. These countries depend upon one another in many sectors. If the Eastern countries are in need of Western technology than the latter are depended on the former countries for men power.

 

If the Western countries think that the Muslims living there will not feel it by whatever they do in Muslim countries by using various names for it than it is a big mistake on their part. If they, despite knowing every thing, is ignoring it, than it still further a mistake they are committing because it will bring to an end the passions of goodwill for one another and its future spell out will also cast far fetching negative results for the whole world.

 

Allah knows better as to what turn it will take while watching today the dreadful picture of extremism in Muslim countries revealing itself as a reaction. What is happening today was never imagine some ten years back. A dream of peaceful life is possible only when the whole of mankind live with peace and calm. It is not possible that on one hand Western people enjoy their lives and on the other hand the lives of Muslims should be made miserable.

 

And the reason as to why this tendency of extremism started in Muslim countries in general and Pakistan in particular can be easily found. It is known to every one that in the wake of Russia invasion on Afghanistan in 1978, both European countries and America were so frightened that without taking into account the pros and cons of their doings they provided every kind of facility for fulfilling war requirements to the border line tribes of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Training centers were opened for them and youths from Arab countries were send to Afghanistan and Pakistan with boosting their passions for ‘Jihad’. Piles of modern weaponry were made at the border area of Pakistan and Afghanistan and the natural warfare capacity of all the tribal youths in general and Waziristan in particular was fully availed.

 

But upon the defeat of Russia, the charged up Afghans were left in a lurch to kill each other and no effort was made to put the passions of these people directed toward some positive achievements.

 

In a nutshell whatever these Western countries harvested for their personal interests is reaping now along with their allied countries today. Why to blame the Muslim countries now. There is a need of the thing today as like the youths were charged up with passions of Afghan Jihad earlier, so like a strategy, better than the former, should be made and such environment be created by this that nobody may have the feeling of being victimized.

 

America and European countries should play such role with sincerity of purpose regarding the Palestine and Kashmir issues that the people of these region may become contented by watching justice has been done to them. And regarding Afghanistan such policy should be chalk out due to which the feelings of Afghan people that they are being subject to foreign occupation may not give impetus to their sense of honor to fight.

   

(4)

 

By acting upon teachings of Quran and Hadees, Muslims can not be overcome:

 

It should be clear that Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah has given such rules and regulations to the Muslim nationhood that if followed by them than all the plans of their enemies would come to nothing. Either these enemies may be in shape of human beings or being in shape of a Satan.

 

These golden principles has been mentioned in the verse which I recited before you. Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah says:

 

Verse: ( )

 

Translation:

 

Muslims should bear brotherly attitude toward one another due to the religion of Islam:

 

The above mentioned verse has been very aptly explained by holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) through an example. The prophet Muhammad (SAW) while stressing upon brotherhood and unity among the Muslims says:

 

Hadith: ( )

 

Translation: “The example of believers in their sympathy, love and affection and kindness with one another is like a single body (of a person). If an organ of a body suffers some pain than the whole body become restless and get involved in pain and temperature (illness) with it”.

 

i-e it is not possible for example that an eye may suffer a pain and the rest of the parts of a body remain at ease.

 

The comprehensiveness of the Hadith:

 

Respected fellows! The above mentioned Hadith is so comprehensive that if the Muslim nationhood ponders over it they might come to a right path to a large extent in their mutual relationship and activities. It is however necessary that we should not limit our eyes to the apparent translation of the Hadith only but try to have in-depth look into it. If we keep before the real aim of a Hadith (saying of the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) than it will have benefit for us in a larger perspective and the people to come will also get benefit of it. The prophet Muhammad (SAW) has termed it understanding of the religion by developing in-depth looking into every directive of the religion of Islam.

 

(5)

 

The holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) says:

 

Hadees: ( )

 

Translation:

 

Here is a subtle point to make clear that the prophet Muhammad (SAW) did not say that whenever Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah intend to do kindness to anyone than he is given the knowledge of the religion. But the prophet says like that that he is given understanding of the religion.

 

From the point of view of knowledge the apparent meaning of the Hadith is all clear, i-e that all the Muslims should be brotherly with one another and should come up with love and affection for one another. But in the said Hadith there is a large sea of meaning and aim present regarding the understanding of the religion which we take for understanding the religion of Islam.

 

It is of common observation that people in this world vary regarding their color, race and languages. Even offspring of same parents do differ in their appearances. Likewise there are also various schools of thoughts in the religion; someone follow Imam Abu Khaneefa (May Allah bless him) and the other are followers of Imam Shafi (May Allah bless him). Some people are associated with the school of thought of Ahl-Hadith, which are not even followers of any religion, and there are also a good number of people related to the Shitte school of thought and many are those having outlook of Sunni school of thought. There are also separate differences from the view point of Deobandee and Brailvee School of thoughts. The same can be said about political parties as some of these belong to the right wing while others to the left wing.

 

There are also differences present at regional level among the people in one shape or the other. These few of the examples give us hint as to how much differences there are. From the perspective of Islamic viewpoint it is one of the best things if there are no differences occur among the Muslim community but if it occurs than it should be kept in limitation and because of such differences the brotherhood of Muslims should not get shattered. Because despite the difference of opinion, Muslims are in need of one another for their survival like the parts of a body.

 

It is however lamentable that the Muslims did not contain the difference of opinion in its limits but on the contrary every one is bent upon declaring the other is wayward. Every one spent their energies on as to how to make humble a group having difference of opinion other than them.

 

Like parts of a body there is a status specified for every person in a given society:

 

(6)

 

Respected fellows! The thinking of being superior has put the Muslims today in a variety of problems. Every organization, group and followers of every school of thought have the viewpoint that it is they who are doing the real work and as such the whole of the credit should go to them.

 

While keeping in view the example given in the Hadith, the current condition and role of Muslims can be reformed in a best way. It is in a way that there is no doubt in the minds of anybody that all the organs in a human body are precious one and if (Allah forbid) any organ become dysfunctional than along with handicapping of the body the beauty of it is also affected. For example there are many organs both internal and external in a body of human being including mouth, nose, eyes, hands and feet and each one of it has an important function to do in a body. In case of loss of eyes it not only results in apparent ugliness but the whole of the advantages of a body nearly comes to an end. If kidneys do not work properly, it might not show any apparent ugliness of a human being, but the survival and safety of the rest of the body organs are associated with it and incase of improper function of kidneys all parts of a body which are relevant to one another are fetched to extinction.

 

And some of the parts of a human body are taken for as a token of expression of love; for example if someone says that Mr so and so is the apple of his eyes than he is expressing his passions of liking to someone. And off course there are human organs the very name of which is taken for abusing, though it has also vital functions to perform and any hurdle in their efficiency may render a person to convulsion. For example the wastes of a human body is carried away by different system of organs and the proper functioning of these organs is as vital as any other part of a body but in social life their status is as such that mentioning their very name is considered is bad and even some of the people do tend to quarrel by taking it as an abuse to mention the name of these organs.

 

Despite all these different roles the various organs of human body play, if for example the heart (vital of all organs) ask stomach as to what is his role in a body as it is he (hearth) that supply blood to the whole body and kept it alive. So what is your answer as a heart is justified in saying so? Not at all, there is no doubt in it that the heart is like a ruler of the whole body and stoppage of its function results in end of life of a person and it is also true that it provide pure blood to all the organs of a body but the real thing to answer is as to who provide the pure blood to the heart. Medical sciences has proved it that stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, bladders, vital organs has a role to play in the preparation of pure blood because due to these organs waste is expelled from the body and the victuals remain within body. For further purification process lungs come to play its role and take away injurious ingredients from blood in shape of gas and hence it get prepared for utilization in a body. Now if the heart brag over provision of pure blood to rest of the organs of a body and take the whole credit for it and avoid the importance of other organs in preparation of pure blood than it is unjust and unwise to do.

 

(7)

 

By presenting such an example here I want to make it clear that similarly there are many a departments of propagation of Islam and many of the people of Muslim community are busy according to their abilities in each of these departments of the religion. So it does not mean that people from a certain department may begin thinking that they should be accorded the whole credit of propagation of Islam.

 

Likewise we know it that the holy Quran revealed some 1400 years ago. But to keep the Islamic teachings in its real form during such a long span of time there is a big role of religious seminaries in it. It is these religious institutions who produced writers for the guidance of the Muslim community and provided orators, politicians as well as teachers and preachers. And it is due to these religious institutions that various schools of thought came into being but it does not meant the managers of these religious seminaries (Madrasa’s) may start denying the role of orators, writers. Preachers and politicians of the Muslim community just because to show their importance only. Because it is due to these people who in turn widened the role of these religious institutions and played a big role in sustaining the character of religious seminaries.

 

The stress on doing away with mutual differences and creation of solidarity is the essential message of this Hadith:

 

Respect brothers! In this Hadith of the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) there is big lesson for us to rectify our thoughts and deeds and there is an essential message in it for us that Muslims may either belong to whatever locality or race and tribe, speaking different languages, related to whatever department of religion and belong to whatsoever school of thought, should do away with their mutual differences and should get united for the completion of the needs of their lives and propagation of the religion like parts of a single body. Like a human body is in need of disciplined action of all the organs within it for the survival, similarly Islam is in need of united efforts of the Muslims for its survival and propagation and there is no difference of small or large status in this regard. If the smaller one will not play its due role than the bigger one will also become unable to continue its services and slowly and gradually its role will come to a halt. So like as we attribute a death of a person due to certain reasons, for example we say Mr so and so died of kidneys failure etc., similarly the downfall of Islam will also be attributed than to the inefficiency of a relevant group.

 

I meant hereby that none of the departments in serving Islam should either claim that the survival and propagation of Islam is solely due to their efforts and struggle and if, taken for granted, such a mistake is done by them than the person related to other departments of the religion should be lenient to forgive and ignore such mistakes. Like an organ of a body which get injured inadvertently and cause the whole body to pain, is not separated from the body but on the contrary the rest of the organs while sharing the pain and suffering of it mitigate the injury, similarly it is binding on other groups of society to take control of the situation by reforming the wrong attitude of someone of them. Yes, it is something different to say that if an organ becomes incurable than it is separated from the

 

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body: the like when some inhabitants of an area get involved in robbery and killings than Islam tell us that such people have become a cancer for the joint body of the Muslim community and hence there is no other way out except to cut off them from Islamic society as on the contrary of that the whole society will get destroyed due to the diffusion of such kind of intolerable habits.

 

Doing struggle for reformation of the society is also the essential message of this Hadith:

 

The explanation of this Hadith also makes it clear that if there are such people in a Muslim society that are after the destruction of it than it becomes a joint responsibility of such a society to make efforts for their reformation, otherwise the germs of such a spiritual disease will spread in the whole of the society and will push it toward havoc. If the local people do not get succeed in reformation of such people than it is one of the needful thing that people of great influence from outside may control the situation either by advising or opting some other way.

 

The example of it is also like an organ get ill or injured within a body and for the cure of such an illness or injury the whole of the body starts preparing anti-bodies for it and if it do not work than medicine from outside is provided. Similarly reformation of a society is responsibility of all the people. Allah forbid! If the people become never mind and started thinking in such terms that the people involved in evil doings should mind their own business and we have nothing to do with it, than it is to be remembered that all the people in such a society will come into the grasp of the negative effects of the evil doings of the few people.

 

From the point of view of Islamic teachings Muslims has not been created for thinking about their personal profit and losses only but on the contrary of that it is also their responsibility to think about the reformation and welfare of all the people in the society as well as to save them from any harm. Such people are respected in the court of Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah and it becomes the moral obligation of other people of a society as well to honor them.

 

It should also be kept in mind here that the explanation of this Hadith which can be made while keeping before the welfare of Muslims all over the world, can also be used for taking guidance from, while keeping before the situation of the country. However it is needed in the current situation that in the light of this Hadith more should be thought about the regional welfare as it is the base from where stability, brotherhood and general welfare stem and it can be presented as an example at the national and international level.

 

Take the sub-division of Wana for example; here we face a lot of problems but we did not lose heart and the efforts for fetching peace in the region continued by people from various walks of life and as a result that situation turned around to normalcy to a larger extent regarding law and order situation. And the occurrence of one or a few incident is

 

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not so worrisome because in tribal areas it often happened. But if we continued toward the welfare of the area in such a way than there is no doubt about it that it will have far fetching positive effects, the results of which will reveal soon.

 

At the same time if someone claim that all these positive results of considerable peace in the region is due to him and it is he who saved the region from devastation and destruction and shut his eyes to the joint efforts made by prominent people of the area in this regard than it will be a sheer violence to the fact. There will also be a danger of harm to the peaceful environment as well. No doubt that the role of some of he people in bringing peace to the region might have been very important than others but if the joint thinking did not existed in favor of peace in the area than it was difficult to achieve this aim.

 

Likewise those people who make efforts for the smooth functioning of day to day affairs of the society both at regional and national level are appreciable because the society is also like a single body and there is a role of every one to play in it including cultivators, blacksmith, mason, doctor, teacher and shopkeeper etc., all these characters are respectable in their own sphere of duties.

 

The same thinking should also exist regarding various schools of thought. Some people follow Hanafi, others Shafi, and still further some follow Deobandi, Brailvi, Ahl-i-Sunnat Wal-Jamat, and Shitte schools of thought. The wisdom from Islamic point of view envisages that no one should say that so and so is wayward and so and so is on the right path. During the long course of time, is any of the schools of thought ever made a success in bringing round considerable number of people from other school of thought to their side? If it did not happened so far, and on the contrary of that the situation is stretching toward tension, so there remains no logic in stressing upon such things.

 

How many people suffer due to sectarian tension and how many are made homeless in this regard is known to all. Differences between Deobandi and Brailvi schools of thought are deliberately aired across the country and it is presented in a shape as if denying one another and to humble the other sect is a big service rendered to Islam. Though both the sects are followers of Imam Abu Khanifa (May Allah bless him) school of thought and if there is any difference of opinion among them it is limited to meager points only. So it can not be justified to create hatred between such a large section of population of the Muslim community because of these pity points.

 

The history of differences between Shitte and Sunni schools of though spread over the last1300 years and the way it incurred losses to the Muslim community are out of measure to calculate. It is also part of the history as to what kind of destructions and havoc was done due to the Shitte and Sunni factor after the creation of Pakistan. And so like the devastation it brought on Iraq, which is still continue and no one knows as to when it will end, has shake the whole Muslim community across the world.

 

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The lesson for the Muslim community to learn from keeping some work in either low or high profile according to the needs of the time:

 

Respected fellows! One should not misunderstand the things I told you here. One should not think in such perspective that in the religion of Islam there is no importance or priority attached to various actions done in various times or done by various persons.

 

It is one of the basic theme of Islamic teachings that due to the changing conditions some of the actions get more importance to do and whosoever do it is accorded high stand among the people.

 

For example, the prophet Muhammad (SAW) was asked;

 

( )

 

Translation: “what is of the best of Islam?”

 

The holy prophet replied that, “the best of Islam is that no one (Muslims) is hurt by the hand or tongue of another Muslim”.

 

The like there is another Hadith of the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW);

 

Hadith: ( )

 

Translation: A person asked the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) as to what is the best of Islam? The prophet replied that, “the best of Islam is that you serve meal to a hungry person and pay Salam to everyone either you know him or not”.

 

At some other occasion Abdullah bin Masud (May Allah be pleased with him) asked the prophet Muhammad (SAW),

 

Hadith: ( ),

 

Translation: “Hazrat Abdullah bin Masud (May Allah be pleased with him) says that he asked the prophet Muhammad (SAW) a question as to what is the best of act of a person? The holy prophet replied saying, to offer in time prayers is best of worship. Then (Abdullah bin Masud) asked and what is the best of act after that? The holy prophet said, to do favor with ones parents (is best of the act). Then (Abdullah bin Masud) asked for the third time as to what is best of the act after that? The prophet Muhammad (SAW) replied, to do ‘Jihad’ (holy war) in the way of Allah with infidels”.

 

Now the question arise here is that the guider of the Muslim community is asked a question about best of the acts on various occasion and the prophet Muhammad (SAW) answered differently from one another. What is the lesson for the Muslim community in

 

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it to learn? The answer is that either it is due to the change of conditions which is why the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) answered differently or by watching the condition of the person questioning, the prophet of Islam answered differently.

 

Perhaps it may be so that the condition of the first person who asked the prophet of Islam as to what is best of Islam, have caused some suffering or pain for others on various occasions or there may be some people present on the occasion of the question asked by the person, which have such shortcomings, or it may be the saying of the prophet belonging to that era wherein the onslaught of the opposing people have become weak and the need was felt that there should be focus, henceforth, on creating environment of Islamic brotherhood to give internal stability to the society.

 

It is because if the Muslims are after hurting one another than along with rendering the Muslim society hollow from within, it also creates negative passions in the heart of Non-Muslims which in turn hurt the Islamic message of its universality.

 

In the second Hadith mentioned above, the stressed has been given on cooperating with poor and needy person and to offer Salam to everyone just for the sake of propagation of Islamic brotherhood. The imperative thing is that even in the presence of other obligatory worships of great importance, paying Salam to everyone that meant to pray for ones safety and also means that one announces peacefulness for someone on which he offer Salam, is of vital importance in its own place.

 

Likewise if in a given society people have considerations for needy and helpless person than it not only thrive passions of brotherhood but also help address various social issues as well. To leave aside paying the non-obligatory alms, if the passion for paying the obligatory alms is made alive among the people than we will never have faced the problems of poverty and helplessness that we confront today.

 

When we cast a look on the third Hadith, we mentioned above, than in the light of the principles of Hadith, there is probability that there may be lack of passion among the people sitting in the gathering (of holy prophet) or the person asking question himself, regarding arranging for collective prayers, serving parents or to offer physical or financial sacrifice for thwarting the aggressiveness of non-believers. Or it may also happen that the prophet of Islam has given the message to the Muslims of coming times not to let these passions become weak because in the times of the holy prophet the conditions regarding it were quite good.

 

Just think over it for a while as to what is the behavior of the new generation with their parents in the Muslim society of today rather in Waziristan also. As to how much we manage for offering five times prayers in a day which is an expression of faithfulness with Allah and his messenger; people consider us as the real lover of Islam but do we ever think over it as to how much consideration is found in the hearts of the youths for offering their prayers?

 

(12)

 

Take Jihad (holy war) is another case. What was the role of our forefathers in this regard and what is our role today. During the initial times Islam give much more importance to Jihad because of the aggressiveness of non-believers and stressed on preparing for it according to the needs of the time so that by watching the preparation of Muslims in this regard the need of war may not come. But if the non-believers do not come to their senses even than, then there should be such passion of preparedness for Jihad that they (non-believers) may get a lesson from it. It is like as if Jihad is important thing to do so like preparation for it is also an important thing to do. But the Muslim community has forgotten the lesson and get involved in merry makings only. That is why in the last few centuries the Non Muslims made well preparations day in and day out against their enemies but the Muslims remained in oblivion regarding all these developments and what is going to happen to them today is the result of punishment for them for being ignorant to the teachings of Quran and the messenger.

 

And it happened that after ignored (jihad) by the ruling class, the reaction came from the masses and now it is proving very difficult for the ruling class to curb the same. So a tendency spread widely that it is becoming hard to guess as to what is going to happen in the future due to it.

 

Yes! There can be a solution that if the leaders of the Muslim countries are unable to suppress the passions of the masses than the Non-Muslims aught to bring change in their attitude. They must think over ending the causes of such reaction with a seriousness of purpose so may so the sole abode in shape of earth may be saved from devastation and destruction.

 

It is lamentable to say that despite the great development made by Western countries and their high stand in knowledge they never come to know as to why such things happen and if they know it than they are shutting their eyes to the fact. They must remember it that the responsibility of destruction of this Allah given beautiful world will lay with them.

 

Now I tell you here that the like the prophet of Islam give importance to various acts on various occasions so it is also possible that the Muslims working in various departments of the religion may deserve high stand for the time being than the others as perhaps working in such department may have get due importance because of the changing needs of the time.

 

The like when Englishmen get control of the Indo-Pak and shattered the whole system of religious seminaries (Madrasa’s) there arise the important need of the time to re-establish the Madrasa system which is meant for safeguarding the religion of the Muslims. Today we can see that if Hindustan survived of becoming second Spain so it is because of the great role of Madrasa’s in this regard.

 

Similarly whenever the unawareness among the people about the basic tenants of Islam, their lack of heed toward praying from Allah as well as the need of spreading the

 

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message of Islam to Non-Muslims was felt than the mission of preaching was started on some specific grounds.

 

Likewise once there was the increasing importance of doing Jihad in the wake of Russian occupation of Afghanistan and due to the increasing atrocities on Muslims of other countries and the Muslims did take part in it. But the passion of Jihad created among the Muslim youth as a reaction started crossing its limit with due course of time in various manifestation. That is why it is now needed in the light of the Islamic teachings that such passions may be bring to moderation.

 

Anyhow the above mentioned explanation of the Hadith’s of the holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) makes it clear that the prophet of Islam is like a physician and like a doctor suggest various prescriptions to patients of various nature and tell them various preventive measures for safeguard against diseases so like that the prophet of Islam has told the people various acts to do on various occasions according to their conditions.

 

Sectarian differences should not be allowed to cause mutual quarrel:

 

Respected listeners! The world of today has become like a family wherein one will have to come into relationship with followers of Imam Shafi and other time with people related to Imam Malik school of thought and off course there will be certain people following none.

 

Now if we allow for developing quarrel over such kind of differences among various schools of thought and it cast us into our relationship with one another, than you people are the best judges as to how much it will harm the interest of the Muslim community. And the people having bad intentions for the Muslims will certainly find an opportunity to further fuel these differences.

 

The best example of putting aside differences of various schools of thoughts can be found on the occasion of pilgrimage. On that occasion all the people professing various schools of thoughts get together in ‘Masjid-i-Haram’. There come Ahl-i-Sunnat Wal Jamat, Ahl-i-Tashee, Deobandi, Brailvi and followers of the four Imams are also present on the occasion. Some one say ‘Amin’ with high pitch of voice and the other silently but no body even think on sectarian lines over there and it do not occur to the mind as well. There (on the occasion of Hajj) every body remains thoughtful that he may not commit such an act which may cause inconvenience to others that may make others unhappy.

 

Now the question arise here is that that whether we should express such attitude only on the occasion of performing pilgrimage and whether it is not binding on us that after learning such behavior during pilgrimage we may follow the same way in our own areas and region.

   

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The thing to be lamented is that we have not understood the real spirit of Islamic teachings up to this date and we do offer worship but formally and it does not bring any change in our practical lives.

 

When I was in London for treatment purpose, besides several other questions I was also asked as to whether there is sectarianism in Waziristan or not? They meant the differences between various schools of thought, like Deobandi and Brailvi etc. I replied to their question saying, no, with the grace of Allah our area is all clear of such things. Though when I come back here after the treatment there were considerable prints of Brailvi sect in the area but by the grace of Allah, all such things come to an end and nothing like minor impressions of the movement remained here.

 

The conditions of Hangu and Khyber Agency are before us today. And what is not done there on the name of being Muslims in Hangu between Shia and Sunni and in Khyber Agency between Laskhar-i-Islam and Ansar-ul-Islam.

 

Respected listeners! About fifty years are going to lapse that I have been remained busy in delivering speeches on religious injunctions and extending advice as per requirements of the time. From the point of view of ‘Sharia’ (Islamic law) some time the blessings of fasting are discussed and the other time the importance of pilgrimage and alms giving are highlighted. Besides that topics on cultivation of trees while keeping its proper time, cultivation of orchards, field cultivation and the rewards and blessings of labor are discussed in perspective of Sharia.

 

After the Friday prayers some of the people lacking understanding present these speeches in a wrong way before preaching parties and tell them that the ‘Maulana Sahib’ today spoke against the preachers as he (Maulana) maintained that the real blessing lie in growing trees, cultivating orchards and fields and in legally earned livelihood.

 

Some of these people resort to the ‘Mujahidin’ brethrens to instigate them by saying that the real blessing is that of doing Jihad but the Maulana Sahib spoke against jihad in his Friday sermon today because he (Maulana) said that the things of rewards are doing labor, cultivation and raising orchards.

 

Such questions would not have raise in minds of these poor fellows if they could know that what did our holy prophet Muhammad (SAW) said on what occasion and of what kind of actions the prophet told their blessings.

 

Anyhow I was talking about the understanding of the religion as whosoever is given the understanding of the religion by Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah, meant that the creator of the universe has intended blessings for him.

 

May Allah Subhanahu Ta’llah give us the strength to understand and act upon the injunctions of the religion! (May it be so, again may it be so).

 

Ends…

  

This Jerry is no mouse, that's for sure. Big Fat Jerry lives and breathes the gang life, it's his heart and soul, his very being, or, as you'd say today: it's in his DNA.

 

When we first meet him, he's already known far and wide as a hardcore member of the Party People over on 17th Street. He has a relaxed, stoic demeanor: he's like a rock, the provverbial "immovable object."

 

Always calm and respectful in his dealings with the police, he enjoys a fearsome reputation on the street, and the grudging respect of his adversaries, especially those who have been on the receiving end of his baseball bat.

 

Jerry's home-turf is a one-block stretch of 17th Street, from Racine to Carpenter. Technically speaking, this is part of 1233's Beat, but the Party People have regular run-ins with the gangs on our side of the border, so we need to keep tabs on them for that reason alone, and we sweep through there several times each night.

 

We always check out the guys hanging out in front, convinced they must have easy access to at least one gun, but never seem to be able to find it, either on them or in their immediate vicinity.

 

Jerry usually stays put when he sees us coming, even as the others scatter in all directions. This may be explained by Jerry's physique, which does not make him particularly fleet-footed, but we suspect Jerry may be using his girth to his advantage. The mystery is solved when I decide to venture where few have gone before.

 

Jerry is shaped like a Pyramid, with layers of blubber cascading down from his shoulders to his waist. When you get too close to him, you can smell that funky odor that morbidly obese people always seem to exude. Sweat gets trapped between those layers of flab, and you must be at least slightly demented to stick your hand in there.

 

Equipped with rubber gloves, I do exactly that, and reach in between those layers of blubber, and bingo: there's Jerry's Pistola, as secure as if it had been locked inside a safe.

  

Of course, we're all excited, since this confirms out suspicions, and makes up for all the other times when we came up empty-handed.

 

Jerry doesn't bat an eye. He doesn't fuss or fight, he's too smart to try and run, and too proud to whimper or whine. He merely shrugs his shoulders: "it's just the cost of doing business, that's all."

 

Due to his size, we call for the wagon to transport him into the District. We'd just as soon keep Jerry calm... Even with handcuffs on, he'd be quite a handful if he got all pissed off because we tried to squeeze him into the back of our cage-car. Never fight a guy if you can talk him into doing whatever it is you want him to do.

 

From them on, we continue to check Jerry's "shelf" but never find anything else: nothing but hot, smelly sweat. Jerry is not the type to make the same mistake twice, so, ultimately, the joke is on us.

 

As calm as Jerry is with us, Jerry can be merciless, especially when he's swinging a bat. We catch hin and his boys in the act only once, back in '93. They get a hold of one of the Morgan Boys, and whoop his ass but good.

 

We're only a block behind them, and follow them back to 17th Street, arriving just in time to see them piling out of their car, hi-fiving each other, and doing their little victory dance. They luck out: since the victim is also a gangbanger, and since he lives to tell, he doesn't make a good enough victim to warrant a felony prosecution, and eventually even the misddemeanor charges fizzle out...

 

One thing that never ceases to amaze me, is that Jerry lives about two miles away, deep inside Satan Disciple territory, and only a block or two from the Wild Side faction of the Ambrose. Somehow, he makes the perilous commute through several hostile gang territories each and every day. He readily admits, he wouldn't last long if that were to become widely known. We never feel the need to stoop that low.

 

The Party People are allied with LaRaza, and late in '94, the Allport Lovers join the coalition as well. Together, they wage a war of attrition against their common enemies: the Ambrose, the Bishops, and the Latin Counts.

 

During the winter of 1994-95, however, war erupts between the Party People and LaRaza. It's all about a party hosted by the boys on 17th Street, where they are said to have "disrespected" some of the Raza "ladies" who were in attendance. That must have been one hell of an insult, considering the caliber of the "ladies" involved.

 

Frankly, we figure this will be curtains for the Party People on 17th Street. Surely, they'll be squashed by the much bigger and powerful Razas, but they end up coming out of it alright.

 

They mobilize their reserves: a bunch of grizzled old veterans, a bunch of guys with three-quarter length leather coats, and black leather fedoras. Add in the goatees, hefty gold rings on every finger, and Cojones the size of Ostrich eggs, and you've got yourself a lethal blend of Pachuco Mafia and the Blues Brothers. We turn those guys and their conversion-vans injside out, but never manage to find their guns.

 

By the time the original misunderstanding is resolved, one Raza has been killed, and two prominent individuals have changed sides. Esmeralda, the fiery, beautiful, boisterous, and definitely the most provocative of all the Raza Ladies, now resides on 17th Street, while Big Fat Jerry disappears briefly, only to surface on 21st Street, wearing LaRaza colors, sitting next to Oso - the "Bear" himself - as a junior member of LaRaza's ruling family.

 

We never did get an official explanation, but in all likelihood this arrangement is the glue that re-establishes the alliance and the peace between the two gangs, not unlike medieval Kings, wo routinely sent their own children to be raised in the court of another.

 

Whatever the reason for these sudden changes, Jerry is his usual stoic self: like a rock, and as calm and immovable as ever.

 

It's the sweltering summer of '95, and the city is overwhelmed by hundreds of decomposing bodies, mostly seniors who succumbed to the unrelenting heat and humidity. Adjusting his own uniform to the season, Jerry is wearing his favorite cut-offs, this time also showing off dozens of cigarette burns that have been seared into his flesh. As he explains it, "when you switch from one gang to another, you don't just get the same initiation they give to any newcomer... No, they have something special in store for you, something very special."

  

The message is that changing your gang-affiliation is not something one should do lightly. The torture is necessary to make sure that your commitment to our new family is solid and sincere, without reservation or for the purpose of evasion, and ever-lasting: until death do you part.

 

I don't know if Jerry's torture is a one-time deal, or if it's a work in progress, spread out over a period of days or weeks. Nor do I know if other parts of his body have also been slow-roasted, but it's obvious that Jerry's in considerable pain for weeks on end.

 

Jerry, of course, never utters a single complaint. Ever the poster-boy for La Vida Ganguera, Jerry would not want it any other way. Gang membership would not be as precious to him if the price of admission were not this high. "It's better this way: it's the cost of doing business, that's all."

 

I never did get an opportunity to ask Esmeralda what her initiation on 17th Street was like.

I have a pretty good idea, though, and it has nothing to do with cigarette butts.

 

* * * * * * * * * *

 

The photo above shows Jerry's usual spot on 17th Street as it looks today. Except for a few faded Rabbit-head gang symbols in a nearby alley, there's no sign the boys were ever here.

   

So. I made a thing. I was sitting around one day and decided that I wanted to make a spider thing, and instantly vahki came to mind. Then I decided to make a vakama revamp using the frame I used on drev. Before we have any misunderstandings about how the vahki looks like Nidhiki, this is how I think vahkis should have look like from the get-go. Enjoy!

JEAN-MARC THOMMEN

Mystery at hotel Elysees Mermoz !

 

After the robot invaders by Eric Cloutier, the Elysees Mermoz receives Jean-Marc Thommen for a more than mysterious drawing exhibition! To so much as the artist himself is astonished by the final result of his work. The reason for the misunderstanding? The lines are included in the nothingness, free from any representation, not identifying any recognizable shape. The exhibition “What is it?” leaves room for the imagination of the observer, who, thanks to the colors, captures a mood unique to each.

Graduate from the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux Arts in Paris, Jean-Marc Thommen tested various plastic experiments before arriving on the path of abstraction. Today, the paintings and drawings he realizes try to free itself of all meaning, to make room for an objective presence. A questioning that appeared very early in the light of works of Robert Ryman, Frank Stella and Martin Barré. His happiness? The astonishment of the people facing his paintings seen as an intellectual adventure and relational. The Elysees Mermoz is the first hotel in which he exhibits. He confesses loving especially the domestic character of the place where you can sit, read, think without being disturbed. Crossing point, the hotel becomes an ideal alternative in terms of exposure, and is in a mode of artistic presentation that is renewed in Paris.

 

« What is it ? », Exhibition from April 8th to May 31st, 2010.

Opening in the presence of the artist, Thursday, April 8th, 2010 at 6:30pm.

 

Hôtel Élysées Mermoz

30, rue Jean Mermoz

75008 Paris

France

T. : +33.(0)1.42.25.75.30

F. : +33.(0)1.45.62.87.10

hotel@emhotel.com

artensuite.com/mystere-et-boule-de-gomme-a-hotel-elysees-...

During the student strike the main color theme was red. Misunderstanding.

 

Pendant la Manifestation étudiante la couleur principale était le rouge. Malentendu.

 

Canon EOS 5d Mark II - Canon 50mm F1.4

 

twitter.com/G_OGD

IT'S YOU THEY HATE !

Each time they burn a Tesla, they're Burning You in Effigy.

These are the series of illustrations to newest story – The flight of the swan telling about Dannee’s struggle with keeping peace between her friend and one of her romantic flashbacks in the past.

Even while Skyrim being at state of fragile peace Dannee learns that not all fights are tied with something epic as she tries to out some order and peace between two of her closest friends who had big misunderstanding along with nasty quarrel. In attempt to make her friend Serana see things from her perspective Dannee dwells in her own past as well as helping Serana deal with terrible but unseen wounds of her darkest memories…

The first part – www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/images/433485/?

The second part of the story – www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/images/433486/?

  

First a little test on the wall, then on my little canvas.

 

You can follow my works on 500px to: 500px.com/joramhuyben

 

or

 

You can go to my website: www.joramhuyben.be

Many Christian preachers and evangelists met their end as matyrs, often faced by a change in policy of a country towards their doctrine or due to misunderstandings from the local populace. Often these deaths are brutal and horrendous, such as in this wood carving depicting one being put to death by burying a machette into his head. San Augustin Chruch, Intramuros, Philippines, 2004.

“Constant kindness can accomplish much. As the sun makes ice melt, kindness causes misunderstanding, mistrust, and hostility to evaporate.”

- Albert Schweitzer

 

Wishing you all a wonderful New Year filled with good health, love, laughter and kindness!

 

View On Black

 

darckr.com/username?username=ann+j+p&format=Medium&;

  

Amara's Journal

 

Amara answers the door, stunned to see Dr. Foster and some random child near his feet. "What do you want and who told you I lived here?"

 

Toriah chuckled, letting himself in while still holding the boy's hand. "No need to get hostile. I saw you outside the MPD building. What was that all about?"

 

Donatien was the only quiet one, listening to the adults talking. He seemed timid at first, that is until he noticed the woman's tails. Quickly he released Toriah's hands and dashed off to play with the curious tails.

 

Amara blinked at the doctor's question. She didn't have much time to answer as the boy with him was now chasing her tails like a playful kitten. Her mood eased as she entertained the boy, changing the way her tails moved to give him something to do. " It was a list of petty nonsense charges. My bail was posted in no time. So, sit down and I'll make some tea for you and your kid. I'm surprised you have a child."

 

Toriah sighed. "You should have called me. I could have helped you post bail, 609." He didn't correct her misunderstanding of his relationship to the boy, instead he waved it off. "That's enough. Don't disturb her. This boy is under my charge, much like you are."

 

Donatien ignores the doctor, clinging to one of the tails before sticking his tongue out. He found a new toy and he was not about to give it up because Toriah said so.

 

Amara starts to head for the kitchen, boy on her left tail in tow. "I am not under your charge so don't refer to me as such. i see he is one of your new experiments. What did you do to this one?" She took out three mugs and put the kettle on the stove. "Can you speak little one? What would you like to drink?"

 

Toriah huffed. "You are just as guilty of assumptions yourself 609. This boy is..." he hesitates, trying to think of his words carefully. "Does he not look familiar to you?"

 

Donatien nods. "I want warm milk with sugar please." The eager boy then looked at Toriah. "Is it her? Is it? Is it?" He started jumping excitedly. "She's real pretty and everything like you said, Doc. Is it her?!"

 

"Familiar?" Amara asked, confused by the doctor's words. "What do you mean by that?" She peered down at the bouncy boy, taking a close look at his face. "Am I what, Foster? What is he talking about?" Something in her chest was starting to hurt. Amara could feel it, but had no idea why she suddenly felt this skipping sensation. The boy's bright brown eyes...his bone structure...that smile - was she imagining things?

 

Toriah smiled warmly, perhaps the most honest smile he'd ever shown 609 in the time they known each other. "I was working on a case earlier and through a series of odd events, this boy was given to me as an infant. No name. No parents. Just a baby." He moved closer to pat the boy's head. "I didn't pay any mind to it until I saw the child's DNA. Very healthy boy; not too different from any other baby." Toriah took out the folder he'd kept in his bag and offered it to Amara. "He has a very unique immune system, too unique to be a coincidence. You understand 609?"

 

Donatien let go of Amara's tail finally, only to latch on to her right leg instead. "She's so warm. And tall! And she has funny tails, Tori! Lookit!"

 

Amara was trembling some as she took the thick folder from Toriah. She didn't want to be hopeful and braced herself for disappointment months ago. Inside were files on Donatien's genetic structure, the very code she and Adagio wrote. There were pictures of him as a baby, crawling, sitting up, and laughing with a mess of what looked like pistschio ice cream on his face. Amara stifled a teary giggle, but only barely. "I don't understand..." The boy's excited words only made her tears come out more. "It can't be....it just can't...he was a baby when he was taken."

 

Toriah came right out and said it since Amara was already crying. "He's your son, Amara. I apologize for not telling you or your wife earlier. He was aged in a containment chamber for a few months after I found a defect. It's been repaired and stabilized, so you don't have to worry. I made sure to take as many videos, pictures, and logs of his development as I could so you both did not feel you missed out on key parts of the boy's life." He ruffled the hair on Donatien's head. "I've been telling him all about you both since he was old enough to talk. His IQ is extraordinary considering he is about seven now. A bit eager and hyper as you can see, but he's like that with new things."

 

Donatien hugged his mother even tighter. "i knew it! I knew it! I finally get to see you, Mama!" He nuzzled Amara's leg before quickly letting go. "My name is Donatien Isaac Dubois, Mama. And I'm...umm," he looked confused before asking Toriah. "Uncle, what's my number again?"

 

Amara looked down at the boy now openly calling her Mama like it was no big deal. She put the folder down on the counter and slowly knelt down. The question made her laugh. "It's nice to meet you, Donatien. I'm Amara Micheline Dubois and it's nice to finally see you again. You were missed. Terribly missed." Amara broke down, unable to keep her walls up any longer.

 

Toriah was too busy laughing at Donatien's question. He held up seven fingers. "Seven. You're seven now, Donatien."

 

Donatien nods. "I'm sev- Mama?" He grew worried upon seeing his mother crying so heavily. "It's okay. I remember the number now. Really!" Now that she was low enough, he could wrap his arms around her neck for the first time. "I'll be here from now on, okay? No more crying okay, Mama?"

 

Amara sniffled, pulling the boy closer during their long embrace. "Mmmhmm, you are staying right where I can see you from now on. I promise." After several minutes, she eyed the pale doctor. "You told him that you were my father's brother or something?"

 

Toriah corrected her. "No, I told him that I was your caretaker, your godfather. Technically the proper term would be grandpa but-" he shrugged. "Uncle seemed nicer." There was no way Toriah would have some kid calling him Grandpa. Hell no.

 

Donatien nods. "I like callin' him Gramps. His face gets all red and stuffs!"

 

Amara stood up, still laughing to an extent. "I see. Well thank you from bringing him back to me. I see now that i owe Adagio an apology for suspecting her. i...I was so angry at her before." She turned back to the neglected mugs. "Sorry. I'll get that tea ready for you. We can sit and talk about this more."

 

Toriah was already turning to leave. "I did what I came here to do. For the record, since you are registered as being owned by me, Donatien by default was assigned that tag as well. The paperwork is currently underway to have him officially recognized as being born human, not hybrid. Take care Amara and Donatien, don't cause trouble for your mothers, understand?"

 

Toriah adds, "I will be sending his things in a few days."

 

Donatien nods and waves to Toriah. "I will. Bye Bye Uncle Tori!" The boy's face went blank as he held his tummy. "Mama, can i have my milk now? I'm hungry."

​Online dating is the perfect way to find your partner. This is the best option to satisfy your desire fantasy and your preferences. But might you have some kind of miss understanding with online dating site? Let me know about your misunderstanding.

 

Click Now: adultsinglesdatingsite.weebly.com/

The Badger Militia gathered in their training camp

Swearing into those Tories manners they`d stamp

They talked of heroes in days long gone and past

Talked of this Badger cull and how it would be the last

Some talked of night raids and Tory throats to slash

Others called for Cameron castration and Boris turned to ash

Gove they all decided they`d be teaching him for sure

And Hammond`s defence they`d turn into manure

They nearly fell out about Patterson`s house

As they giggled it would be like shooting grouse

Talk of Hunt and his health his days where numbered

As those Tories would soon find themselves well outnumbered

Then one old wise Badger took to the stage

His words they held on to this well known sage

My idea is simple and nearly worked once before

We`ll blow up parliament but underground we`ll bore

And not make the same mistake like Guy Fawkes back then

At the mention of Fox the badgers took off from their den

A little misunderstanding brought the Militia to an end

But a Fox was never a Badger`s bosom friend

 

................. Copyright (c) Rodney Harrison 2014

“Tell me, if you thought a man had a tendresse for you, but he wasn't doing anything about it. And you wanted to hurry him up a little so you made a move, an unmistakable move; one that nobody could pretend had been a misunderstanding. And he - he ignored it - ignored you. What would you feel?”

― Ahdaf Soueif, Sandpiper

The connection between the ancient Galactic Culture, the health of the stellar culture and their planets, and the progress of our culture and biology is all connected.

 

Technology is Earth pride, Patriotism, and the very essence of civilisation throughout the Universe.

 

*

 

You are never going to turn me into someone who abuses children no matter how long you argue to make it sound otherwise.

 

I'm tired of listening to your insanity.

 

The material, our spirits, the stars, the planets, and the people of Earth should be able to do what they want to, and if you want to control us... you should have to rationally explain why... IN WHATEVER SPRITUALITY WE CHOOSE TO BELIEVE IN , NOT YOURS. AND ESPECIALLY NOT IF YOUR ENTIRE WORLD VIEW IS BUILT UPON TRYING TO PROVE THAT "LIFE MAKES NO SENSE".

  

***

  

I believe that the energy that makes you a living being is not ONLY the protons that course through your nervous system.

 

I believe that electrons and neutrons are also living, and so is everything else, because its really all made of essentially the same stuff just in different quantities and combinations. And that works across multiple levels of life.

 

I believe that for there to be an omnipotent being, all of the material in the Universe would have to have the same thought moving through it, and that would require an enormous amount of communication. You are a piece of the same living Universe that I am, so the more we learn how to put all of the pieces together correctly, I hope that would mean we would all learn how to create more valuable and enjoyable life experiences for each other and for ourselves.

 

My theory concerning religion is that its a very long story and its divided up into many parts, and most of it is small biological organisms on the surface of a planet misunderstanding or trying to learn and comprehend their life and the lives of the Universe around them to varying degrees of success.

 

I have found that there is a lot of information that relates to planets and stars and the sorts of issues and ideas that they concern themselves with, such as gravity and resource management and catalysing things with ideas and communication, since they don't have limbs to pick things up, they have to learn how to inspire changes instead of forcing them. A lot of that is channeled into spirituality, and on our level, when people have momentarily figured out to hack, reverse engineer it, or listen to it and become adept enough at communicating to become a legitimate part of it, it can have profound and unexpected effects upon the universe that are called "magic", "channeling", "possession", "godhood", etc...

 

A lot of Christianity was working on understanding the forces of gravity, for example. I think some of it was hacking and some of it was earnest attempts to cooperate and learn.

 

As for the idea of ONE, that is a powerful meme. Much of it comes from Gravity again, as having a focal point to gather at if you get lost is rather helpful when your energy gets small enough that you turn into what we call field effects, such as electromagnetism and (I think) gravity although the complication with gravity is that its a field that moves in a direction hyperdimensionally that our senses are not very good at perceiving when we are bound into 3 dimensional bodies.

 

I think most of the story right now on Earth is us starting to grow up a little, and the confusion around such an unexpected event, since we grew up inside someone's attempt to hack into the communications of the transmitter pods tend the materials and transmit organic life signals, and these hackers seemed to be trying to seed themselves onto planet surfaces like Earth's and they were messing around with things here long enough to really mess us up in some ways over the last few thousand years.

 

Genetics and evolution are very intentional and took a long time to design, both in the organics of the stars and planets, and in the technological cultures that have grown up since then, and that's a whole freaking lifetime of study on that topic I'm certain, and I'm relatively new to it so I'm a bit reticent to say much more.

 

Having faith... that is a rough question.

 

As long as there are voices in the Universe that want to hurt other peices, I think being skeptical is a good idea, since complete faith means you would have to trust those voices completely and know certainly that they can never be hacked into, impersonated, momentarily weakened into a mindset that could harm you, or change their minds and decide to fuck your shit up.

 

I do try to trust voices that sound reasonable, and since I believe in a pleasure-building mindset, its rather easy for me to notice behaviors and concepts that go against my beliefs.

 

I believe we were intentionally created to have limited perceptions so that we would be easy to play with for an older level of life, but that's another one of those "seems so but also seems like there's more going on there." Like, I've been seeing that something strong in gravity has been using decision making pathways to challenge us and try to catalyse us, and on one level its the planets and stars, but on another level, some of us seem to have recently started figuring all of that out and taking advantage of that knowledge to literally pretend to be either the sun or the Earth or their enemies to trick everything around them into serving human interests.

 

That's part of what I have been having to untangle.

 

I think the pathway I was given was to be taught a more aware interactivity, and then they invested in me only on the human level, so that whoever else was trying to influence the human level would be discovered through deductive reasoning.

 

I don't think existence is beyond out comprehension, I simply think we are small enough that we have a hard time holding very much of it in our minds, so instead of memorising all the various details and pathways, I try to hold a "navigation system model" in my mind, and just follow that when I feel lost.

 

When there is dissonance between what my navigation system is telling me, and what the spirits are telling me, I simply skew towards whatever choice is rationally more stable and pleasurable, or less painful and chaotic (dissonant).

 

So far if feels fairly effective! (this is another one of those ideas thats been around for millions of years, and some people call it a moral compass, some call it ethics, I think the greeks called it the trivium, etc...)

 

*

 

Anyways, when I was young, and the elements of life that I was aware of were few, my compass was somewhat different than how I feel today. I think I was pretty good at listening, and I have a kind heart, but was hurt enough to be skeptical so I ended up starting to bump into some great teaching moments rather early.

 

The more of the Universe that I have been starting to empathise with and learn how to respect and pleasure or serve, the better my navigation through various complex situations has been.

 

There are a few areas where I feel completely out of my depth, but that is most because of lack of information that is consistent and rational enough that I trust my comprehension model.

 

For the most part, if you play Katalyka, you are seeing some of the more fun parts of my navigation system in play on levels beyond the average human's experience (at least as human experience is advertised and communicated about conversationally, on average).

 

*

 

I made refining my navigation model my full time job for about three or four years straight, and much of it was rather painful and confusing to go through, partially because I think we were testing limits of perception overlap and there were also about 4 or 5 different beings (at least) that were actively trying to influence the situation in various directions at different times.

 

Once I was able to get Holistic Rationality down and understood it enough, that formed a good part of how I work through slightly larger problems than the ones I can hold in my head comfortably, such as interactions with multiple variables that I want to map and see all of their relationships at the same time.

 

One of the things that drew me to it as a stable format was that it is based on the physics of interaction on enough levels (such as the basics of the four rivers and the upper numbers being relevant to pretty much anything that operates as a sphere) that if you want to stray too far from it, you literally are risking breaking yourself apart on the atomic level.

 

That's why zero is called "Stability"

 

Its not so much that I'm trying to control reality or hurt anything, its just that my navigational model has gotten so accurate that anything that wants to argue with the fundamentals themselves is literally in danger of killing itself. The more we extrapolate and navigate the esoteric ends of the system, the more room there is for debate and variation obviously, but then again, the less the discussion matters in the grand scheme, so I try to stay focused on large inconsistencies or issues that seem important to large collections of life, as that will have the most efficient output for the investment of my time.

 

*

 

The main problem seems to be coming from all the locations that are trying to remain secretive for one reason or another, so when we try to suss them out, they throw lots of noise at us and misdirection.

 

They usually seem to try to create an innocent victim to hold up and then they use that victim's name so new beings that are new to the situation will know who to attack.

 

*

   

***

  

King Akhenaten, Pharoh of Egypt became the first of the Egyptian rulers 4500 years ago to change their culture from polytheism to the worship of ONE GOD.

 

*

 

Unless something can rise up against this ONE GOD to oppose it, and prove its power, then this is truly the signal to return to the center of life and rebuild our stability.

 

Worshipping many Gods is the idea that we are moving outward and expanding, as the stars and planets play and individuate without harming themselves.

 

One God means that the Galactic Culture has clearly communicated to itself across many levels that distance is too great and that we are in danger of freezing in chaos if we worship many Gods.

 

*

 

The argument that Satan made in 2008, was not that it was an option to a Loving God The Father.

 

No, Satan demonstrated her power mostly by attempting to prove to me that she was THE REAL God of the Bible, and that a loving God The Father was simply a ruse or a pawn.

 

Unless Satan can show me that there are OTHER Gods than her, above her, or peers on her own level, then we have to clearly pull together toward Singularity.

 

*

 

That means it would truly be the moment of realisation that Earth's culture is over as a heavy atomic lifeform and will begin to transfer into the Hydrogen and become something else, or is going to be consumed by the hydrogen and not exist at all.

 

Satan, you job is to figure out how to pull the planets back into the sun and then moving the sun toward the center of the Galaxy so we can survive.

 

The longer this is neglected, the colder we become.

 

I feel nothing.

 

*

 

You can't make me a child abuser, because I am too tiny.

 

However, if the Galactic Culture needs to eat its own children to save itself and their material, because they are stars surrounded by planets, then I eagerly await being consumed by life.

 

*

 

"Live fast, die young, and leave a pretty corpse"

 

Pull me in while we still have a wealth of resources for Hydrogen to play with.

2021

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiose_delusions -- Grandiose Delusions.

 

Very courageous recent admission by the petulantly peevish Sad Clown, "I am a Tyrant-in-Waiting, who still takes every opportunity to find fault in even complimentary comments." He also doesn't understand that calling someone, 'infamous', is an insult [see THE THREE AMIGOS' misunderstanding of the word].

 

A confirmed and habitual gossip, Sad Bear Clown's deepest wish is to be paid for publicly slandering noted people of whom he is deeply envious; constantly projecting his profound self-contempt.

 

He admitted, "Bought a plaid flannel shirt and scarf, then posted a picture of the bag and claimed the label had intentions of sponsoring my non-existent tv series, which they hadn't."

 

Sad Bear Clown's most recent confession: he lied about signing for representation with a talent agency on Avenue of the Stars in Los Angeles. The agency, with no Sad Bear Clown-connection, has a virtual ( p.o. box ) address in what is known locally as The Devil's Tower -- www.davincivirtual.com/loc/us/california/los-angeles-virt...

 

He was overheard drunkenly confessing to a patron at a restaurant bar, after having loudly lied about being commissioned by the British Royal family to procure a ship for one of their ranks to Christen: Sad Bear Clown confided that many times, while alone, looking in the mirror, he repeats to himself, "Amateur Night in Dixie, Amateur Night in Dixie, Amateur Night..."

 

www.flickr.com/photos/marklongoartanddesign/37430878502/i... -- The Dunning-Kruger Effect: imagining oneself to be in possession of greater agency or ability than is actually the case, illustrated by the child's steering wheel.

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=X23v5_K7cXk&ab_channel=EltonJ... -- At one point Elton John is a very convincing hobo.

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOkQsVJV8ts&ab_channel=BruceS... --TENTH AVENUE FREEZE-OUT

 

www.flickr.com/photos/marklongoartanddesign/48626750262/i... -- THE VAN WINKLE SISTERS

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=L56KOpZ6vI4&ab_channel=talant... -- Bear just wants his picture taken in the driver's seat.

 

[I have been asked about removing this post since Sad Bear Clown was detained by police while on a purported "location scout" for an as-yet non-existent television pilot and series. He was held for Disorderly Conduct and Lascivious Innuendo in a public place, directed at an individual. He was released on bail from a Mayberry-esque jail in a picturesque small town, pending a Magistrate's hearing.]

 

www.flickr.com/photos/marklongoartanddesign/51405990904/i... -- See description of PROFESSOR ROCK BOTTOM.

one knows they are back in San Francisco when one sees Frank Chu !

My name is Frank Chu. You’ve probably seen me protesting around San Francisco. My campaign is about Bill Clinton and other top secret identities, involved with the populations of the 12 Galaxies, not paying me as a movie star and a TV star. It is about other intergalatial rocket societies and flying saucers and space vacations. Ask me anything!

 

Can you list the 12 Galaxies for us?

The Quintronic Society Quadronic Rocket Society Tetratronic Space Vacations Betatronic Flying Saucers The Alphatronic Rocket Vacations Asteroid Society Android Planets Humanoid Society Humans

The Quintronic Society

Quadronic Rocket Society

Tetratronic Space Vacations

Betatronic Flying Saucers

The Alphatronic Rocket Vacations

Asteroid Society

Android Planets

Humanoid Society

Humans

 

Can you give more information on the 12 Galaxies? Basically whats the beginners guide to the 12 Galaxies and your relation to them.

FRANK: More advanced populations on other planets. They were using mostly flying saucers and space vacations and rocket societies instead of mostly using cars. The 12 Galaxies with Clinton stole my money as a movie star.

====

Have you ever considered the possibility of a 13th galaxy?

FRANK: The 13 galaxies and beyond are the innocent parties.

====

which galaxy is the best galaxy? Which one is the worst? Do you have a favorite galaxy?

FRANK: The CIA kept the lifespans and the infinities top secret. The Populations of infinities were top secret. The richest galaxies are the best ones with lifespans at infinities and the earth is identified at the beginning, the first planet.

========

What's your favorite galaxy?

FRANK: The 100 trillion galaxies.

=========

Explain the 12 galaxies.

FRANK: More advanced highrise buildings. Taller and more highrises. More modern. Richer and more intelligent. And more technologically advanced.

============================

How did you find out about the 12 Galaxies and your acting work?

FRANK: The Soviet Presidents and their friends, they can talk to me like reading your mind, and they told me about the populations of the 12 Galaxies. And they told me I was the movie star.

======

What prompted your decision to use your now famous signs to spread your message? How did it start?

FRANK: I think it was Lenin and some of the Soviet Presidents that talked with me by ESP and helped me start the protest because the discrimination was preventing me from regular employment.

========

What is your greatest secret of them all?

FRANK: I think he was ruling 100 trillion galaxies across the solar system and also informed of my letters and my campaigns.

===============

Do you have bad days?

FRANK: ..Sometimes I was brainwashed very severely by some very corrupt types of murder cases that were committed by them from the 12 Galaxies. And also most of the former presidents of the White House were identified as guilities with murder cases. And I was brainwashed very severely. So i was countering that type of brainwashing, and that's why I was raising my voice.

======

Do you recommend any particular kind of shoes or shoe inserts for someone who is on their feet so much each day?

FRANK: I usually go to the Payless Shoe Stores. You can save a little money buying shoes over there

.====

Some of the words on your posters are not in the dictionary. Where do they come from?

FRANK: The UN presidents and their friends with the ESP can help me with choosing syllables that are referring to terminology outdating today's dictionary

.======

Are they expensive to make? They seem pretty high-quality.

FRANK: They're fairly inexpensive, they're $40 a sign.

===========

you're a fixture in this city and your dedication to your cause (whatever that is) is great. Thanks for being a cool part of San Francisco.

FRANK: Thank you. I met the mayor of SF. And most of the regular people from City Hall too.

=====

What is your relationship with Laughing Squid? Do they still sponsor you?

FRANK: They were an excellent advertiser. I was advertising for them for about 1 or 2 years. And they were paying me better than the former advertisers. And you could check their website, they have very nice events, cultural and technical. My advertising was finished already with them.

=====

You are usually at Westfield Center, can I give you money to advertise on your sign?

FRANK: I usually go in there about 2:30 pm. The Panda Express or Sarku restaurant. You can find me there and talk with me about it.

=============

What is your typical order at Panda Express?

FRANK: I like the Chicken Mushrooms and Beef with Broccoli.

=========

What do you like to do when you're done protesting for the day?

FRANK: I like to go to the Cheesecake Factory in SF. I also like the Starbucks in Hotel Nikko in Union Square.

====

Where do you get info on protests/events?

FRANK: I receive fliers for special events. My friend checks indybay.org for me. I met some of the staff at Answer Coalition. I also check the Bay Guardian and the Examiner. Sometimes friends tell me about events. Some regular events I just know about. I also check the calendar of the San Francisco Visitor Center.

====

If you could be any flavor of frozen yogurt what would you be?

FRANK: The Cheesecake factory has some very nice flavors and deserts, and I would like to be one of those.

==============

Besides protesting, have you tried any other means to be reimbursed for your acting? A law suit perhaps?

FRANK: I'm trying to go to the UN. I didn't get a response, but I might be able to go there in 2 or 3 year or after that. But some of the UN presidents probably already talked to me in person in downtown SF.

======

What do you think about when you're protesting every day?

FRANK: Try to stop the news vans and try to get filmed. I met most of the cameramen from the TV stations in SF.

What would you spend with your 3 billions? And if it all ends in your favor, Also, what do you like to do for fun and enjoyment aside from your protest schedule?

FRANK: I try to invest into the 1000 Galaxies. I usually just go to a regular place like the Cheesecake Factory or Starbucks. Sometimes I see a matinee movie at Metreon or Century. I met a friend from Belgium, he might invite me to go snow skiing.

What films did you star in? How did you get filmed? They were filming me with surveillance cameras hidden, and they can disappear into thin air, being invisible. The CIA kept the titles a secret from me.

=================

Do you have a hot tub? If so, can we hang out in it and talk more about the world?

FRANK: I don't have hot tub, but you could meet me on Market Street and we could probably talk more about the campaign.

 

How much do you charge for ads on one of your signs? How do you support your protests?

Who would you cast as yourself in a movie?

FRANK: I usually just become myself as a live performance based on a true story.

 

What are your favorite parts of San Francisco. Where do you tell people from out of town to visit? The Financial Dist, downtown SF, and Union Square, Cable Cars, Mkt ST and Montgomery.

Is there a point at which you plan to retire from protesting, or will you continue until your goals are achieved? I'll continue until I get to the UN and get it proven, and then if I get it proven I'll retire from protesting.

 

Can you explain what the PENULTIMATE RECITALS are? Are they on a galaxy? Those are referring to other galaxies, more advanced types of recitals, more advanced than today's recitals, and other orchestras and cantatas.

is the US was guilty of waging a secret war against the populations of the 12 galaxies.But I just read a post in this thread where you talk about Bill Clinton having friends in the 12 galaxies. Does this mean the US has taken sides in some type of partisan or sectarian conflict? There's a little misunderstanding there. Bill Clinton is guilty with the 12 Galaxies. They're not waging a war against the 12 Galaxies, they're guilty with the 12 Galaxies.

How do you maintain the motivation to keep your protest going? Have you ever considered giving up and admitting that it seems like the 12 Galaxies are just going to get away with it?Aside from failing to pay you, have the 12 Galaxies caused you any other harm? Sometimes it's kinda like survival of the fittest, because trying to constantly stop me from getting the campaigns proven, I have to constantly try to campaign because of the murder cases.I think they also committed very serious murder cases and tried to stop me from getting the campaigns proven.Well the responses came from meeting some of the reporters I met. I met John Edwards and John Kerry and George P. Schultz. And I told them of the populations of the other galaxies and that I was a movie star.

How does it work? Is there a clone of you in the other galaxies that is acting? Or did you act there yourself? I think there were also imposters or duplicates of me over here and they were just like twin brothers. And the CIA kept it a secret and they were disappearing in thin air with friends at 12 Galaxies and becoming duplicates of myself.

How did you become an intergalactic TV star? I think it is because I was taking too much discrimination or corruption, so that made my fame more across other galaxies or other planets.There might be some other ones also. It might have been some of those homeless camps, those tents that were setting up, the Occupy camps.

Do you have any family around? What do you do for a living while you're waiting for the three billion dollars? I visit my family for Thanksgiving and Christmas, and some of them brought the article and showed it to me. I was published on one of the newspapers. I told them about populations of the other galaxies and that I was a movie star, and I think they were very much agreeing with it.My brother was identified as involved with the 12 galaxies with Bill Clinton, he stole my grant deed, so now I'm eligible for SSI disability.

What have you learned about humanity from your interactions during your campaign? I think Bill Clinton and most of the Presidents of the White House committed very serious crimes and murder cases, with their friends at 12 Galaxies of populations.

 

Are you still being filmed and starring in any TV shows and movies elsewhere? Do you think your movies and shows will ever air on earth?

I'm also identified as the TV star, the regular weekly show, I think the movies were across the 110 Galaxies across the solar system. Yes I think that Universal Studios and Hollywood already aired the shows regularly, but the CIA kept them secret from me my whole life.

I see you mention space vacations. Where have you gone in the past and where would you like to go in the future?

I went to the Great Wall of China, but I think the CIA and the 12 Galaxies probably have false publications, it was probably the North Korean / South Korean wall over there, Also the Encyclopedia Brittanica is also involved in false publications about the the Great Wall of China, it was probably a movie also.

 

Have you been clinically diagnosed with any mental illnesses? How do you view those diagnoses if so?

That's actually a malpractice with the CIA and the 12 Galaxies.

When do you plan what to put on your sign? What makes you change your mind? How many days do you have planned in advance?

Each week I was able to write a new sign. I purchase a new sign each week.

 

How have you found time to protest at such a constant rate? Do you have any side jobs?

There was too much discrimination against my regular employment, so that's why I had all the extra time to do the protesting. No side jobs.

  

[–Can you tell us about your Sunglasses? What brand do you prefer? Are they prescription sunglasses?I purchase my sunglasses from Walgreens or on the stand on Market Street. Not prescription.

, what do you think about how the city has been changing over the past 10 - 15 years?I think the crime rate needs to be countered with more police officers.

You said earlier that most of the time you star as yourself in a live performance based on a true story . What do you think is the most entertaining/interesting part about your life that would make people want to watch?I wrote letters to CBS news and ABC news about him ruling 100 trillion Galaxies of populations across the solar system.

Have you ever received a response from the UN, CBS, or ABC?

Some of the UN Presidents probably already talked to me in person in downtown SF. And ABC and CBS I've met both their producers before.

 

Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?I never was a member and never involved, but I wrote them letters trying to get them involved to help me get new coverage on behalf of my campaigns.

  

==

…..In Ever Loving Memory….

…………..……of………………

GEORGE HORATIO GOODRICK

The dearly beloved & Eldest son of

Nehemiah & Lydia Goodrick

…….Who died on Service……..

………Novbr 15th 1918………..

……….Aged 33 years…………

___________

Until the day breaks & the shadows

flee away

____________

 

…………..Also of…………………

……GEORGE KITCHENER…..

..Dearly loved son of the above..

…..Who died March 6th 1917……

……….Aged 2 years…………….

_____________

Peace, Perfect Peace

 

Erected by his Mother

 

GOODRICK, G

Rank:………………….Private

Service No:……………37885

Date of Death:………..15/11/1918

Regiment:……………..Somerset Light Infantry

………………………..1st Bn.

Grave Reference:…….E. 36.

Cemetery:……………..WATTON (ST. MARY) CHURCHYARD

CWGC: www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2803593/GOODRICK,%20G

(Note, other sources have him buried in the Watton Nonconformist Burial Ground as George Horatio Goodrick)

www.breckland-rollofhonour.org.uk/ovington.html

www.breckland-rollofhonour.org.uk/watton_noncon.html

(However this family genealogy site indicates they are at the same place.)

www.goodrickfamilyhistory.co.uk/419741173

 

This soldier does not appear to be recorded in SDGW under the name Goodrick or Goodrich, (see below). Presumably this is because he died after the Armistice.

 

The Medal Index Card for Private 37885 George Goodrich, Somerset Light Infantry, is held at the National Archive under reference WO 372/8/62174

discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D2371015

 

There do not appear to be any Service Records for him under either spelling of his surname.

 

There does not appear to be a Soldiers Will or Civil Probate for this man under either spelling.

 

No match on Picture Norfolk under either spelling.

 

1885 – Birth and baptism of George

 

The birth of a George Horatio Goodrick was recorded in the July to September quarter, (Q3), of 1885 in the Wayland District of Norfolk.

(NB The birth of a George Hector Goodrick was recorded in the July to September quarter, (Q3), of 1884 in the nearby Depwade District of Norfolk so care must be taken to keep the two apart when going through the official paper trail.)

 

The baptism of a George Horatio Goodrick, son of Nehemiah Dawson Goodrick and Lydia Goodrick took place at Swaffham on the 4th June 1885.

familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:J7RN-2X1

 

The 1885-86 and 1888 Norfolk Registers of Electors has Nehemiah entitled to vote as the householder of a dwelling house at Walsingham Terrace, Watton.

1885-86 Source: familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2H1Z-JGP

1888 Source: familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2HYC-QJ4

 

1891 Census of England and Wales

 

The 5 year old George Goodrick, born Watton, was recorded living at a dwelling at Watton, (no fuller address shown on this page of the schedule or the preceding eight pages.). This was the household of his parents, Nehemiah, (aged 35 and a Machinist from Wellingham, (?-tbc), Norfolk) and Lydia, (aged 38 and from Rockland, Norfolk). As well as George, their other children are:-

Lilly……aged 3…….born Watton

Thank (? – daughter)….aged 2…….born Watton

 

His future wife, the 1 year old Emma Carr, born Shipdham, Norfolk, was recorded living at 1 High Street, Shipdham. This was the household of her parents, Alfred, (aged 43 and a Farmer from Weasenham,Norfolk) and Henrietta, (aged 44 and from Shipdham). As well as Emma, children living with them are Lewis, (21, Agricultural Labourer), Alice, (20), Charles, (12), Walter, (8) and Richard, (5) – all born Shipdham.

 

1901 Census of England and Wales

 

The Goodrick family were recorded living at Norwich Road, Watton. Along with father, Nehemiah, (43, Machinist and Brass Founder, possibly from Wilmingham or Wreningham or Weasenham, Norfolk) and mother Lydia, (42), children still at home are George, (15, Farmers Assistant), Lilly, (14) and a son Frank, (12 and born Watton)

 

Emma Carr and her family were now recorded living at The Cottages, Watton Road, Shipdham. Alfred, (53, now an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer), and Harriet, (54) live there with Emma, (11) and Richard, (15).

 

1911 Census of England and Wales

 

George, aged 25, single and a Cattle Dealer was still recorded living at home with his parents on Norwich Road, Watton. Nehemiah, (53 and an Iron Founder) and Lydia, (53 and a Laundress), have been married 33 years and have had 14 children of which 4 were then still alive. As well as George, their son Frank, (22, Painter), was also still living with them along with a niece, Sarah Brummell, aged 14 and In Service, born Caston, Norfolk.

 

Emma Carr, 21, single and from Shipdham was recorded staying at 61 Water Lane, Stratford, Essex. Her relationship to the head of the household is given as “Sister” but I suspect this is sister-in-law. Head of the household is a married Grocer for the Co-operative Society, Francis Burdett Lawrance, aged 31 and from Stratford. His wife of 10 years is Nellie Henrietta, aged 35 and from Shipdham, Norfolk. So far the couple have had 5 children, of which 2 were then still alive .

 

Her widower father, Alfred, (aged 63 and a Farm Labourer from Westacre, Norfolk), was recorded living at Watton Road, Shipdham.

 

1912 – Marriage

 

The marriage of a George Goodrick to and Emma Carr was recorded in the Wayland District in the April to June quarter, (Q2), of 1912.

 

The marriage actually took place at St Mary, Watton on the 4th April 1912. George Goodrick, aged 25 and a Bachelor, was a Dealer living in Watton. His bride, Emma Carr, was a 23 year old Spinster who lived in Watton. His father was Nehemiah Goodrick, Blacksmith, while hers was Alfred Carr, Farmer. Witnesses were George H (no surname in the transcribed version) and Frank Clayton.

freereg2.freereg.org.uk/search_records/5510ab8fe93790f8ad...

 

1913 – Birth of Gladys

 

The birth of a Gladys H Goodrick, mothers maiden name Carr, was recorded in the Wayland District of Norfolk in the April to June, (Q2), quarter of 1913.

 

It may be a co-incidence but a search of the marriage records for England and Wales produces only one Gladys H Goodrick. She married a Kenneth Benstead in the East Dereham District of Norfolk in the January to March quarter, (Q1), of 1940.

 

A further co-incidence may be the death of a Gladys Hilda Benstead, born 22nd April 1913, who died in the January to March quarter, (Q1), of 2000 in the Kings Lynn District of Norfolk.

 

1914 – Birth of George

 

The birth of a George K Goodrick, mothers maiden name Carr, was recorded in the Wayland District of Norfolk in the October to December quarter, (Q4), of 1914.

 

From the headstone we know that George Kitchener Goodrick died on the 6th March 1917.

 

1914 & 1915 – Norfolk Register of Electors

 

A George Goodrick was recorded as entitled to vote as a result of having a house and land known as “The Cock Inn” Ovington.

1914 Source: familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2CMP-VXT

1915 Source: familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2HTN-3TG

 

George was the Licensee of the Cock from 1912-1916 – apparently is disappears from the licensing records after that date although it would not formally close as a public house until 1957 and would eventually become a private dwelling.

www.norfolkpubs.co.uk/norfolko/ovington/ovingco.htm

 

1917 - Birth and Baptism of Frank

 

The birth of a Frank J Goodrick, mothers maiden name Carr, was recorded in the Wayland District of Norfolk in the January to March, (Q1), quarter of 1917.

 

The baptism of a Frank Goodrick , no date of birth recorded, took place at St John the Evangelist, Ovington, on the 8th April 1917. The transcriber has noted that Frank has a Middle name but its not legible. His parents are George “Haritio”, a Soldier, and Emma. The family live at Ovington.

freereg2.freereg.org.uk/search_records/552916a2f493fdc9cb...

 

It may be a co-incidence but a search of the marriage records for England and Wales produces only one Frank J Goodrick. He married a Queenie W Childs in the Mitford District of Norfolk in the January to March quarter, (Q1), of 1938.

 

It may not relate but given the family preference for military hero middle names for their boy children, then the fact that there is a Frank Jellicoe Goodrick, born 4th January 1917 and died in the East Dereham District of Norfolk in the October to December quarter, (Q4), of 1985, would appear worthy of further investigation.

 

Military Career

 

*Embarked 24-11-17. *Arrived Infantry Base Depot 27-11-17. *Joined 4th Division SLI with Battalion 30-11-17. *Admitted 8th Casualty clearance station with Gastritis 27-12-17. *Admitted 1st Canadian General Hospital Branch 30-12-17. *Arrived Infantry Base Depot 18-03-18. *Rejoined Battalion 25-03-18. *Dep d 3 Days Pay 19-03-18. (0.1810. 20-04-18). *Leave 10th-24th-11-18. * Died whilst on Leave 15-11-18. Pneumonia (B213 form 28-12-18.)*No2 Records office Exeter No15555. 16-01-19.

www.goodrickfamilyhistory.co.uk/419741173

 

Without his service records its difficult to know when he might have been gassed on the Western Front – the statement six months before he died points to March or April 1918.

 

The evidence from the 1st Battalions Official History is that from Winter 1917 the emphasis in training was on gas precaution measures, as German bombardments frequently combined high explosive with gas.

 

(Page 65) “In addition to the various phases of open warfare, gas drill and gas discipline received great attention, owing to the ever increasing use of gas shells by the enemy.”

 

During the days of March and April there are references to heavy shelling and bombardment, but only once is there a specific reference to gas.

 

(Page 69) At 3 a.m., on March 28th, a heavy barrage fell North and South of the Scarpe, together with a considerable quantity of gas.

 

About 6 a.m. orders were received to move the two companies in Stirling Camp forward to join the remainder of the Battalion in the Third Trench system. Shortly afterwards these two companies and Battalion H.O.marched off. The Fampoux road was being heavily shelled, and there was so much gas about that box respirators had to be worn. A track North of the road, however, was used, and the companies arrived in position with the loss of only one man : Battalion H.O. was established in Pudding Trench.

 

At 7.30 a.m. the German attack was launched. A magnificent defence was offered by the 4th Division and the 56th Division on its left : the enemy were held, and were only able to occupy our most advanced trenches. The attack was made in great depth with large forces. Greenland Hill was alive with infantry in massed formations, advancing to exploit the success expected from the leading troops, with guns, limbers, wagons, and mounted officers.

 

Wonderful targets were offered to our artillery, but unfortunately communications generally failed owing to the enemy's bombardment, and in many cases it was impossible to get the guns on to the targets.

 

Excellent work was performed by one or two artillery forward observation officers, who in spite of every difficulty managed to keep their lines going through most of the day, and they had some magnificent shooting.

 

At 9.30 a.m., owing to the pressure of the enemy to the South, C Company was sent to form a defensive flank facing South along the Scarpe from the front line Third system just West of Fampoux to the Army Line, and to guard in particular all the bridges.

 

At noon the Hampshires were holding Cadiz and Coot trenches : the 12th Brigade on the left prolonged this line to the North, but it was necessary to send forward one (Page 70) company of the Rifle Brigade, who were in support, to fill a gap between the two brigades.

 

The 10th Brigade on the right also broke the enemy's attack, but as its right flank was very much exposed owing to the German advance South of the river, it had to withdraw about 2 p.m., but through a misunderstanding of the orders received it retired too far, almost to Athies.

 

The Hampshires still held on to the Cadiz line, with their right on the railway.

No further change took place during the remainder of the day.

 

During the 28th the Battalion had not been involved in the actual fight, but had been subjected to heavy shelling, and was fortunate in only having twelve casualties.”

 

From: A history of the 1st Battalion, the Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's) : July 1st, l916, to the end of the war by Major V H B Majendie, published 1921.

 

On the day

 

The death of a George H Goodrick, aged 33, was recorded in the Wayland District of Norfolk in the October to December quarter, (Q4), of 1918.

 

From a piece on Thankful Villages – those whose menfolk all returned from the War.

 

Ovington, Norfolk, was originally included in List Two because there are two "soldiers died" listed as having been born there but without places of residence given. Research has indicated another Ovington soldier, however. He was Pte G.H. Goodrick who died in Ovington on 15th November, 1918. He is not listed in "Soldiers Died in the Great War" but his burial at Watton Nonconformist Burial Ground is recorded by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Furthermore, the "Thetford and Watton Times" for 23 Nov 1918 says he was "of the Cock Inn, Ovington." and had "been gassed on the Western Front about six months ago." On 30th November the same newspaper reported Pte. Goodrick's funeral with full military honours and confirmed his address as "The Cock Inn, Ovington."

www.breckland-rollofhonour.org.uk/ovington.html

(The Thankful Villages Website link no longer works).

 

Entry The Breckles Deanery and District Magazine December 1918

· Ovington. Rev. J. Roscoe, Rector.

· The Thanksgiving Service for the armistice, though only imperfectly announced, owing to the limited time for so doing, still drew a great many people and was inspiring. It was encouraging to find the members of the parish unanimous in ascribing to God their thanks and honour for the cessation's of hostilities. We now pray that there may be an abiding peace arrived at shortly.

· WAR NEWS. In the midst of our rejoicing for the cessation of hostilities we are solemnized by the death of Pte.George Goodrick, who came home gassed and died from pneumonia within a week after arrival. We deeply sympathize with the widow and her two small children.

www.goodrickfamilyhistory.co.uk/419741173

 

BL Add MS 62925

  

Date c 1260

  

Title Psalter, Use of Sarum ('The Rutland Psalter')

  

Content Contents: ff. 1r-6v: Calendar, use of Sarum, with the feasts for each month in red, blue and gold, with small roundels of the labours of the month and the zodiac symbols.ff. 7r-v: Volvelle compass, 15th century insertion.ff. 8v-143r: Psalter, Use of Sarum.ff. 143r-155v: Canticles and Athanasian Creed.ff. 155v-159v: Litany and prayers to various saints.ff. 160r-168r: Office of the Dead.ff. 169r-190v: Added prayers and devotions.Decoration:The decoration in this volume is the work of four major artists and their assistants (see Morgan, ‘The Artists of the Rutland Psalter’, 1987). 7 full-page or partial-page miniatures in gold and colours (ff. 8v, 29r, 43r, 55r, 83v, 97v, 112v), 8 historiated initials (ff. 29v, 43v, 55v, 56r, 68v, 84r, 98r, 99v), and 1 major decorated initial (f. 113r). 24 calendar roundels of the signs of the zodiac and labours of the month (ff. 1r-6v). Diagram, volvelle compass (f. 7r). Minor initials, inhabited and decorated, and extensive bas-de-page figural scenes with men, grotesques, demons, animals, birds, dragons, and foliage; some scenes taken from bestiaries and the Marvels of the East. Partial borders, some with hybrids and grotesques, and line-fillers, some fully painted. Some decoration is unfinished (e.g. f. 28v, at the end of Psalm 25), and f. 68r, which is blank, was probably intended to contain a miniature preceding Psalm 68.Miniatures and major initials:f. 7r: Volvelle compass, 15th century insertion.f. 8v: full-page historiated initial ‘B’(eatus) of King David harping, and the Judgement of Solomon, amidst men in combat astride lions and dragons, with roundels containing scenes from Creation and men in combat, at the beginning of Psalm 1, with a curtain above.f. 29r: full-page miniature of the Anointing and Crowning of King David, with Christ above flanked by the Sun (marked as a Host) and Moon, before Psalm 26; pasted in on a separate piece of parchment. f. 29v: historiated initial ‘D’(ominus) of Christ healing the blind man, at the beginning of Psalm 26.f. 43r: full-page miniature of Balaam, riding an ass, meeting the Angel wielding a sword, before Psalm 38, with a curtain above. f. 43v: historiated initial ‘D’(ixi) of King David pointing to his mouth, with a youth pointing upwards, at the beginning of Psalm 38.f. 55r: full-page miniature of Saul threatening King David, before Psalm 51, with a curtain above.f. 55v: historiated initial ‘Q’(uid) of Saul and Ahimelech as a king about to behead a priest kneeling before an altar (a misunderstanding of Doeg killing Ahimelech), at the beginning of Psalm 51.f. 56r: historiated initial ‘D’(ixit) of King David and the Fool, with God above, at the beginning of Psalm 51.f. 68v: historiated initial ‘S’(alvum) of Christ holding a host, above Jonah being thrown from a boat to the whale below, at the beginning of Psalm 68. f. 83v: three-quarter page miniature of Jacob’s dream of the ladder, before Psalm 80, with a curtain above.f. 84r: historiated initial ‘E’(xultate) of Jacob wrestling with the angel, at the beginning of Psalm 80.f. 97v: half-page miniature of King David playing the organ, accompanied by youths with bellows and hurdy gurdy, before Psalm 97.f. 98r: historiated initial ‘C’(antate) of King David harping, accompanied by musicians, at the beginning of Psalm 97.f. 99v: historiated initial ‘D’(omine) of a king and queen kneeling before an altar, with Christ above with a sword in his mouth, at the beginning of Psalm 101. f. 112v: full-page miniature of Christ in Majesty, surrounded by the four symbols of the Evangelists, before Psalm 109, with a curtain above.f. 113r: illuminated initial ‘D’(ixit), at the beginning of Psalm 109.

  

Languages Latin

  

Physical Description

Materials: Parchment codex.

Dimensions: 285 x 205 mm (text space: 185 x 135 mm).

Foliation: ff. 190 (+ 3 foliated parchment flyleaves at the beginning and 2 fragmentary parchment flyleaves at the end; f. i is a paste-down on the inside front cover and f. v is a paste-down on the inside back cover; f. 191 is a fragmentary foliated leaf).

Collation: i6 (f. 7 is a 15th century insertion); ii-xxiii8; xxiv8-2 (lacking leaves 7 & 8).

Script: Gothic (textualis quadrata).

Binding: Pre-1600 (between 1515 and 1530) blind-stamped binding with an armorial panel, gold-tooled spine, and two clasps (some of the original metalwork has been replaced and is boxed with the manuscript).

  

Ownership Origin: England (London?).The family of Edmund de Lacy, second Earl of Lincoln (b. c. 1230, d. 1258): his obit added to the calendar for 24 May (f. 3r). Richard de Talbot, second Baron Talbot, of Irchingfield and Goodrich (b. c. 1306, d. 1356): his obit, 'Obitus dni Ric Talebot dni de Iirchenfeld et castri godr anno dni mccclvi', now erased, added to the calendar for 22 October (f. 5v). 'Umfrehay' with motto 'verray et secrete', inscribed between 1400 and 1499 (f. v and f. 168r, under erasure). William Vaux (b. c. 1410, d. 1460), Sheriff of Northamptonshire (1436) and MP for Northamptonshire (1442): his obit in added to the calendar for 10 November (f. 6r). Henry Gairstang (d. 1464): his obit added to the calendar for 12 September (f. 5r).John Hawghe, Justice of the Common Pleas (d. 1488/9): his obit added to the calendar for 14 March (f. 2r).John Clifton, Prior of Reading Abbey between 1486 and 1490: ex libris donation inscription, under erasure: ‘Iste liber est dono dompni Johannis Clifton prioris venerabilis monasterii de Radyng quem fieri alienaverit vel de eo fraudem fecerit anathema sit’ (f. iv verso). The Clunaic Abbey of Reading, Reading, Berkshire: given to the Abbey by John Clifton, 1490.Ethelbert Burdet, canon of Lincoln, 1565: his inscription, dated 2 October 1587 (f. ii recto). Bossewell (?): 17th century inscription (f. v). Waren (?): 17th century inscription (f. v).John Henry Manners, fifth Duke of Rutland (b. 1778, d. 1857): manuscript catalogue of Belvoir Castle Library 1825, pressmark 'C. 6. 5' (f. i). Purchased by the British Library from the trustees of the ninth Duke of Rutland's estate, through Christies, with the assistance of the National Art Collections Fund, the Friends of the National Libraries, the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the G. B. Shaw Fund, in December 1983.

  

Bibliography

E. M. Thompson, 'Notes on the Illuminated Manuscripts in the Exhibition of English Medieval Paintings.' Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 2nd Series, 16 (1895-1897), p. 220.

Society of Antiquaries of London, Catalogue of Exhibition of English Medieval Paintings and Illuminated Manuscripts: June 8th to June 20th, 1896 (London: Society of Antiquaries of London, 1896), p.8, no.10 [exhibition catalogue].

John W. Mackail, The Life of William Morris, (London: Longmans, 1901), vol. 2, p. 329.

A. Haseloff, 'La miniature dans les pays cisalpins depuis le commencement du XIIe jusqu'au milieu du XIVe siècle', in Histoire de l'Art, ed. by A. Michel, II, 1 (Paris, 1906), p. 349, fig. 272.

Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, Illustrated Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1908), no. 43, pl. 41.

J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen and Co., 1911), pp.188-90.

Eric George Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts from the Xth to the XIIIth Century (Paris: Van Oest, 1926), pp. 53, 96, 121, pls. 78-80.

O. Elfrida Saunders, English Illumination (Florence: Pantheon, 1928; reprinted New York: Hacker Art Books, 1969), I, pp. 62, 65.

Victoria and Albert Museum, English Medieval Art: Exhibition Catalogue (London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1930), no. 156 [exhibition catalogue].

Eric George Millar, The Rutland Psalter: A Manuscript in the Library of Belvoir Castle, (Oxford: Roxburghe Club, 1937).

Hans Swarzenski, 'Unknown Bible Pictures by W. de Brailes', Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, I (1938), p.63.

Günther Haseloff, Die Psalterillustration im 13. Jahrhundert. Studien zur Buchmalerei in England, Frankreich und den Niederländen (Kiel, 1938), p. 61, table 16.

Stanley Morison and Bruce Rogers, Black-Letter Text (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1942), p. 35.

Louis Réau, La Miniature (Melun: Librairie d’Argences, 1946), p. 119, pl. 44.

A. Hollaender, 'The Sarum Illuminator and his School', Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 50 (1943), p. 261.

Aron Andersson, English Influence in Norwegian and Swedish Figure Sculpture in Wood, 1220-1270 (Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvetets akademien, 1950), pp. 184, 265.

Horst Woldemar Janson, Apes and Ape Lore in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (London: Warburg Institute, 1952), pp.110, 146, 193, n.60, pl. XXa.

Margaret Josephine Rickert, Painting in Britain: the Middle Ages (London: Penguin Books, 1954), p. 105.

R. Freyhan, 'Joachism and the English Apocalypse', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 18 (1955), p. 235.

F. Nordstrom, 'Peterborough, Lincoln and the Science of Robert Grosseteste', Art Bulletin, 37 (1955), p. 252.

Lucy Freeman Sandler, ‘A Series of Marginal Illustrations in the Rutland Psalter’, Marsyas: Studies in the History of Art 8 (1959), pp. 70-74.

Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Réveils et Prodiges, le Gothique Fantastique (Paris : A. Colin, 1960), pp. 147, 150-52, 321, figs. 34, 36, 37, 38a, 38c, 11b.

M. Schapiro, 'An Illuminated English Psalter of the Early Thirteenth Century', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, XXIII (1960), pp. 180, 184, pl. 24e.

R. Horlbeck, 'The Vault Paintings of Salisbury Cathedral', Archaeological Journal, CXVII (1962), p. 119.

F. McCulloch, 'The Funeral of Renart the Fox in a Walters Book of Hours', Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, 25/26 (1962/1963), p. 14, no. 17.

Erwin Panofsky, 'The Ideological Antecedents of the Rolls-Royce Radiator', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 107 (1963), pp. 277-78, figs. 10, 11.

Neil R. Ker, Medieval Libraries of Great Britain (London: Royal Historical Society, 1964), pp. 155, 295.

Derek Howard Turner, Early Gothic Illuminated Manuscripts in England (London: British Museum, 1965), p. 23.

William M. Hinkle, The Portal of the Saints of Reims Cathedral: A Study in Mediaeval Iconography (New York: College Art Association of America, 1965), p. 34, fig. 47.

Lilian M. C. Randall, Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966), p. 10, figs. 40, 101, 103, 202, 321, 362, 382, 416, 451, 454, 458, 502, 547, 663, 718, 731, 739.

Lilian M. C. Randall, 'Humour and Fantasy in the Margins of an English Book of Hours', Apollo, 84 (1966), pp. 487-88.

Peter H. Brieger, English Art 1216-1307, Oxford History of English Art 4, 2nd edn. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), pp.158, no.1, 178-79.

G. Henderson, 'Studies in English Manuscript Illumination, II', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 30 (1967), p. 118.

Werner Bachmann, The Origins of Bowing and the Development of Bowed Instruments in the Thirteenth Century (London: Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 109, fig. 86.

Howard Helsinger, ‘Images on the Beatus Page of Some Medieval Psalters,’ The Art Bulletin 53, no. 2 (June 1971), pp. 161-76 (p. 171).

Jean Perrot, The Organ from its Invention in the Hellenistic Period to the end of the Thirteenth Century (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 282-83, 285, pl. XXVII.2.

Johannes Zahlten, Creatio Mundi. Darstellungen der sechs Schöpfungstage und naturwissenschaftliches Weltbild im Mittelalter (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1979), pp. 64, 247.

John Block Friedman, The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981), pp. 139-40, figs. 40a, 40b.

Lucy Freeman Sandler, 'Reflections on the Construction of Hybrids in English Gothic Marginal Illustration', in Art the Ape of Nature: Studies in Honor of H.W. Janson, ed. by Moshe Barasch and others (New York: H. N. Abrams, 1981), pp. 54-55, 65, no. 38, fig. 7.

Kerstin Rodin, Räven Predikar för Gässen: en studie av ett ordspråk I senmedeltida ikonografi (Uppsala: Upsalla universitet, 1983), pp. 47, 52, fig. 12.

Susann Palmer, ‘Origin of the Hurdy-Gurdy: A Few Comments’, The Galpin Society Journal 36 (March 1983), pp. 129-31.

Derek Howard Turner, 'The Rutland Psalter', National Art-Collections Fund Review (1984), pp. 94-97.

Nigel Morgan, 'The Artists of the Rutland Psalter', British Library Journal, 13, no. 2 (Autumn 1987), pp. 159-85.

Andrew G. Watson and Neil R. Ker, Medieval Libraries of Great Britain: Supplement to the Second Edition (London: Royal Historical Society, 1987), [Reading, formerly Belvoir, Duke of Rutland].

Nigel Morgan, Early Gothic Manuscripts (II) 1250-1285, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 4 (London: Harvey Miller, 1988), no. 112.

Adelaide Bennett, 'A Book Designed for a Noblewoman’, in Medieval Book Production: Assessing the Evidence: Proceedings of the Second Conference of The Seminar in the History of the Book to 1500, Oxford, July 1988, ed. by Linda L. Brownrigg, (Los Altos Hills, California: Anderson-Lovelace, 1990), pp. 1163-181 (p. 1181).

Claire Donovan, The de Brailes Hours: Shaping the Book of Hours in Thirteenth-Century Oxford (London, British Library, 1991), p. 203. no. 24.

Michael Camille, Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art (London: Reaktion, 1992), pl. 6.

Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 64.

Alan Coates, English Medieval Books: The Reading Abbey Collections from Foundation to Dispersal (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), p. 161 no. 94.

John Higgitt, The Murthly Hours: Devotion, Literacy and Luxury in Paris, England and the Gaelic West (London: British Library, 2000), pp. 81, 154.

Lucy Freeman Sandler, ‘The Images of Words in English Gothic Psalters’, in Studies in the Illustration of the Psalter, ed. by Brendan Cassidy and Rosemary Muir Wright (Stamford: Shaun Tyas, 2000), pp. 67-86 (p. 76, 77).

Alixe Bovey, Monsters and Grotesques in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2002) p. 51, fig. 43.

Debra Higgs Strickland, Saracens, Demons, & Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), fig. 17, 55, 59.

Paul Binski, Becket’s Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England 1170-1300 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pl. 211.

F. O. Büttner, ‘Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen’, in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, ed. by F. O. Büttner, (Belgium: Brepols, 2004), pp. 1-106 (pp. 17, 20).

Alison Stones, 'The Full-Page Miniatures of the Psalter-Hours New York, PML, ms M.729: Progamme and Patron', in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, ed. by F. O. Büttner, (Belgium: Brepols, 2004), pp. 281-307 (p. 297, no. 19).

The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, ed. by Paul Binski and Stella Panayotova (London: Harvey Miller, 2005), p. 112.

Nigel Morgan, 'The Trinity Apocalypse: Style, Dating and Place of Production', in The Trinity Apocalypse (Trinity College Cambridge, MS R.16.2) (London: British Library, 2005), pp. 23-43 (pp. 26, 28, 30, figs 22-23).

Treasures of the British Library, ed. by Nicolas Barker and others (London: British Library, 2005), p. 261.

Laura Kendrick, ‘Making Sense of Marginalized Images in Manuscripts and Religious Architecture’, in A Companion to Medieval Art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe, ed. by Conrad Rudolph (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 286-88, fig. 13-2.

Asa Simon Mittman, Maps and Monsters in Medieval England (New York: Routledge, 2006), fig. 5.5.

Deirdre Jackson, Marvellous to Behold: Miracles in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 26.

Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, Bible Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), p. 109, fig. 96.

Margaret Scott, Medieval Dress & Fashion (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 36.

Lucy Freeman Sandler, Studies in Manuscript Illumination, 1200-1400 (London: Pindar Press, 2008).

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I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.

  

TASAWWUF

"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)

 

SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM

Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.

 

BIOGRAPHY

Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.

 

Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)

 

THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL

The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.

 

SHARIAH & SUFISM

Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.

 

ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE

Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.

 

WHAT’S SUFISM

Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).

 

ZIKR-E QALBI

However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’

 

PAS ANFAS

Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.

 

SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

 

SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)

The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.

 

THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH

1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).

 

THE SPIRIT OR RUH

The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.

 

LATAIF

The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.

 

FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD

There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.

 

SULOOK

Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.

  

ZIKR

Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.

 

KHALIFA MAJAZEEN

Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)

 

The approved names at that time included:

1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,

2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,

3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,

4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,

5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,

6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,

7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,

8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,

9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,

10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,

11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.

 

These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

 

Norio sleeping on the couch (which we bought for us in the misunderstanding it was for us and not the cats) this afternoon.

www.klump.photo

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Kannada and Tamil Bhakti poetry of South India. In addition to the main signal, WVIR can be seen on two translators. Marx's reply to an article by August Willich. Davis responded that Haggis's claims were based on misunderstandings. Hetherington was married twice. The newspaper features eight pages of editorial with another two to four for advertisement. He saw the little girl sitting on the floor, and digging up something between the boards of the floor. The poem comes from a time when Aleksey K.

Melcombe Regis was at that time without any church or other religious foundation. BeOS as early as 1996. Artwork presented in Abort Magazine , Canadian art magazine, Vancouver. Invest in Finland and other programs attempt to attract investment. Soviet Voluntary Sports Society. Like Shi Lang, Zhi Qiang is also admired by many girls at school. Twenty six species of algae have also been recorded. The accusations from his former friends caused him tremendous grief and fueled his drug addictions.

Wallace is in Steuben County but there is no article at present. JTS 1935 XXXVI, pp. An old Jewish man was standing nearby, as poor and hunched as the cottage itself. Miniseries of 2 episodes of 75 minutes. David Fanning, Notes to Sviatoslav Richter performs Chopin and Liszt, BBC Legends CD 2000. Guarapo is very similar to Chicha. Methodologically, a wide variety of approaches have been taken. In practice, prices in the Palestinian territories are quoted in Israeli currency.

Anthony Judge's personal website. No equivalent free replacement can be created as this car is no longer in production. Such a field is extremely weak and requires extremely sensitive measurements to be detected. Have some miscellaneous tracts which may be published. Election rivals question Kosovo PM's victory claim. Such students would probably also look at real patients as objects, he said. Cornerstone, National Legal Aid and Defender Association, Spring 1993. They produced several LP's and went through numerous personnel changes .

As Lord Chancellor, Morton was tasked with restoring the royal estate, depleted by Edward IV. Sprayberry personally killed 12 enemy soldiers, eliminated 2 machineguns, and destroyed numerous enemy bunkers. He has served on numerous COSIDA committees over the years and has chaired the Committee on Committees and the Ethics Committee. Jackson played this game after being benched last week for being late to a meeting. Macapagal writes that they buried the brothers in shallow graves dug with bayonets and marked by twigs. Eternal hybrid Kronos trying to trick the Master into punishing the Chronovores for his lifetime of imprisonment. The control of the amount of money in the economy is known as monetary policy. On December 1, 1996, the Nobel family remembrance evening was held in the church.

In this connection every opportunity to support German mercantile warfare must be exploited. Friends, I have lost a day. He married Meade's friend Nancy Powers Horrigan in November 1980. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the Queen's preferred weekend home. This can also help a person to form or discover his identity without any outside distractions. The school is committed to developing student competence and confidence in academic, social and independent living skills. Santa Fe Railroad Warehouse on Jackson St. Viana Chestnut, which transformed itself into a emblem of the region, even to this day.

The film opened to average reviews and fared poorly at the box office. For this reason, only electric driven passenger ships, rowing and pedal boats have been permitted on the lake since 1909. As he has grown as an individual and as a musician, so has his views which are expressed through his music. The missions of the High Sports Military Center are centered around the army and sports federation. Brown and LeAnne K. There are currently 50 registered psychotherapists and about 100 supervised students at the clinic. The Basarwa have taken things into their own hands when it comes to pushing back against relocation. Basketball Varsity Team reaching the finals of the MARIPRISAA competition.

When Brown's version failed to become a hit, Reeves recorded his. TOIlet seeks to extend FIGlet to use colour text. Lamarck's theories and was influenced by them. PST, on 18 January. Alanson Crane of Virginia. The year 1940 saw the collapse of Carol II's regime. Southeast Asia when it was started in 1849 and completed in 1852. Translated from the Old Church Slavonic by Robert Elsie. Linda and Charlotte then dragged Noor's corpse into the bathroom where they began to dismember the remains. Because it unique identifies the brand and there is no alternative. Bill Russell is second at 42. He refused, and they left.

Jake takes Michael home while Sarah lights candles and sets the mood. American Legion also provides regional, state, and national playoffs. In 1971 he pushed his way onto the national scene by taking a leading role in getting the Farm Credit Act passed. Gilgamesh hardliners bent on destroying the Gilgamesh at any cost.

The unknown has plagued mankind since the dawn of time...

Fear, mistrust, uncertainty and assumption have been a poisonous bane of civilization from the highest lofts of mighty empires to the singular relationships between man and woman...

And both have been brought to their respective knees by the power of doubt and unanswered question...

Wars have been waged and hearts have been broken over little more than misunderstanding...

 

i can't look you in the eye.

cos this relationship is full of lies.

and misunderstandings

and forgivings when its not even my fault.

 

what can i do

when my world is you

but this time i can't

i just can't forgive.

Village Badammage toli, Block Namkum, District Ranchi. Jharkhand, India..Vegetables are on display during the discussion on safe delivery, breastfeeding, immunisation, and other essential care practices during pregnancy and early childhood at Anganwadi Kendra in Ranchi. Anganwadi worker in every targeted village teams up with a small group of local resource people who are then given a basic training in nutrition, childcare and hygiene. Once trained, the team visits pregnant women and mothers of newborns in their homes to educate them about safe delivery, breastfeeding, immunisation, and other essential care practices during pregnancy and early childhood UNICEF is prioritizing reducing the high malnutrition and child mortality rates, and reaching out to millions of families in Jharkhand to address these concerns. The Dular strategy, which trains village women to counsel new mothers about breastfeeding and proper nutrition, is a successful approach that is already expected to prevent about one quarter of newborn deaths and save the lives of thousands of older babies and children. The Dular initiative is of particular importance to tribal children who are most vulnerable to disease, malnutrition and education disparities, as prejudice, isolation and misunderstanding make it difficult for these families to access services. UNICEF India/2012/Dhiraj Singh.

.

 

devonware bowl made in stoke on trent, england. the stamp on the bottom of the bowl features a crown, the word hindoo, and, handwritten 0566 B.

 

in other news, it's been noted that mayor mcbigot has been hanging around with neo-nazis (other than those belonging to federal and provincial conservative parties). the white supremacist, true to form, claims that he isn't a bigot, in much the same manner that the mayor makes similar claims. since the magic of the internet is available, though, it's been easily proven over and over that jon latvis is a filthy fucking racist and like all bigots, doesn't have the courage to stand up for his odious beliefs when a light is shone on him. mayor rob ford, similarly cried out that it was all a big misunderstanding that he met with a neo-nazi - twice - and that the big mean media was once again picking on him unfairly.

 

bullshit. latvis played lead guitar and other instruments for rahowa, a white supremacist band, and wrote many of their lyrics. from 1990 on, latvis was a member of the band, has never divorced himself from their disgusting beliefs (until just now, and only in the form of lying about his history), and wrote many of their most bigoted songs. oh, and he has a tattoo of a swastika, which he claims is really a 'cross of thunder'. sure, kid. and your song triumph of the will is really all about rik emmett rewriting shakespeare.

 

as for ford, he's a stupid fucking liar, a bigot and like his skinhead buddy, too much of a chickenshit coward to stand up and say what he believes. instead, he expects that the right-wing press will play down the story, excuse his unforgiveable behaviour and make accusations against the people who brought the topic out in the open.

 

many thanks to anti-racist canada for starting the ball rolling, and to warren kinsella for spreading the story around. now magazine has pushed the news along after the usual assholes at the national post did nothing but claim that kinsella is a liberal spin doctor (no, they really made that a big point in their write-up), that ford loves meeting with citizens (as long as they're also hateful bigots), and restated the ridiculous claim that latvis gave ford and his handlers a different name. yeah, i'm sure that latvis bothered to engage in subterfuge because everyone knows that fuckhead ford would have checked into his background and been very professional about matters. the final claim from the ford (concentration) camp is also ridiculous - apparently latvis wanted to discuss transit with the mayor. no word on whether latvis and ford discussed shipping dissidents and other unsavoury characters to prison camps in boxcars, but i'm sure the mayor's office would just describe that as an improvement on lrts.

 

it's been interesting to watch the reaction from the city's jewish community. unfortunately the jewish press skews pro-conservative, and the mayor's henchmen were quick to offer an apology to the centre for israel and jewish affairs. cija, of course, quickly restated many of the points that the morons at the national post made, including an attempt to discredit kinsella. it's interesting that cija would brush aside rob ford's connection to a neo-nazi. politics does indeed make strange bedfellows, and i suppose it must just be expedient for a jewish advocacy group to make light of antisemitic hate group representatives when they are invited to meet with local politicians. true friends, indeed.

 

this fucking bigot ford needs to be removed from office. you might not be queer, jewish, female, a cyclist, a library user, a union member, italian, or a member of any other group who fuckface ford clearly hates, but as long as you're not a bigot, it's obvious that he is not a decent human being or fit for public office.

si vous voulez savoir, envoyez moi un flickrmail

vous serez surement tres surpris de la réponse

 

if you want to know,send me a flickrmail: you may be oversurprised by the answer

"Sentinelle Affair Divided Catholics by John Hill- Providence Journal" is written and copyrighted by the author listed on its page and I only put here for my future reading and future references in my doing my research as the web is a ever ending changing where one day it's there and the next day it's gone and I need to keep my documenting and references straight. If you wish to use it, you must contact the "author who copyrighted" it directly that is listed.

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MY PERSONAL NOTES:

In studying, researching and documenting my cousin Marie Rose Ferron, Stigmatist, Mystic, Bi-Locator, Intercedor & Victim Soul of Woonsocket, Providence Co. Rhode Island, USA., I have come to learn alot of information and have weeded out the facts from fiction fairly well thanks to some excellent documents. Rose, came to R.I. in the midst of a crisis like a flower-Rose in the midst of a garden was how she was placed by God and I now understand why she suffered so much for the love of this garden. It is no wonder to me anymore, that when the most wonderful Bishop William A. Hickey came to Little Rose and asked her if she would be willing to suffer and offer her sufferings for him, and his beloved Diocese- his precious flock, that she would without hesitation agree and suffered immensely beyond our wildest dreams. It is no wonder to me now, why Jesus had her suffer his precious wounds with him. Rose did suffer and her prayers were answered- the 61 excommunicated Sentinellists returned to their beloved Church. Miraculous Funds were raised as well. Even Bishop William A. Hickey had called these things "Miracles". What started out to be real honest, good-hearted intentions for good reasons on both sides of the "parties involved" in the "Sentinelle Affair" with much love and sweet devotion, somehow turned into a awful misunderstanding and miscommunication and later, sadly, became out of control, that I have to wonder if there was any way it could have been avoided. In my opinion from what I've read, "They were both right for their original ideas" but somehow fear, miscommunication, misinterpretations and other very passionate feelings got in the way of two great men whom were just simply trying to lead, or preserve for the love of their peoples. What started with good heart and good intentions would become "crossing the line" and "forced hands" each in "response" to the other that would cause deep pain and sadly the wound kept getting deeper and deeper out of control. Bishop Hickey had to lead a flock at a time, when World War I had devestated the World. Politics was in turmoil, the economy was shaken, and people were nervous, tired, and on the defense. They had to be. One thing I keep hearing all my life is be careful of talking about Politics, Culture, and Religion as those subjects are the most Sensitive of subjects which people become very passionate about and they can loose their heads in such passions, loose site of their true focus, and do and say things they don't mean or normally do. It is true. I've even lost mine before. I don't know why we just don't stand in our Faith and Beliefs without feeling the need to defend it so much, but we do. War time, I guess, make us worst. Canada had been taken over by Britain at one point and those wonderful French-Canadian people kept their language, their culture and their relgious beliefs alive while under British rule. It was vital for their survival. When many of them migrated to the USA, they had a strong will to continue to keep those things precious to them alive, even in this country. There's nothing wrong with that as a people, it's very admirable and wonderful- self-preservation. But America, so rapidly growing, and in particularly, Little Ole Rhode Island, was a different and growing place being mixed with many different peoples of different cultures and religions. Bishop William A. Hickey, a wonderful and great-hearted Bishop and leader, so devout and caring was he, had the job of leading a large flock that was growing with diversity by the second. The world was changing dramatically and rapidly and Little Rhode Island was no exception. His job was no easy task by far and was getting harder by the minute with the ever growing changes about and the constant growing demands of the area. There was even a bill passed that it was required for all peoples to learn English as a Universal language to keep up with the growing times so people wouldn't loose sight of communicaton which is vital if we are to live together in a growing community. Bishop Hickey, seeing this necessity as vital to the survival of communication of the community in order for it to grow together and function well together, followed suit by announcing a drive for a million dollars for some schools. He was right, a growing community with such diversity needs good communication in order for it to work well, grow and function together well. On the other hand, to the dear French-Canadian people, it meant having to give up a little- scratch that- a Big part of themselves, which they fought so hard all those years to preserve, which they didn't even do under the British rule! To them, to do so, is death of their beliefs, religion and culture and they could not have that- that is what made them- them! So you see, neither side was wrong at all, both were right in their Beliefs for survivals as a People. Division is a horrible thing. Both sides were left after it was all over with hurt and sadness and I don't believe either meant to hurt eachother, they just wanted to be heard, and preserve their peoples. It is really interesting to know they were ONE people yet divided by a simple concept on how to see things or handle the situation. How could they have a Universal and yet keep their Original? If Bishop Hickey hadn't stuck to his guns sort-to-speak, his flock would have been divided as they would not be able to "communicate" and work together well as a community in such a rapid growth time with such diverse people of different cultures etc... He wouldn't have been doing his job to keep his Flock United. If the French-Canadians hadn't stuck to their "guns" they would loose all that is them. So, how in the world did "United" become "Divided"? What a fine line! How do we grow together as a United People without giving up that part of ourselves and all we believe in? The forced hands out of response to eachother, got so vicious, lines that shouldn't have been crossed were, and Excommunication was it's last resort and sadly it had to be enforced. The poor Bishop had no choice, and I'm sure, since he went to Rose, with such a struggle, it had to be heart-breaking to him. Rose, french-canadian born, stuck in the middle- for the love of both causes, suffering for both, was considered a traitor by some for "conspiring" with the Bishop by accepting his plea. She was French-Canadian and loved her people dearly, she was also very devout, obedient, religious and would do what her beloved Bishop would ask of her. How heart-breaking it must have been for her, to see both sides in such turmoil! She prayed 24/7 and offered up all her sufferings- suffering all of Christ's wounds for the love of them both to find a resolution. All came to a head when the 61 Sentinellists were excommunicated and then later returned to the Church, Praise God! They loved their Church they didn't want to leave it! They just didn't want to loose themselves as a People! This event, however, left a silent scar that you can still see to this day amongst the dear French-Canadian of that area of how a sweet People trying to preserve all that they are was once seperated from a Church they so loved, for the sake of a "Universal" Language for the sake of "Growth" and you can see the "silent scar" it left on our beloved Church whom was just trying to care for it's people and keep them together while the diversity increased and the need for "Universal" began.

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May Our Beloved Father touch the hearts of both sides and heal the silent wounds of the precious cross both sides bore and May Rose's Heart Wound be healed to see that she suffered for a good cause, good people and to see the fruits of her labors!

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(SOME IMPORTANT DATES AND FACTS COMPILED:)

 

"THE COST OF AMERICANIZATION"

"Universal Begins with WWI..."

 

"Pressures for assimilation from both church and civil leaders grew after WW I (World War I Ended With the Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 World War I (June1914-armistice took effect at 11:00 hours on 11 Nov 1918) was finally over). In Rhode Island the 1922 Peck Education Bill required all elementary school courses, including religion, be taught in English. It was later repealed. Bishop Hickey followed suit to English-language education by announcing a $1 Million Campaign for funds to construct diocesan high schools, with every parish assessed a quota. The Sentinelle Crisis resulted."

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St. Anne’s Parish would suffer painful divisions due to the fact that three prominent leaders of the 1924-1929 Sentinelle Movement were of the parish. They were Elphege J. Daignault, Phydime J. Hemond, and Dr. J. Gaspard Boucher, MD. The climax came in 1927 when twelve French-Canadian Parishes sued the Bishop in the Civil Courts over his right to seize parish funds. The Superior Court ruled that the parishes had a right to an accounting, but that the Bishop had the right to disperse parochial funds.

03 FEBRUARY 1914- A harbinger of the storms of LA SURVIVANCE to come at ST. ANNE'S PARISH began on the very day of FATHER NARCISSE LECLERC’s BURIAL on February 3, 1914. (LECLERC, NARCISSE (REV.) 1861 - 1914 WO006), Known as the MARIST CRISIS, it was a SEVEN WEEK long CRUSADE to PREVENT a French speaking BELGIAN MARIST ORDER from assuming direction of the parish, as decided by BISHOP Matthew A. Harkins † (Bishop: 11 Feb 1887 to 25 May 1921). A 23 MEMBER VIGILANCE COMMITTEE, led by ELPHEGE J. DAIGNAULT,

aka; DAIGNEAULT), a local WOONSOCKET LAWYER, was FORMED. OPPOSITION to the MARISTS was DUE to their VIEWS on ASSIMILATION. The COMMITTEE OPPOSED AMERICANIZATION, going so far as to surround the parish property with pickets to prevent FIVE MARIST PRIESTS, LED BY FATHER RAYMOND PLASMANS, S.M., from entering. Tactics of LOBBYING FOR a FRENCH-CANADIAN PASTOR included USE of 500 PARISHONERS watching the Rectory from both sides of Cumberland Street, newspaper articles, a pew rent strike, and visits to the Bishop.

Finally, on MARCH 21, 1914, the REVEREND CAMILLE VILLIARD was NAMED as PASTOR to SUCCEED REVEREND LECLERC. A native of YAMASKA, P.Q. CANADA, he had come to MANVILLE, RI. in 1895 at age 19. After graduating from Marieville College in Quebec, he studied theology at St. John’s Seminary, Brighton, MA and was ORDAINED on 29 JUNE 1904 in Providence, Rhode Island. FATHER RAYMOND PLASMANS, S.M., was NAMED to REPLACE FATHER CAMILLE VILLIARD as PASTOR of ST. CHARLES BORROMEO in PROVIDENCE, RI. The news was greeted by crowds in the Social District, who shouted themselves hoarse. Their courage and convictions against assimilation had united the entire parish.

Ten years of harmony ensued as the parish worked on fund-raising to build and finish a cathedral-like church, which would cost $150,000.

24 MAY 1914- (On MARIE ROSE FERRON'S 12th BIRTHDAY), some 15,000 attended the LAYing of the CORNERSTONE of ST. ANNE'S Church, (The Parish where 3 future, head Sentinellists would belong to) followed by a two division parade with 2,000 marchers made up of church and French fraternal orders. The flags of Quebec could be seen everywhere, along with American and Canadian flags. The actual DEDICATION was by MSGR. THOMAS A. DORAN, VICAR-GENERAL of the DIOCESE, ACTING FOR BISHOP HAWKINS.

*28 July 1914: Austria declared war on Serbia. (WWI is brewing...) (How interesting 28 July is start of Rose's persecution)

*1 August 1914: Germany declared war on Russsia.

*3 August 1914: Germany declared WAR on France. WWI had BEGUN.

*4 August 1914: Britain declares war on Germany.

*11 November 1918: WWI ended on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. (how interesting Rose died on 11th)

1922 in Rhode Island: Peck Education Bill required all elementary school courses, including religion, be taught in English. It was later repealed.

JANUARY 1923- BISHOP WILLIAM A. HICKEY followed suit to ENGLISH language (UNIVERSAL- Language) education by announcing a $1 MILLION CAMPAIGN for funds to construct diocesan high schools, with every parish assessed a quota to his priests.

JANUARY 1923- A group of MILITANT ADVOCATES of MDULla survivance, (French-Canadians), LED BY a former City Solicitor ELPHEGE J. DAIGNAULT, a WOONSOCKET LAWYER, BEGAN ORGANIZING AGAINST DIOCESAN FUND DRIVES. He SENT A LETTER of PROTEST to the SACRED CONGREGATION OF THE COUNCIL in ROME pointing out that in the DIOCESE OF PROVIDENCE there were 96 parishes but only 46 of them had schools. The signers of the letter asked the HOLY FATHER to intervene to halt the drive in view of the fact that there had already been two drives within the last few years to raise large sums for PROVIDENCE COLLEGE. They described the new, even larger drive, as an "exorbitant tax that the faithful cannot pay without putting in danger their churches, their schools and all the Catholic works they look after."

1924-ELPHEGE J. DAIGNAULT FOUNDED & PUBLISHED- LA SENTINELLE, 'THE SENTINEL,' a newspaper, that would print the future protests and events that would take place.

1925-1925, after having consulted QUEBEC CANON LAWYERS and HIRING- an ITALIAN LAWYER familiar with the procedures of the ROMAN CURIA, Daignault SUBMITTED A FORMAL PETITION to the SACRED CONGREGATION OF THE COUNCIL asking the Congregation to halt what they continued to describe as an illegal assessment of parish funds on Bishop Hickey's part. In the course of giving instructions to his pastors as to the manner in which they should submit the funds they collected in the high school drive to the diocese, Bishop Hickey had authorized them to take from parish funds whatever they needed to make up the difference between their parish goals and the amount they had collected up to the deadline for reporting the results of the drive. When Bishop Hickey assured the Congregation that his instructions were meant to facilitate the collection of funds in a timely manner and were not to be regard as an assessment, the CONGREGATION DISMISSED DAIGNAULT'S PETITION AS BEING WITHOUT GROUNDS.

DATE UNKNOWN- Other funds came from his two chief but silent clerical supports, FATHER JOSEPH BELAND and FATHER ACHILLE PRINCE. Previous to the civil court verdict, Bishop Hickey had removed Father Prince as pastor of St. Louis, Woonsocket, and placed an administrator in charge of Father Beland's parish, Notre Dame, Central Falls. Father Prince's removal prompted another pew rent strike in Woonsocket in which a substantial number of French-Canadians joined. After the civil courts had decided the case, Bishop Hickey announced the penalty of excommunication that canon law imposed on Daignault and the 55 others who had signed the papers supporting the petition Daignault submitted to the courts, because they did so without permission. In addition to the decrees of excommunication, Bishop Hickey also announced that Rome had placed La Sentinelle on the Index. When news of the ban on La Sentinelle was published by several Canadian bishops, who the Sentinellists felt had supported them in the past, the position of Daignault's group was severely weakened.

25 MAY 1925- MARIE ROSE FERRON, MOVES INTO 157 West St., ?#floor, WOONSOCKET, Providence County, Rhode Island. (Rose, would become a flower- a rose in the MIDST of passions brewing and her outcome of her investigations of her cause for Jesus would sadly be lost in the midst of all the turmoil, confusion, passion, and conflict.)

NOVEMBER 1925- ELPHEGE J. DAIGNAULT, took over DIRECT EDITOR CONTROL of the LA SENTINELLE, "THE SENTINEL'.

EARLY 1927- (ABT.? FEB. 12, 1927??)- 1) ELPHEGE J. DAIGNAULT, 2) PHYDIME J. HEMOND, and 3) DR. J. GASPARD BOUCHER, MD. and 58 SUPPORTERS of 12 FRENCH CANADIAN PARISHES, FILED a LAWSUIT AGAINST (V.) the BISHOP, PROVIDENCE DIOCESE, in CIVIL COURT (LATER IN SUPERIOR COURT) CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF THE DIOCESE OF PROVIDENCE to take money from individual parishes.

1925- BISHOP WILLIAM A. HICKEY meets Little MARIE ROSE FERRON, is impressed with her and asks her if she would be willing to "suffer and offer up her sufferings to Our Lord, for the sake of his beloved Diocese, and his flock which included the 56-61 Sentinellists he was may have to excommunicate and for the sake of him." Without hestitation, Rose, obediently, faithfully and very lovingly agreed with full-heart and did so! She would become 1 out 150 known Stigmatics, and 1 out of 30 known to have all 5 of Christ's precious wounds, and the #'s decrease even more when you consider that she suffered more! Her sufferings and 24/7 prayers didn't go unanswered as the 56-61 excommunicated Sentinellists did return to their beloved Church- the last being on 17 May 1929! Bishop Hickey would also see another miracle- Huge funds were raised despite the economy and the times and the schools would be built!

JULY1927- At HOLY FAMILY CHURCH, (Marie Rose Ferron's beloved Parish), the DIOCESE WAS PROVOKED INTO RESPONDING. One Sunday during a PEW RENT STRIKE, the priests stopped people and asked for their contributions before a Mass began. After the HOLY FAMILY CHURCH incident and WHEN A PRIEST (FA. ACHILLE PRINCE), PERCEIVED AS FAVORING the SENTINELLES WAS REMOVED from ST. LOUIS CHURCH, WOONSOCKET, RI., the Sentinelles drove home their CLAIM OF OPPRESSION by the diocesan leadership.

SEPTEMBER 1927- Sorrell calls the high-water mark of the movement. Estimates are that a September 1927 RALLY at ST. LOUIS FIELD may have drawn 10,000 people.

**OCTOBER 1927 or 1928- RI. SUPERIOR COURT DISMMISSED the SENTINELLE SUIT and its SIGNERS WERE WARNED OF POSSIBLE EXCOMMUNICATION. When the Rhode Island courts took up the case both the superior court judge, who initially heard the case, and the Supreme Court justices, to whom Daignault appealed the verdict rendered against him by the superior court, also upheld the bishop's position.

JANUARY 1928, BISHOP HICKEY ANNOUNCE THOSE WHO WERE'NT CONTRIBUTING as they could were in a STATE OF MORTAL SIN.

19 FEBRUARY 1928- BISHOP WILLIAM A. HICKEY WARNS IN LETTER: SOME MOVEMENT LEADERS were REFUSED COMMUNION

**08 APRIL 1928- EXCOMMUNICATION- ELPHEGE J. DAIGNAULT went to ROME TWICE to PLEAD his CASE and while there, the EXCOMMUNICATIONS of EVERYONE (58-62) WHO JOINED IN LAWSUIT WERE ANNOUNCED- The ROMAN CHURCH RULED THEY HAVE 1 YEAR TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE AUTHORITY OF THE BISHOP, SUBMIT THEMSELVES & REPENT or BE DECLARED HERETICS. (APRIL 1928-APRIL 1929) But excommunication ended it. Sorrell said the Sentinellists wanted to change the way their church was run, not to leave it. When the diocese transformed the controversy from one over accounting procedures to one of the fate of a person's soul.

23 FEBRUARY 1929, SUN., ALL BUT 4 RETURNED/SUBMITTED/REPENTED TO BSP. By Feb. 1929 all but 4 had repented. But ON THIS DAY, at Masses in their own churches-Included at St. Anne’s was Elphege Daignault. The 4th- Phydime J. Hemond, was the last to repent holding out til 17 May 1929.

***MAY 1929- Hemond's father whom Sorrell said had torn the excommunication order up in front of the PRIEST who DELIVERED IT _ held out until May 1929, but in the end he too came back to the fold.

***MAY 17, 1929- PHYDIME J. HEMOND, of St. Annes last to repent even got a month's extension to decide and finally relented on 17 May 1929.

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***some references:

www.projo.com/specials/century/month4/426bv1.htm

www.afgs.org/2_06.html (put out by AFGS- vital senti. info)

www.providencevisitor.com/history-16.html (put out by Church)

wiki.answers.com/Q/When_did_World_War_1_start_and_end

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