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Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543) was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe. His epochal book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the Scientific Revolution.
Although Greek, Indian and Muslim savants had published heliocentric hypotheses centuries before Copernicus, his publication of a scientific theory of heliocentrism, demonstrating that the motions of celestial objects can be explained without putting the Earth at rest in the center of the universe, stimulated further scientific investigations, and became a landmark in the history of modern science that is known as the Copernican Revolution.
Among the great polymaths of the Renaissance, Copernicus was a mathematician, astronomer, physician, classical scholar, translator, Catholic cleric, jurist, governor, military leader, diplomat and economist. Amid his extensive responsibilities, astronomy figured as little more than an avocation — yet it was in that field that he made his mark upon the world.
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Sunset at Nightcliff, Northern Territory. A strange title. It hard to think of a title for each shot but many of you would know that the 16th century astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to present to the world a detailed and eventually widely accepted mathematical model supporting the premise that the Earth is moving and the Sun actually stays still, despite the impression from our point of view of a moving Sun. Wiki again.
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I seem to recall this large mosaic is a tribute to Copernicus. Exactly why it's located in a pedestrian underpass in Leicester is quite beyond me.
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
*** View through Red/Cyan glasses ***
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M102286291LR-v2
Jezuici Polscy Ofiary Terroru Hitlerowskiego (Polish Jesuits victims of Nazi terror)
Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Krakow (Copernicus Street)
Jesus - Conventual Church of the Jesuits
Distinctive emblem for cultural property.svg A- 299, 5 July 1966 [1 ]
Minor Basilica • suitable title since July 1, 1960
Pope John XXIII
Call of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
Liturgical memorial Friday after the octave of Corpus Christi
Earth 50 ° 03'43 " N 19 ° 56'55 " E
The interior of the church
Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus - Roman Catholic Jesuit convent church, which is located in Krakow, in Quarter II, the Merry Street Copernicus 26
Modernist architecture of the building represents the Young Poland and is one of the greatest works of Polish religious art from the first quarter of the twentieth century.
History
At this point, the Jesuits settled in 1868, and two years later erected the first chapel, which quickly proved to be insufficient. In 1903 it was decided to build a new, magnificent temple. The implementation of the adopted project by architect Francis Mączyński.
Originally it housed a large reality belonging to Peter Joseph Szyryna, that included the so called fruit and vegetable garden. English palace complex of smaller buildings and bungalows. The Jesuits acquired the property for $ 16 thousand guilders. Makeshift chapel in the 30s it was decided to put the building on the today Copernicus street. In June 1869, proceeded to demolish the house, leaving only the foundation and load-bearing walls. The left wall sacristy was added to the upper chapel (St. Aloysius) and the women's gallery and a new roof. In 1870, the floor was laid with plates made of Belgian marble and were built arched arcades separating the two side aisles of the nave. Then carefully shaped barrel vault and semicircular founded colorful windows in iron fittings. The completed building was 21 meters long, 11 meters wide and 9 meters high. Inside the chapel there is an altar with the image of Belarus brought from the Heart of Jesus and the two side altars dedicated to Our Lady and St. Joseph (Image by Antoni Reichenberg). In 1889 was founded a new, larg, richly carved altar and side altars images replaced with sculptures by Mayer of Munich. Later the chapel was built more extensive room where pomieszczono (mixed up) additional chapel and sacristy for clergy. Consecration of the Chapel of the Sacred Heart of Jesus took place August 28, 1870, the temple served the faithful for 42 years. Last service in the chapel was held on 20 May 1912 and transferred the Blessed Sacrament in the walls of a new building next to the church. The chapel began to undress on May 21.
November 1, 1909 , Bishop Suffragan Bishop of Cracow Anatol Nowak blessed the cornerstone of the new church. Construction lasted until 1912, but the equipment and decoration of the church because of the war were firmly extended Finally, the official consecration took place on 29 May 1921, the Bishop of Anatol Nowak made her in the company of 24 other bishops, who lived then in Krakow, the Polish Episcopal Conference.
In 1960, Pope John XXIII granted the title of minor basilica church, and since 1966 it is registered as monument. In 1960 it was decorated a chapel in the church of adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, which is October 29 of that year, consecrated by Bishop Karol Wojtyla.
Art
Architecture
The architect of the church appealed not only to modernism, but to practice the tradition of Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque. The church tower is 68 meters high and is one of the highest in Krakow. The church walls are made of red bricks, window frames and detail of gray stone. In the middle in the final of each window there is a mosaic-arms of the cities that contributed to the construction of the church.
Above the portal, the tower is a mosaic "Puncture the side of Christ", made and designed by John Bukowski, a little higher sculpture designed by Xawery Dunikowskiego. The figure of Christ in Odkuł-stone by Charles Hukan, the side of the lead characters were cast in 1913. They symbolize the suffering humanity and seeking comfort in the heart of God.
Outside the sacristy, on the east wall of the church, there is a memorial temple of artist Francis Mączyński in 1912 , by Xawery Dunikowskiego. Statue cast in bronze offered Jesuits architect 's widow in 1953.
Interior
The interior of the basilica is divided into three naves. Vaults, first in Krakow, made of reinforced concrete. The floor mimics the patterns of early Christian churches. In the years 1914-1918 polychrome vaults made and designed by John Bukowski. Mosaic of the nave in 1922, designed by Leonard Strojnowski, benches designed by Francis Mączyński a backdrop confessionals John Bukowski. Stations of the Cross purchased in France in 1937 by the Jesuits, for the purpose of churches in Kołomyja, but in 1946 it was brought to Krakow and installed in 1959.
The high altar, built between 1915-1920, is the work of Francis Mączyński. Frieze of mosaic in the chancel was designed in 1913 by Peter Stachiewicz, and executed by the company Gianese Angelo in Venice. The church was placed in 1921. Mosaic is 30 meters long, is a tribute to Christ by the holy and blessed Polish led by St . Stanislaus and the Polish nation, famed for Jesus by Queen Jadwiga Andegawenkę and her husband, King Wladyslaw Jagiello.
The six side altars made in stucco placed between 1920-1930 sculptures by Charles Hukana. Attention is drawn in particular altar of Our Lady of the Angels, who, according to art historians, is one of the most valuable works of sacred art in Poland in the interwar period . Virgin Mary is presented as Queen of the crown, adored by a group of eight angels.
Authorities
Authorities were purchased in 1928 in the well-known firm of brothers Riegerów Jägerndorf (opus 2317). Then repaired several times (most recently in 2007), now have 47 votes and tracker power. Decorated in a romantic style sonic characteristic of organ building late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
The church is located on the route of the Malopolska Way of St James from Sandomierz to Tyniec.
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Naj%C5%9Bwi%...(ul._Kopernika)
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
Copernicus and Eratosthenes, taken on 3 Jan 2012 with my William Optics FLT132, a DMK21AU618.AS mono camera, x2 Barlow and IR Pro 742 filter.
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
The lunar impact crater Copernicus is shown in this image. Copernicus is about 58 miles (92 km) in diameter and 2.4 miles (3.8 km) deep. The crater was formed almost 1 billion years ago when a large asteroid struck the lunar surface traveling at a hypervelocity greater than 7 miles per second (11 km per second). The violent impact released much more energy than the largest man-made thermonuclear bomb. The energy released dug the 58 mile (92 km) diameter crater, formed the central mountain peaks, and lifted the terraced crater walls above up to 2.4 miles (3.8 km) above surrounding lunar surface. The heat generated in the catastrophic blast melted rock the produced the flow patterns on the exterior walls of Copernicus that have been frozen in time.
The blast associated with the creation of Copernicus spread material radially outward on the lunar surface up to 500 miles (810 km) from the crater. If a large asteroid like the one that produced Copernicus struck the Earth today, the damage would be catastrophic and would be spread over a large region of the Earth's surface. A direct hit by a large asteroid on a major city would eliminate that city as well producing an area of destruction that would spread hundreds of miles in all direction around the impact crater.
A Celestron C5 SCT operating at f/23 was used with a Canon T2i camera operating in 640x480 crop Movie Mode to capture the data for this image. About 3600 movie frames were used to build the final image using the Lucky Imaging technique. Registax 5 was used to combine the best frames and to sharpen the resolution of the final image.
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
Mission control team in the main control room at ESA's ESOC mision control centre on 21 Nov 2020, just a few hours prior to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Credit: ESA/J. Mai
This bronze statue of Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) is located on Krakowskie Przedmieście, in front of the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1822 and completed in 1830. The monument was funded by the scientist and philosopher Stanisław Staszic as well as donations from the general public.
Soon after the German occupation of Warsaw began in 1939, they placed a large plaque over the statue’s pedestal, proclaiming Copernicus to have been German....
On 11th February 1942, a "minor sabotage" operation was carried out by Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski (code name “Alek”), a young Polish resistance fighter from the “Szare Szeregi” organisation, who removed and hid the German plaque.
Minor sabotage: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_sabotage
The Germans responded by removing the Jan Kiliński statue from Krasińskich Square and hiding it in the vaults of the National Museum. Dawidowski and his comrades in the Szare Szeregi retaliated by daubing the museum with graffiti which stated: "People of Warsaw - I am here - Jan Kiliński", and adding a new plaque to the Copernicus monument on which they had written the following words: "For the removal of the Kiliński statue I am extending winter by two months - Kopernik"....
Szare Szeregi: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Ranks
The statue was damaged during the Warsaw Uprising, after which the Germans knocked it off its pedestal and subsequently stole it as they were evacuating Warsaw. It was later found in the town of Nysa, restored and replaced in its original location in 1949.
In 2007 a representation of Copernicus’ solar system, modelled after an image in his “De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium”, was embedded in the square in front of the monument.
In 2017 a plaque commemorating Dawidowski’s action was placed next to the monument.
There are replicas of the Copernicus monument in Montreal and Chicago....
The great crater Copernicus shot with a ZWO ASI 120MC and a Skywatcher Maksutov 150/1800mm telescope.
Copernicus is 93km wide with a depth of 3.800m.
This bronze statue of Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) is located on Krakowskie Przedmieście, in front of the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1822 and completed in 1830. The monument was funded by the scientist and philosopher Stanisław Staszic as well as donations from the general public.
Soon after the German occupation of Warsaw began in 1939, they placed a large plaque over the statue’s pedestal, proclaiming Copernicus to have been German....
On 11th February 1942, a "minor sabotage" operation was carried out by Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski (code name “Alek”), a young Polish resistance fighter from the “Szare Szeregi” organisation, who removed and hid the German plaque.
Minor sabotage: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_sabotage
The Germans responded by removing the Jan Kiliński statue from Krasińskich Square and hiding it in the vaults of the National Museum. Dawidowski and his comrades in the Szare Szeregi retaliated by daubing the museum with graffiti which stated: "People of Warsaw - I am here - Jan Kiliński", and adding a new plaque to the Copernicus monument on which they had written the following words: "For the removal of the Kiliński statue I am extending winter by two months - Kopernik"....
Szare Szeregi: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Ranks
The statue was damaged during the Warsaw Uprising, after which the Germans knocked it off its pedestal and subsequently stole it as they were evacuating Warsaw. It was later found in the town of Nysa, restored and replaced in its original location in 1949.
In 2007 a representation of Copernicus’ solar system, modelled after an image in his “De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium”, was embedded in the square in front of the monument.
In 2017 a plaque commemorating Dawidowski’s action was placed next to the monument.
There are replicas of the Copernicus monument in Montreal and Chicago....
This bronze statue of Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik) is located on Krakowskie Przedmieście, in front of the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1822 and completed in 1830. The monument was funded by the scientist and philosopher Stanisław Staszic as well as donations from the general public.
Soon after the German occupation of Warsaw began in 1939, they placed a large plaque over the statue’s pedestal, proclaiming Copernicus to have been German....
On 11th February 1942, a "minor sabotage" operation was carried out by Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski (code name “Alek”), a young Polish resistance fighter from the “Szare Szeregi” organisation, who removed and hid the German plaque.
Minor sabotage: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_sabotage
The Germans responded by removing the Jan Kiliński statue from Krasińskich Square and hiding it in the vaults of the National Museum. Dawidowski and his comrades in the Szare Szeregi retaliated by daubing the museum with graffiti which stated: "People of Warsaw - I am here - Jan Kiliński", and adding a new plaque to the Copernicus monument on which they had written the following words: "For the removal of the Kiliński statue I am extending winter by two months - Kopernik"....
Szare Szeregi: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Ranks
The statue was damaged during the Warsaw Uprising, after which the Germans knocked it off its pedestal and subsequently stole it as they were evacuating Warsaw. It was later found in the town of Nysa, restored and replaced in its original location in 1949.
In 2007 a representation of Copernicus’ solar system, modelled after an image in his “De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium”, was embedded in the square in front of the monument.
In 2017 a plaque commemorating Dawidowski’s action was placed next to the monument.
There are replicas of the Copernicus monument in Montreal and Chicago....
Jan Matejko
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Polski: Obrazy i rysunki Jana Matejki (1838-1893), słynnego polskiego malarza.
English: Paintings and drawings by Jan Matejko (1838-1893), a prominent Polish painter.
Русский: Картины и рисунки польского художника Яна Матейко (1838-1893)
Deutsch: Bilder des polnischen Malers Jan Matejko (1838-1893)
Italiano: Dipinti e disegni di Jan Matejko (1838-1893), famoso pittore polacco.
Українська: Картини та малюнки віодомого польського художника Яна Матейко (1838-1893)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Matejko
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Matejko
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Matejko
Jan Matejko ( Polish pronunciation (help·info)) (also known as Jan Mateyko; June 24, 1838, Free City of Kraków; - November 1, 1893, Kraków) was a Polish painter known for paintings of notable historical Polish political and military events.[1][2] His most famous works include oil on canvas paintings like Battle of Grunwald, paintings of numerous other battles and court scenes, and a gallery of Polish kings. He is counted among the most famous Polish painters.