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A man tells the driver of a flying machine to stop for some chocolate.

 

In 1912 the French chocolate company Lombart commissioned future-themed illustrated cards to be included with their confectionary.

 

From blogs.smithsonianmag.com/paleofuture/2011/12/the-fanciful...

2018-03-12: The officials interacting with each other during Launch of the Economic Outlook for the 5 Regions.

Martinova Village, South Gemer, Slovakia — Family portrait. Josef Olah (33), his wife Zameva Olahova (32), Josef Olah (5), Zaneta Olahova (15), Jolana Bazova (54), Zameva’s mother, and Laura Olahova (12). The family received their pig received by Heifer Slovakia in September 2009. Since receiving, the pig has given birth twice to litters of 9 piglets each. At the time of photograph, the pig was pregnant again. “I want my children to live a better life that I now live,” said Zameva. “And I want them all to get a good education.” Josef Olah (33) only attended school through basic primary education, while Zameva made it through 10th grade before dropping out. “When they have a better education, life will be easier for them,” said Zameva. “They will be able to find a job and have a better income.”

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Pig and Cow Breeding in South Gemer region - (Project #27-0364-01). Pig and cow breeding project to support Roma families and improve their quality of life in the southern part of Central Slovakia. 14 original families will participate in the project. HPI project began in January 2009. Roma people, also known as “gypsies”, of Central Eastern Europe have been targets of prejudice and are often marginalized from society living without employment or proper means. The Roma came to Europe from India. Socioeconomic changes on a national level in the 1990s brought mass layoffs in Slovakia and Roma people were highly affected. Many man moved abroad to look for work. Many Roma used to work on the state farms and have their own wealth of experience working with livestock, such as pigs and cows. This project aims to help local Roma (and non-Roma) people better their economic situation and breeding skills. The project holder is “Association for Roma Future,” founded in 2002, whose main focus has been to use animal breeding as a form of support for socially disadvantaged families, mostly of Roma origin. The unemployment rate in the region is 60-80% with Roma inhabitants forming about 70-89% of the population living there.

 

Photo by Geoff Bugbee, courtesy of Heifer International

Day 12. The beautiful oldschool neon sign made me instantly fall in love with this motel, so we spend the night there. The heavy cigarette smell in the room (underlined by the presence of six ashtrays) made it a short affair, though.

 

Before, we had a most excellent dinner at "Central Park", by the way.

Exodus chapters 5-12

The green Israelites are wearing bags filled with matzo, which is unleavened bread.

Miriam is the pink figure with bells as she will lead the people in praising God after they have crossed the Red Sea.

Moses figurine by tales of Glory: www.bibletoys.com

Pharaoh and chariot by Playmobil: store.playmobilusa.com/

11:50am (12)

The poor man can't seem to decide whether it's his back or his foot that we've run over. Probably because we're still only doing 2mph, but he's still gamely pressing himself against the side of our car like he can't get enough of us and then saying 'Ow, ow, stop.' Like we're really going to fall for that old chestnut. After staying next to the car for about 2 car lengths he then turns round to walk back to his friends all laughing and joking.

 

LANAI, Hawaii - Forty-five Alaska military personnel from Air and Army National Guard and active-duty Air Force are setting up and running medical clinics for medically-underserved Hawaiians on the islands of Lanai and Maui as part of an Innovative Readiness Training project June 4 to 12. The group joined about 500 other military personnel from multiple components of the Air Force, Army and Navy on four Hawaiian Islands at six sites as a joint training mission called TROPIC CARE 2013 – the largest IRT mission since the program began. National Guard photo by Staff Sgt. N. Alicia Goldberger.

Leigh Jones and the band, Animate Objects, performed at the Kazabra Club on Vogelweh Air Base March 12. The event was sponsored by BOSS, I.A.M. Strong, Army Entertainment, FMWR and the Army G-1 SHARP program. (Photo by Lisa Hartmann,Kaiserslautern MWR)

 

13 is significant, whether you consider it lucky, unlucky or just plain odd. Many believe it to be unfortunate…

 

… because there were 13 present at the Last Supper.

… Loki crashed a party of 12 at Valhalla, which ended in Baldur’s death.

… Oinomaos killed 13 of Hippodamia’s suitors before Pelops finally, in his own shady way, defeated the jealous king.

… In ancient Rome, Hecate’s witches gathered in groups of 12, the Goddess herself being the 13th in the coven.

 

Concern over the number thirteen echoes back beyond the Christian era. Line 13 was omitted form the Code of Hammurabi.

 

The shivers over Friday the 13th also have some interesting origins:

 

… Christ was allegedly crucified on Friday the 13th.

… On Friday, October 13, 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the arrests of Jaques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar, and sixty of his senior knights.

… In British custom, hangings were held on Fridays, and there were 13 steps on the gallows leading to the noose.

 

To combat the superstition, Robert Ingersoll and the Thirteen Club held thirteen-men dinners during the 19th Century. Successful? Hardly. The number still invokes trepidation to this day. A recent whimsical little serial killer study showed that the following murderers all have names that total thirteen letters:

 

Theodore Bundy

Jeffrey Dahmer

Albert De Salvo

John Wayne Gacy

 

And, with a little stretch of the imagination, you can also fit ‘Jack the Ripper’ and ‘Charles Manson’ into that equation.

 

More current-era paranoia: modern schoolchildren stop their memorization of the multiplication tables at 12. There were 13 Plutonium slugs in the atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki. Apollo 13 wasn’t exactly the most successful space mission. All of these are things that modern triskaidekaphobes point to when justifying their fears.

 

For some, 13 is an extremely fortuitous and auspicious number…

 

… In Jewish tradition, God has 13 Attributes of Mercy. Also, there were 13 tribes of Israel, 13 principles of Jewish faith, and 13 is considered the age of maturity.

… The ancient Egyptians believed that there were 12 stages of spiritual achievement in this lifetime, and a 13th beyond death.

… The word for thirteen, in Chinese, sounds much like the word which means “must be alive”.

 

Thirteen, whether you love it or loathe it, is a pretty cool number all around.

 

… In some theories of relativity, there are 13 dimensions.

… It is a prime number, lucky number, star number, Wilson Prime, and Fibonacci number.

… There are 13 Archimedean solids.

 

AND…

… There were 13 original colonies when the United States were founded.

 

Says a lot about the US, doesn’t it?

 

This 13, created by Brian Constantine, is a sign of the times, illustrating chaos and hope, and strength during adversity.

 

Bittersweet dark cocoa is surrounded here by 13 complex aspects, including exotic musks, caraway, allspice, aloes wood, lucky hand, Irish moss, and bamboo. Beneath it all is a glowing core of glistening cherry.

 

‘Woman Seated at an Easel’, 1936 Georges Braque. French, 1882-1963

Oil with sand on canvas

 

Bequest of Florene M. Shoenborn, 1995

1996.403.12

 

The painting is marked by the sand-laced pigment and curvilinear forms of Braque’s later work and presents a seated female artist with palette and brush in hand. Set in the artist’s own Varengeville studio on the Normandy coast, it is one of about ten paintings that depicts figures engaging in artistic or musical activities.

 

From the placard: Metropolitan Museum of Art

 

Ray Thorburn addresses the audience.

 

Kiama Family History Centre turns 25 this year and will be celebrating by holding a Family, Social and Local History Expo at The Pavilion on Saturday, April 12.

 

The free event will be one of the largest gatherings of historically focused groups in the Illawarra for many years.

 

"We have 35 groups coming to Kiama, who specialise in all facets of family history," Family History Centre officer Susan Lark said.

 

"There will be family history groups, historical societies, museums, birth, death and marriages specialists, book sellers and qualified historians joining us on the day.

 

"Some of these groups include Kiama Family History Centre, Shoalhaven Historical Society, Convict Connections Group, Kiama Historical Society, Tongarra Historical Society, Gerringong Historical Society, Illawarra Family History Group, Berrima Historical Society, Ryerson Index, Finding Ancestors, Joy Murrin Family History Services, Shoalhaven Family History Society, Berry Historical Society, Illawarra Historical Society, Unlock the Past, Wyong Family History Society, Marilyn Rowan, State Records NSW and historian Cathy Dunn.

 

"Each organisation will be showcasing what they do and how they can help you find out more about your family history or the history of their specific area."

 

Genealogist Cora Num will be giving two talks titled "An A-Z for Tracing Missing Ancestors" and "Irish Research on the Internet", while Gail Davis from State Records NSW will discuss "Getting to Know State Records Family History Sources".

 

People can join historian Ray Thorburn, who will be hosting short walks around the town's historical points of interest.

 

"The expo will run from 9.30am and finish at 4pm, so bring your historical puzzles and let us solve them," Mrs Lark said.

 

(Taken from Kiama Independent. March 25, 2014.

Artist: Nomad Clan

Location: Dantzic Street

Sierra Nevada Linemen Joel Carrillo and Dana Trimble take a moment to hydrate, Oct. 12. The crew are working in hot and humid conditions clearing debris, digging holes, setting utility poles and restringing conductor to restore power to St. Thomas as soon as possible. (Photo by Will Schnyer)

The fall pep assembly at The Barstow School on Friday, August 25, 2017 was attended by students in kindergarten through grade 12. The assembly featured performances by the cheerleading and dance teams, varsity captain introductions, and a cross-divisional crab soccer game. (Photo by Todd Race)

Chicago, IL -5/15/12- The No Human is Illegal protest outside of the immigration court building

On March 12, the Foreign Policy program at Brookings hosted a discussion on the book “Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations” (Penguin Press, 2018) in the context of current global political upheaval. The event featured Amy Chua, professor of Law at Yale University and author of “Political Tribes.” She discussed current wave of political tribalism in the United States and her analysis of increasingly dangerous partisanship. Chua was joined by Robert Kagan, senior fellow at Brookings, columnist with the Washington Post, and renowned author of numerous books on American power. Brookings Senior Fellow Michael O’Hanlon moderated the discussion, while adding his own perspective.

 

Photo by Paul Morigi

as the runners ran down franklin street (approx mile 12) the most beautiful light was starting to make its way through the clouds.

KIAMA Family History Centre turns 25 this year and will be celebrating by holding a Family, Social and Local History Expo at The Pavilion on Saturday, April 12.

 

The free event will be one of the largest gatherings of historically focused groups in the Illawarra for many years.

 

"We have 35 groups coming to Kiama, who specialise in all facets of family history," Family History Centre officer Susan Lark said.

 

"There will be family history groups, historical societies, museums, birth, death and marriages specialists, book sellers and qualified historians joining us on the day.

 

"Some of these groups include Kiama Family History Centre, Shoalhaven Historical Society, Convict Connections Group, Kiama Historical Society, Tongarra Historical Society, Gerringong Historical Society, Illawarra Family History Group, Berrima Historical Society, Ryerson Index, Finding Ancestors, Joy Murrin Family History Services, Shoalhaven Family History Society, Berry Historical Society, Illawarra Historical Society, Unlock the Past, Wyong Family History Society, Marilyn Rowan, State Records NSW and historian Cathy Dunn.

 

"Each organisation will be showcasing what they do and how they can help you find out more about your family history or the history of their specific area."

 

Genealogist Cora Num will be giving two talks titled "An A-Z for Tracing Missing Ancestors" and "Irish Research on the Internet", while Gail Davis from State Records NSW will discuss "Getting to Know State Records Family History Sources".

 

People can join historian Ray Thorburn, who will be hosting short walks around the town's historical points of interest.

 

"The expo will run from 9.30am and finish at 4pm, so bring your historical puzzles and let us solve them," Mrs Lark said.

 

(Taken from Kiama Independent. March 25, 2014.

Preparing young Queenslanders for life in the 1990s, we saw personal computers make their way into schools during the 80s with a strong focus on health, regional education and the arts by Queensland Education.

 

The photographic unit at the Premier’s Department, Office of State Affairs, captured a snapshot of various events, programmes and initiatives for school children throughout Queensland. This collection contains several arts, music and drama as well as students participating in computer usage.

 

In the early 1980s, several different computer manufacturers were vying for a foothold in the education market, Apple, Tandy, Atari, Sinclair, Amstrad, Microbee and many others. By 1985 Apple Macintosh was considered a standard system (alongside several others) for all states except Western Australia which adopted the BBC Model B and Microbee computer systems as a standard.

 

These photos are part are the photographic records held at Queensland State Archives, www.archivessearch.qld.gov.au/series/S189

  

1985

The discussion paper, Education 2000: Issues and options for the future of Education in Queensland was released.

The use of technology to enhance distance education, work in schools and educational administration was supported.

Approval was given for schools to alter the placement of the three pupil free days.

The Department of Education developed a policy on the education of gifted children.

The Special Education Resource Centres were formed as state-wide services, as part of the Division of Special Education.

Early special education officially commenced.

  

1986

The age of first attendance at primary school increased. Children had to turn five years by 31 January to be eligible for enrolment in Year 1.

There was an expansion of the curriculum in secondary schools and TAFE colleges evident in the further development of co-operative secondary-TAFE programs.

The Advisory Committee which reviewed submissions made in response to Education 2000 reported to the Minister.

The distance education trial began through the Mt Isa School of the Air.

A Preschool to Year 10 (P–10) Syllabus Framework was developed.

Endeavour Foundation schools transferred to Department of Education.

Policy Statement 15 Integration: Mainstreaming of Students with Special Needs introduced.

  

1987

Children had to turn 5 years by 31 December to be eligible for enrolment in Year 1 in the following year.

The Department of Education launched a series of documents entitled Meeting the Challenge which highlighted a corporate style of management.

The Department reshaped its central administration by strengthening the role of the Policy Committee, appointing a Chief Inspector and adopting comprehensive strategic planning processes.

In regions, initiatives were built on the commitment to decentralisation, while further devolution of responsibility occurred in the operational management of educational programs.

Two new education regions were formed (South Coast and Sunshine Coast regional offices).

The P–10 Curriculum Framework was developed and curriculum documents revised.

The Roma Middle School opened and catered for students in Years 4–10.

A post-compulsory college, the Alexandra Hills Senior College opened.

Two new centres of distance education opened at Longreach and Charters Towers.

  

1988

The Inspectorate was regionalised.

There was continued development of an integrated P–10 curriculum.

The senior secondary curriculum was broadened to cater for all learners.

Cooperative programs between secondary schools and TAFE colleges were conducted.

The use of computers and information technology in schools was given a high priority.

The Special Education Resource and Development Centres were formed as a consequence of the reorganisation of the Division of Special Education.

Individual education plans for students with disabilities were introduced as part of the new policy Policy Statement 16: Policy and Practice for Special Education Services.

The report National Overview of Educational Services for Isolated Severely Handicapped Children resulted from a Project of National Significance undertaken as a joint project of the Commonwealth Department of Employment Education and Training and the Department of Education Division of Special Services.

The Queensland School for the Deaf closes, as a consequence of decentralisation of services to students with hearing impairments during the 1980's. Programs for students with vision impairment were also decentralised during this period.

  

1989

A new Education Act 1989 was enacted.

The Department of Education's first strategic plan was adopted.

Decisions about school budgets were devolved to the school level.

There was an amalgamation of correspondence schools which became the School of Distance Education — Brisbane Centre P–12.

The first high school built to a new design opened at Bribie Island.

New prototype buildings for preschool, primary and special education units were assessed.

  

1989–1990

A comprehensive internal review of the Department of Education commenced through the consultation process, Education Have Your Say.

Professor Nancy Viviani reviewed Tertiary Entrance and produced the report, A Review of Tertiary Entrance in Queensland.

The Offices of Higher Education and Non-State Schooling were established.

The Department developed The Corporate Vision for Senior Schooling in Queensland to accommodate the diverse needs of students in Years 11 and 12.

The first entire primary school based on the new building model opened to students.

  

1990–1991

The report, Focus on Schools was released. A major restructure of the Department of Education followed.

The Public Sector Management Commission (PSMC) reviewed the Department of Education including its role, operations, responsibilities and management.

Greater responsibilities were devolved to 11 regions for resource, financial administration and human resource management.

A new English Language Arts Syllabus was introduced.

Priority was given to expanding languages other than English (LOTE).

The Viviani Report recommended the establishment of the Tertiary Entrance Procedures Authority (TEPA).

Consultants were engaged to assist in the development of an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) management plan.

The Equity Directorate (Workforce and Studies) was established. A social justice strategy was developed.

The PSMC developed guidelines for recruitment and selection based on merit and equity principles.

The inspectorate ended.

The report Focus on Schools recommended that a strategy for managing the integration policy in Queensland schools be developed as a matter of urgency, and that a state-wide support centre for students with low incidence disabilities be established. A restructure of the Department of Education followed.

Occupational therapists and physiotherapists were employed by the Department of Education to work in schools with students with disabilities. (These services were transferred from the Department of Families).

Policy Statement — Management of Support Teaching: Learning Difficulties (P–7) was introduced.

 

education.qld.gov.au/about-us/history/chronology-of-educa...

 

Mike (Mike Nesmith) on boot phone in Season 1 episode 29 "Get Out More Dirt"

blog.ounodesign.com/2011/12/12/the-monkees/

On May 12, the Gillings School's 78th Commencement Ceremony celebrated the Class of 2018! During the ceremony, more than 330 students were awarded degrees. Dr. Camara Phyllis Jones, the Commencement speaker, charged all in attendance to, “Be courageous, be unafraid of controversy and tell your truth.”

Maker: William Savage (1817-1887)

Born: UK

Active: UK

Medium: albumen print

Size: 3 1/8 in x 4 in

Location:

 

Object No. 2020.371ab

Shelf: PHO-1866

 

Publication: The Birth-Place, Home, Churches, and Other Places Connected with the Author of "The Christian Year," (Rev. J. KEBLE) Illustrated in Thirty-two Photographs by W. SAVAGE; with Notes by the Rev. J. F. MOOR. William Savage. Winchester. James Parker. London, 1866

Nineteenth Century Photography, Charles Wood Catalogue 146, Cambridge, 2011, No 136

 

Other Collections:

 

Notes: Although William Savage is best known as a Winchester photographer he and his wife, Mary Ann, first traded in fancy wool and needlework goods from 12 The Square, where they established a warehouse in 1836, later expanding into souvenir china and glass wares and moving into the High Street. In 1858 a final move was made to 97 (now 58) High Street and by 1861 Savage had added photography to his other interests, building a studio for this purpose at the rear of his new premises.His first commercial photographs were studio portraits in the then fashionable form of cartes-de-visite – the successor to calling cards which developments in photography made relatively inexpensive to produce and which were extremely popular in the second half of the nineteenth century. During the 1860s the photographic side of his business expanded rapidly; by 1864 he was also taking a wide range of outdoor photographs including topographical views, churches and houses in Winchester and the surrounding countryside. The following year he employed an apprentice photographer, and in 1869 he built a branch establishment, the Wykeham Studio, next to his house which was then Friary Cottage in Southgate Road, but is now known as Friary House in St Michael’s Road. He continued his photographic business at these two locations until his death at the age of seventy. (source: Hampshire Cultural Trust)

 

To view our archive organized by Collections, visit: OUR COLLECTIONS

 

For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE

SAN JOSE, CA—NOVEMBER 12: The San Jose Barracudas play against the Colorado Eagles on November 12, at the Tech CU Arena in San Jose, California (Photo by Meredith Williams/Barracudas)

This June, it is 75 years ago since Saab first announced that it would produce cars, on a press conference in Linköping 1947. The rest is well known history and resulted in 4,6 million cars that created the famous Saab Spirit around the world.

www.vastsverige.com/visittrollhattanvanersborg/evenemang/...

June 10-12 the Saab Car Museum in Trollhättan celebrate 75 years of Saab cars.

  

Pirate Jam @ The Westcott Theater - Syracuse, NY 7-17-2012 © Matthew Balch

Taken in response to SPNC - Year 2 - Instruction # 12:

 

A street is full of emotions. Show it. - Michal Adamski

During the Jazz Age:

 

Photoplay magazine's cover story promises a revealing, behind the scenes look at Clara Bow with an interview that sounds as if Clara were doing an expose of herself. Yet, Clara remains enticingly coy, hinting at her many boyfriends but not confirming or denying rumors of her wild time with the University of Southern California's football team.

 

Clara: "I'll tell the public enough so they know that I'm a fun girl, which is true. But if people knew about everything that goes on in Hollywood--they'd know that I'm pretty tame compared to a lot of people. Even though I'm pretty wild, too! Hollywood's like that--unless you live here, you'd never believe it!"

 

***In reality, there has long been a rumor that Clara 'consorted with' the entire USC football team

NORTH SULAWESI, Indonesia (June 12, 2012) Military Sealift Command hospital ship USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) sails through the remote islands to the Northeast of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on June 12.The Mercy had just left Sangihe i, one of several islands in North Sulawesi that Pacific Partnership 2012 visited. Pacific Partnership is an annual U.S. Pacific Fleet humanitarian aid civic assistance mission now in its seventh year that brings together U.S. military personnel, host and partner nations, non-government organizations and international agencies to build stronger relationships and develop disaster response capabilities throughout the Asia-Pacific region. (Photo by Kristopher Radder)

KIM POSSIBLE - Stars attend the premiere of the live-action Disney Channel Original Movie "Kim Possible" at the Television Academy of Arts & Sciences on Tuesday, February 12. The movie debuts Friday, February 15 (8:00 p.m. ET/PT) on Disney Channel. (Disney Channel/Image Group LA)

RUBY JAY, SOPHIE MICHELLE, SOFIE DOSSI

The Delaware National Guard is participating in a state-wide disaster response exercise starting Tuesday.

 

The exercise, Operation Highball, is an all-hazards event taking place July 9-12.

 

The purpose of the operation is to work on the coordination between civilian, state, regional and federal partners.

 

Operation Highball will prepare the Delaware National Guard units to fulfill state emergency response gaps during a disaster.

 

More than 300 personnel participating from 24 different civilian, state, and federal agencies including those from Pennsylvania and Virginia will be attending.

 

The operation is focused on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear training focus.

On Saturday, March 12, the US Marshal Service had a friendly game of hockey against the DC Metropolitan Police Department, at the St. James Hockey Rink in, Springfield, Virginia. The U.S. Marshals won the game 10 to 6.

Photo By: Shane T. McCoy / US Marshals

06/13/12

@ The Blue Moose Tap House

Iowa City, IA

 

[please DO NOT use this photo without my permission]

Between Thursday, 8.12. and Tuesday, 13.12., the paradise-on-earth Portuguese island transformed into a hotbed of digital art and culture once more.

 

MADEIRADiG Festival 2022: www.madeiradig.com

 

All pictures by Roland Owsnitzki

The Occasional Olympus Flex (#tlrtuesday review no. 15).

From my blog: rangefinderchronicles.blogspot.com/2018/12/the-occasional...

This morning I got to visit Noordeinde Palace in The Hague. It is one of three official Royal Palaces of the Royal Family. It is from the 17th century and state owned. Each summer they open the doors for three weeks for normal folks to have a look inside.

 

Entrance is only €10. Early morning, who was the first to enter the building? You best believe it was me! Who offers the Flickr family full size photo's from inside the Palace without any people in it? Huh? Shiiiiiiiittttttt.

 

Girl: "Sir, can I offer you an audio guide?" Me: "Listen up girly girl, I've got me some wikipedia at home okay and my time on planet Earth is limited. I'm not here to learn. I'm here to take picalillies, so step aside, let me Enter the Ninja and let me do my MA-GIC." *brappp* *brapppp*

 

youtu.be/Aql5ywVRMyk?si=DKlvmAcqt22v-k2G&t=13

Construction of a Custom Data Center -Weeks 10 - 12: The floor slab has been poured and is setting up.

 

A sequence of photos of the progression in constructing a data center rapidly, in 26 weeks, at 1201 Comstock St, Santa Clara, CA. This data center facility was designed and constructed by Digital Realty Trust.

Buit or greatly improved by Justinian, it's one of the only ancient structures, and the largest, that I saw or know of in this city which was the 3rd largest in the Roman empire, once home to 1/2 a million. "Procopius, a Byzantine scholar from the sixth century, gives us the following description:

“It is proper to describe also what he did with the torrent which comes down from these mountains. 2 precipitous mountains rise above the city, approaching each other quite closely. Of these they call the one Orocassias [Mt. Cassius] and the other is called Staurin. Where they come to an end they are joined by a glen and ravine which lies between them, which produces a torrent, when it rains, called Onopnictes. This, coming down from a height, swept over the circuit-wall and on occasion rose to a great volume, spreading into the streets of the city and doing ruinous damage to those who lived in that district. But even for this the Emperor Justinian found the remedy, in the following way: Before that part of the circuit-wall which happens to lie nearest to the ravine out of which the torrent was borne against the fortifications, he built an immense wall or dam, which reached roughly from the hollow bed of the ravine to each of the two mountains, so that the stream should no longer be able to sweep on when it was at full flood, but should collect for a considerable distance back and form a lake there. And by constructing sluice-gates in this wall he contrived that the torrent, flowing through these, should lose its force gradually, checked by this artificial barrier, and no longer violently assault the circuit-wall with its full stream, and so overflow it and damage the city, but should gently and evenly glide on in the manner I have described and, with this means of outflow, should proceed through the channel wherever the inhabitants of former times would have wished to conduct it if it had been so manageable.” antioch-on-the-orontes.blogspot.ca/2010/10/iron-gate.html (a link to an interesting blog with all things Antioch)

 

www.google.ca/maps/@36.2089395,36.1818282,301m/data=!3m1!1e3

 

- This is one of the few tangible remnants in situ of ancient Antioch, the 3rd largest city in the Roman empire (although this is Byzantine). There are some overgrown, low-lying Roman ruins in the city's vicinity that I've read about since I was here, but the famous mosaic museum and the alleged cave church of St. Peter et al. are the focus for most tourists interested in the city's important ancient Roman history.

- "Among the early churches in Antioch was the octagonal Domus Aurea (Golden House), a magnificent structure thought to have been Constantine the Great’s palace chapel, built in 327 CE. Destroyed by fires and earthquakes in 588, its exact location is lost to us today, but it is known through the description of contemporaries to have served as the prototype for the octagonal Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, from where the Emperor Charlemagne took his inspiration for his own palace chapel at Aachen, Germany." (D. Darke)

  

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