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What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
© Jesús Joglar.
Prohibido el uso para fines comerciales sin previa autorización escrita. No use esta imagen en webs, blogs o cualquier medio de comunicación sin mi permiso explícito.
© Todos los derechos reservados.
joglar@gmail.com
__________________________________________________________________________________
Prohibited the use for commercial purposes without prior written authorization. Don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission.
© All rights reserved.
joglar@gmail.com
ZI45_0209
for more info see tags
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
A tortoise at the Galapagos Giant Tortoise Centre on Isabella
Galapagos Giant Tortoise
The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (Geochelone nigra) is the largest living tortoise, native to seven islands of the Galápagos archipelago. The Galápagos tortoise is unique to the Galápagos Islands. Fully grown adults can weigh over 300 kilograms (661 lb) and measure 1.2 meters (4 ft) long. They are long-lived with a life expectancy in the wild estimated to be 100-150 years. Populations fell dramatically because of hunting and the introduction of predators and grazers by humans since the seventeenth century. Now only ten subspecies of the original twelve exist in the wild. However, conservation efforts since the establishment of the Galápagos National Park and the Charles Darwin Foundation have met with success, and hundreds of captive-bred juveniles have been released back onto their home islands. They have become one of the most symbolic animals of the fauna of the Galápagos Islands. The tortoises have very large shells (carapace) made of bone. The bony plates of the shell are integral to the skeleton, fused with the ribs in a rigid protective structure. Naturalist Charles Darwin remarked "These animals grow to an immense size ... several so large that it required six or eight men to lift them from the ground.". This is due to the phenomenon of island gigantism whereby in the absence of natural predation, the largest tortoises had a survival advantage and no disadvantage in fleeing or fending off predators. When threatened, it can withdraw its head, neck and all forelimbs into its shell for protection, presenting a protected shield to a would-be predator. The legs have hard scales that also provide armour when withdrawn. Tortoises keep a characteristic scute pattern on their shell throughout life. These have annual growth bands but are not useful for aging as the outer layers are worn off. There is little variation in the dull-brown colour of the shell or scales. Physical features (including shape of the shell) relate to the habitat of each of the subspecies. These differences were noted by Captain Porter even before Charles Darwin. Larger islands with more wet highlands such as Santa Cruz and the Alcedo Volcano on Isabela have lush vegetation near the ground. Tortoises here tend to have 'dome-back' shells. These animals have restricted upward head movement due to shorter necks, and also have shorter limbs. These are the heaviest and largest of the subspecies.Smaller, drier islands such as Española and Pinta are inhabited by tortoises with 'saddleback' shells comprising a flatter carapace which is elevated above the neck and flared above the hind feet. Along with longer neck and limbs, this allows them to browse taller vegetation. On these drier islands the Galápagos Opuntia cactus (a major source of their fluids) has evolved a taller, tree-like form. This is evidence of an evolutionary arms race between progressively taller tortoises and correspondingly taller cacti. Saddlebacks are smaller in size than domebacks. They tend to have a yellowish color on lower mandible and throat. At one extreme, the Sierra Negra volcano population that inhabits southern Isabela Island has a very flattened "tabletop" shell. However, there is no saddleback/domeback dualism; tortoises can also be of 'intermediate' type with characteristics of both. The tortoises are slow-moving reptiles with an average long-distance walking speed of 0.3 km/h (0.18 mph). Although feeding giant tortoises browse with no apparent direction, when moving to water-holes or nesting grounds, they can move at surprising speeds for their size. Marked individuals have been reported to have traveled 13 km in two days. Being cold-blooded, the tortoises bask for two hours after dawn, absorbing the energy through their shells, then becoming active for 8–9 hours a day. They may sleep for about sixteen hours in a mud wallow partially or submerged in rain-formed pools (sometimes dew ponds formed by garua-moisture dripping off trees). This may be both a thermoregulatory response and a protection from parasites such as mosquitoes and ticks. Some rest in a 'pallet'- a snug depression in soft ground or dense brush- which probably helps to conserve heat and may aid digestion. On the Alcedo Volcano, repeated use of the same sites by the large resident population has resulted in the formation of small sandy pits. Darwin observed that: "The inhabitants believe that these animals are absolutely deaf; certainly they do not overhear a person walking near behind them. I was always amused, when overtaking one of these great monsters as it was quietly pacing along, to see how suddenly, the instant I passed, it would draw in its head and legs, and uttering a deep hiss fall to the ground with a heavy sound, as if struck dead." The tortoises can vocalise in aggressive encounters, whilst righting themselves if turned upside down and, in males, during mating. The latter is described as "rhythmic groans". The tortoises are herbivorous animals with a diet comprising cactus, grasses, leaves, vines, and fruit. Fresh young grass is a favorite food of the tortoises, and others are the 'poison apple' (Hippomane mancinella) (toxic to humans), the endemic guava (Psidium galapageium), the water fern (Azolla microphylla), and the bromeliad (Tillandsia insularis). Tortoises eat a large quantity of food when it is available at the expense of incomplete digestion. Its favorite food is grasses. The tortoise normally eat an average of 70 to 80 pounds a day. Tortoises have a classic example of a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with some species of Galápagos finch. The finch hops in front of the tortoise to show that it is ready and the tortoise then raises itself up high on its legs and stretches out its neck so that the bird can pick off ticks that are hidden in the folds of the skin (especially on the rear legs, cloacal opening, neck, and skin between plastron and carapace), thus freeing the tortoise from harmful parasites and providing the finch with an easy meal. Other birds, including Galápagos Hawk and flycatchers, use tortoises as observation posts from which to sight their prey. Mating occurs at any time of the year, although it does have seasonal peaks between January and August. When two mature males meet in the mating season they will face each other, rise up on their legs and stretch up their necks with their mouths open to assess dominance. Occasionally, head-biting occurs, but usually the shorter loser tortoise will back off, leaving the other to mate with the female. In groups of tortoises from mixed island populations, saddleback males have an advantage over domebacks. Frustrated non-dominant males have been observed attempting to mate with other males and boulders. The male sniffs the air when seeking a female, bellows loudly, and bobs his head. The male then rams the female with the front of his shell and bites her exposed legs until she withdraws them, immobilizing her. Copulation can last several hours with roaring vocalisations from the males. Their concave shell base allows males to mount the females from behind. It brings its tail which houses the penis into the female's cloaca. After mating (June-December), the females journey up to several kilometres to reach nesting areas of dry, sandy ground (often near the coast). Nest digging can last from hours to days and is elaborate and exhausting. It is carried out blindly using only the hind legs to dig a 30 cm deep hole, into which she lays up to sixteen hard-shelled eggs the size of tennis balls. The female makes a muddy plug for the nest hole out of soil mixed with urine and leaves the eggs to incubate. In rocky areas, the eggs are deposited randomly into cracks. The young emerge from the nest after 120 to 140 days gestation later (December-April) and may weigh only 80 grams (2.8 oz) and measure 6 centimetres (2.4 in). Temperature plays a role in the sex of the hatchling: if the nest temperature is lower, more males will hatch; if it is high, more females will hatch. When the young tortoises emerge from their shells, they must dig their way to the surface, which can take up to a month. All have domed carapaces, and subspecies are indistinguishable. Galápagos Hawk used to be the only native predator of the tortoise hatchlings, as Darwin remarked: "The young tortoises, as soon as they are hatched, fall prey in great numbers to buzzards". Sex can be determined only when the tortoise is 15 years old, and sexual maturity is reached at 20 to 25 years old. The tortoises grow slowly for about 40 years until they reach their full size. Reproductive prime is considered to be from the ages of 60–90. The shape of the carapace of some subspecies of the tortoises is said to have reminded the early Spanish explorers of a kind of saddle they called a "galápago," and for these saddle-shaped tortoises they named the archipelago. Up to 250,000 tortoises inhabited the islands when they were discovered. Today only about 15,000 are left.
The inhabitants...state that they can distinguish the tortoise from different islands; and that they differ not only in size, but in other characters. Captain Porter has described those from Charles and from the nearest island to it, namely Hood Island, as having their shells in front thick and turned up like a Spanish saddle, whilst the tortoises from James Island are rounder, blacker, and have a better taste when cooked.---Charles Darwin 1845
There were probably twelve subspecies of Geochelone nigra in the Galápagos Islands, although some recognise up to 15 subspecies. Now only 11 subspecies remain, five on Isabela Island, and the other six on Santiago, Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Pinzón, Española and Pinta. Of these, the Pinta Island subspecies is extinct in the wild and is represented by a single individual (Lonesome George). In the past, zoos took animals without knowing their island of origin. Production of fertile offspring from various pairings of tortoises largely confirmed that they are subspecies and not different species. All the subspecies of giant tortoise evolved in Galápagos from a common ancestor that arrived from the mainland, floating on the ocean currents (the tortoises can drift for long periods of time as they are buoyant and can stretch head upwards to breathe). Only a single pregnant female or breeding pair needed to arrive in this way, and then survive, for Galápagos to be colonised. In the seventeenth century, pirates started to use the Galápagos islands as a base for resupply, restocking on food, water and repairing vessels before attacking Spanish colonies on the South American mainland. The tortoises were collected and stored live on board ships where they could survive for at least a year without food or water, providing valuable fresh meat, whilst their diluted urine and water stored in their neck bags could also be used as drinking water. Of the meat, Darwin wrote: "the breast-plate roasted (as the Gauchos do 'carne con cuero'), with the flesh on it, is very good; and the young tortoises make excellent soup; but otherwise the meat to my taste is indifferent." In the nineteenth century, whaling ships and fur-sealers collected tortoises for food and many more were killed for high grade 'turtle oil' from the late 1800s onward. Darwin described this process thus: "beautifully clear oil is prepared from the fat. When a tortoise is caught, the man makes a slit in the skin near its tail, so as to see inside its body, whether the fat under the dorsal plate is thick. If it is not, the animal is liberated and it is said to recover soon from this strange operation." A total of over 15,000 tortoises is recorded in the logs of 105 whaling ships between 1811 and 1844. As hunters found it easiest to collect the tortoises living round the coastal zones, the least decimated populations tended to be those in the highlands. Population decline accelerated with the early settlement of the islands, when they were hunted for meat, their habitat was cleared for agriculture and alien mammal species were introduced. Feral pigs, dogs, cats and black rats are effective predators of eggs and young tortoises, whilst goats, donkeys and cattle compete for grazing. In the twentieth century, increasing human settlement and urbanisation and collection of tortoises for zoo and museum specimens depleted numbers even more. The Galápagos giant tortoise is now strictly protected. Young tortoises are raised in a programme by the Charles Darwin Research Station in order to bolster the numbers of the extant subspecies. Eggs are collected from places on the islands where they are threatened and when the tortoises hatch they are kept in captivity until they have reached a size that ensures a good chance of survival and are returned to their original ranges. The Galápagos National Park Service systematically culls feral predators and competitors where necessary such as the complete eradication of goats from Pinta. The conservation project begun in the 1970s successfully brought 10 of the 11 endangered subspecies up to guarded population levels. The most significant recovery was that of the Española Tortoise, whose breeding stock comprised 2 males and 11 females brought to the Darwin Station. Fortuitously, a third male was discovered at the San Diego Zoo and joined the others in a captive breeding program. These 13 tortoises gave rise to over 1000 tortoises now released into their home island. In all, 2500 individuals of all breeds have been reintroduced to the islands. However, persecution still continues on a much smaller scale; more than 120 tortoises have been killed by poachers since 1990 and they have been taken hostage as political leverage by local fishermen.
Isabella
Shaped like a sea horse, Isabela is the largest of the the islands in the Galapagos, more than 4 times larger than Santa Cruz the next largest. Isabela is 80 miles (100 km) in length and though it is remarkably beautiful it is not one of the most visited islands in the chain. Its visitor sites are far apart making them accessible only to faster boats or those with longer itineraries. One of the youngest islands, Isabela is located on the western edge of the archipelago near the Galapagos hot spot. At approximately 1 million years old, the island was formed by the merger of 6 shield volcanoes - Alcedo, Cerro Azul, Darwin, Ecuador, Sierra Negra and Wolf. Five of the six volcanoes are still active (the exception is Ecuador) making it one of the most volcanically active places on earth. Visitors cruising past Elizabeth Bay on the west coast can see evidence of this activity in the fumaroles rising from Volcan Chico on Sierra Negra. Two of Isabela's volcanoes lie directly on the equator - Ecuador and Volcan Wolf. Volcan Wolf is the youngest of Isabela's volcanoes and at 5,600ft (1707 m) the highest point in the Galapagos. Isabela is known for its geology, providing visitors with excellent examples of the geologic occurrences that have created the Galapagos Islands including uplifts at Urbina Bay and the Bolivar Channel, Tuft cones at Tagus Cove, and Pulmace on Alcedo. Isabela is also interesting for its flora and fauna. The young island does not follow the vegetation zones of the other islands. The relatively new lava fields and surrounding soils have not developed the sufficient nutrients required to support the varied life zones found on other islands. Another obvious difference occurs on Volcan Wolf and Cerro Azul, these volcanoes loft above the cloud cover and are arid on top. Isabela's rich animal, bird, and marine life is beyond compare. Isabela is home to more wild tortoises than all the other islands. Isabela's large size and notable topography created barriers for the slow moving tortoises; apparently the creatures were unable to cross lava flows and other obstacles, causing several different sub-species of tortoise to develop. Today tortoises roam free in the calderas of Alcedo, Wolf, Cerro Azul, Darwin and Sierra Negra. Alcedo Tortoises spend most of their life wallowing in the mud at the volcano crater. The mud offers moisture, insulation and protects their exposed flesh from mosquitoes, ticks and other insects. The giant tortoises have a mediocre heat control system requiring them to seek the coolness of the mud during the heat of the day and the extra insulation during the cool of the night. On the west coast of Isabela the nutrient rich Cromwell Current upwelling creating a feeding ground for fish, whales, dolphin and birds. These waters have long been known as the best place to see whales in the Galapagos. Some 16 species of whales have been identified in the area including humpbacks, sperms, sei, minkes and orcas. During the 19th century whalers hunted in these waters until the giant creatures were near extinction. The steep cliffs of Tagus Cove bare the names of many of the whaling ships and whalers which hunted in these waters. Birders will be delighted with the offerings of Isabela. Galapagos Penguins and flightless cormorants also feed from the Cromwell Current upwelling. These endemic birds nest along the coast of Isabela and neighboring Fernandina. The mangrove finch, Galapagos Hawk, brown pelican, pink flamingo and blue heron are among the birds who make their home on Isabela. A colorful part to any tour located on the western shore of Isabela, Punta Moreno is often the first or last stopping point on the island (depending on the direction the boat is heading). Punta Moreno is a place where the forces of the Galapagos have joined to create a work of art. The tour starts with a panga ride along the beautiful rocky shores where Galapagos penguins and shore birds are frequently seen. After a dry landing the path traverses through jagged black lava rock. As the swirling black lava flow gave way to form craters, crystal tide pools formed-some surrounded by mangroves. This is a magnet for small blue lagoons, pink flamingos, blue herons, and Bahama pintail ducks. Brown pelican can be seen nesting in the green leaves of the mangroves. You can walk to the edge of the lava to look straight down on these pools including the occasional green sea turtle, white-tipped shark and puffer fish. This idyllic setting has suffered from the presence of introduced species. Feral dogs in the area are known to attack sea Lions and marine iguanas.
Galapagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón; other Spanish names: Islas de Colón or Islas Galápagos) are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, some 900 km west of Ecuador. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site: wildlife is its most notable feature. Because of the only very recent arrival of man the majority of the wildlife has no fear of humans and will allow visitors to walk right up them, often having to step over Iguanas or Sea Lions.The Galápagos islands and its surrounding waters are part of a province, a national park, and a biological marine reserve. The principal language on the islands is Spanish. The islands have a population of around 40,000, which is a 40-fold expansion in 50 years. The islands are geologically young and famed for their vast number of endemic species, which were studied by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. His observations and collections contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Paris Saint Germain - VfL Wolfsburg (2:0)
18.02.09
Feuer und Flamme im Gästeblock zum Einlauf des guten Teams.
© Jesús Joglar.
Prohibido el uso para fines comerciales sin previa autorización escrita. No use esta imagen en webs, blogs o cualquier medio de comunicación sin mi permiso explícito.
© Todos los derechos reservados.
joglar@gmail.com
__________________________________________________________________________________
Prohibited the use for commercial purposes without prior written authorization. Don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission.
© All rights reserved.
joglar@gmail.com
ZI45_0298
for more info see tags
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
© Jesús Joglar.
Prohibido el uso para fines comerciales sin previa autorización escrita. No use esta imagen en webs, blogs o cualquier medio de comunicación sin mi permiso explícito.
© Todos los derechos reservados.
joglar@gmail.com
__________________________________________________________________________________
Prohibited the use for commercial purposes without prior written authorization. Don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission.
© All rights reserved.
joglar@gmail.com
ZI45_0098
Zero Image 45 pinhole camera; 4x5 in film; focal length 25mm; d 0.18 mm; f/138; <145º
Shanghai GP3 100 ASA; exp time 10 sec; Rodinal 1+100 20º 80 min (4 inv + 40 min + 4 inv + 40 min)
Muni's newest vintage car, Melbourne SW6 tram 916, arrived in San Francisco on September 16, 2009 at Metro East. It moved on its own power to Geneva Shop the next day and entered the Body Shop for some touchup work, where it is seen on 0/18/200. © 2009 Peter Ehrlich
Taken at Latitude/Longitude:51.514248/-0.139618. 0.18 km South-East Oxford Circus England United Kingdom (Map link)
Los tres porteros azulgranas han recibido 0,54 goles de media en los 33 partidos de la racha de imbatibiltiat y han dejado la portería a cero en 17 de estos
En el 2016 se mantiene
El rendimiento en la portería ha sido regular y constante. Y es que desde que comenzó el 2016, el Barça ha disputado 17 partidos, ha recibido nueve goles -en nueve partidos diferentes- y ha mantenido una media en 0,53 goles por encuentro.
El buen momento futbolista del Barça tiene mucho que ver con el rendimiento ofensivo de todo el equipo, pero también tiene una relación directa con la seguridad que transmite la portería. Los azulgranas acumulan 33 partidos consecutivos sin perder, una racha que ha catapultado al equipo en las tres competiciones. Los de Luis Enrique cuentan con un margen de ocho puntos al frente de la Liga, tienen el billete para la final de la Copa del Rey y han conseguido un 0-2 en la ida de los octavos de final de la Liga de Campeones.
En estos 33 partidos el Barça se ha caracterizado por ofrecer grandes momentos de fútbol fantasía y también por una solidez defensiva necesaria para acabar levantando títulos. En este aspecto, Claudio Bravo, Marc-André ter Stegen y Jordi Masip han sido los encargados de liderar el buen rendimiento en la portería propia. El chileno ha disputado hasta el momento los partidos de Liga, mientras que el alemán ha jugado los de la Champions y la Copa del Rey, exceptuando la ida contra el Villanovense, cuando jugó Masip.
0,54 goles por partido de media
En el global de la racha de imbatibilitat, los tres porteros sólo han recibido 18 goles en 33 partidos, que supone una media de sólo 0,54 goles por partido. En total, el Barça ha dejado su portería a cero en 17 partidos, y sólo ha recibido dos goles en dos de estos encuentros: en el Camp Nou contra el Rayo Vallecano (5-2) y el Deportivo de la Coruña (2-2).
Además de la eficiencia bajo palos, los tres porteros han aportado su grano de arena en la creación. Y es que muchas jugadas del Barça empiezan en los pies de Bravo, Ter Stegen o Masip. Sus compañeros no dudan en confiar la pelota al portero en casos de presión alta del rival, y el dueño de la portería suele iniciar las jugadas con criterio y precisión.
TOTAL
Partidos disputados
20
12
1
33
Goles recibidos
11
7
0
18
Media
0,55 gols/partit
0,58 gols/partit
0 gols/partit
0,54 gols/partit
Partidos conportería a cero
11
5
1
17
Javier Fernandez Auditor
via: ift.tt/1LfNerS
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The second half of the Second World War saw the Focke-Wulf Fw190, in its various forms, emerge as the best of what was available to the Luftwaffe. The dedicated fighter version was a high performance, heavily armed machine. Its development had a precarious beginning, against a 1938 specification issued by the Technisches Amt, RLM. The first prototype took to the air on June 1, 1939. After a series of improvements and even radical changes, the design culminated in the fall of 1940 in the pre-series version Fw190A-0.
Development of the thoroughbred fighter continued in the guise of the Fw190D, which began to reach Luftwaffe units in the second half of 1944 and was the result of mounting an in-line Jumo213A-1 engine into a modified Fw190A-8 airframe. The Fw 190 D (nicknamed the Dora; or Long-Nose Dora, "Langnasen-Dora") was intended to improve on the high-altitude performance of the A-series enough to make it useful against the American heavy bombers of the era.
With the D version the power plant was changed from the radial engine of earlier models to a 12-cylinder inverted-V liquid-cooled engine. The Jumo 213A generated 1,750 PS (1,730 hp; 1,290 kW) and could produce 2,100 PS (2,100 hp; 1,500 kW) of emergency power with MW 50 injection, improving performance to 686 km/h (426 mph) at 6,600 m (21,700 ft). In order to fit the new engine in the Fw 190 fuselage while maintaining proper balance, both the nose and the tail of the aircraft were lengthened, adding nearly 1.52 m (5.0 ft) to the fuselage, bringing the overall length to 10.192 m (33.44 ft) versus the 9.10 m (29.9 ft) of the late war A-9 series. The lengthened tail required a straight-sided bay, 30 cm (12 in) long, spliced in forward of the rear angled joint and tail assembly of the fuselage. To further aid balance, the pilot's oxygen bottles were moved aft and located in the new bay. This gave the rear fuselage a "stretched" appearance.
Furthermore, the move to a V12 engine from a radial engine required more components to be factored into the design, most significantly the need for coolant radiators (radial engines are air-cooled). To keep the design as simple and as aerodynamic as possible, Tank used an annular radiator (the AJA 180 L) installed at the front of the engine, similar to the configuration used in the Jumo powered versions of the Junkers Ju 88. The annular radiator with its adjustable cooling gills resembled a radial engine installation, although the row of six short exhausts stacks on either side of the elongated engine cowling showed that the Jumo 213 was an inverted V12 engine.
While the first few Doras were fitted with the early flat-top canopy, these were later replaced with the newer rounded top "blown" canopy first used on the A-8 model, and it offered the pilot an improved all-around field of view, esp. backwards. With the wider canopy the shoulder and head armor plating design was changed, too. Some late-model Doras were also fitted with the broader-chord Ta 152 vertical stabilizer and rudder, often called "Big Tails" by the Luftwaffe ground crews and pilots. The centerline weapons rack was changed to an ETC 504 with a simplified and much smaller mounting and fairing.
The fighter lacked the higher rate of roll of its close coupled radial-engined predecessor. However, it was faster, with a maximum speed of 680 km/h (420 mph) at 6,600 meters (21,700 feet). Its 2,240 horsepower with methanol-water injection (MW 50) gave it an excellent acceleration in combat situations. It also climbed and dived more rapidly than the Fw 190A and was superior in turn rate, so that it proved well suited to the dive-and-zoom ambush tactics favored by the Schlageter fighter wing's pilots from November 1944 onward, when the wing converted to the Fw 190D. Many of the early models were not equipped with methanol tanks for the MW 50 boost system, which was in very short supply in any event. At low altitude, the top speed and acceleration of these examples were inferior to those of Allied fighters.
Sporting good handling and performance characteristics, the D-9 made an effective medium altitude, high speed interceptor, although its performance still fell away at altitudes above about 6,000 m (20,000 ft). When flown by capable pilots, the Fw 190D proved the equal of Allied types.
As it was used in the anti-fighter role, armament in the "D" was generally lighter compared to that of the earlier aircraft—usually the outer wing cannon were omitted so that the armament consisted of two 13 mm (0.51 in) cowling-mounted MG 131s, with 400 rounds per gun, and two wing root mounted 20 mm MG 151/20E cannon with 250 rounds per gun; all four weapons were synchronized to fire through the propeller arc. The wings of the Dora still were capable of carrying outer wing cannon, though, and also still had the electrical circuits and attachment points from the A-8 fighter for the underwing BR 21 rocket- propelled mortar rounds, although none appeared to have used these operationally.
The first Fw 190 D-9s started entering service in September 1944, with III./JG 54. It was quickly followed by other units including I./JG 26 which flew its last operations on the A-8s on 19 November 1944. Slightly more than 1.800 Doras were eventually built.
Due to the worsening situation some Doras were not only employed as daytime interceptors, a few of them were also transferred to night fighter units and used in “Wilde Sau (Wild boar)” tactics: instead of being guided towards their aerial targets through ground radar stations; the pilots were given a free hand to over-fly bombed areas to see if they could locate bombers using the ground fires below, and attack these individually. To improve these independent attacks, the Fw 190 D-9/R11 was a dedicated night fighter conversion which used a standardized Rüstsatz (equipment package); about thirty airframes in total were modified from regular day fighters in this way.
The D-9/R11 featured flame-dampening boxes fitted over the Jumo 213A’s exhaust stubs, muzzle flame dampers for the wing root guns and glare panels on the flanks for the pilot. A blind-flying radio equipment was added, as well as a PKS 12 radio direction finder, and window heaters, too. The Rüstsatz’ core element was a FuG 217 Neptun (Neptune) mid-VHF band radar system, which came with two alternative antenna arrangements. One version featured arrays of three dipole antenna elements vertically mounted fore and aft of the cockpit and above and below the wings. The other was a more obvious set of asymmetrical ‘antler’ Yagi dipole antennas on the wings’ leading edges. In both cases a small monitor was added to the upper left of the dashboard that displayed the radar’s acquisition. The FuG 217 worked on two switchable frequencies (158 and 187MHz) and had a forward search angle of 120°. Bomber-sized targets could be detected at a range between 400–4,000 m (440–4,370 yd). The radar could be combined with an additional “Elfe (Pixie)” device to automatically measure the target distance and fire the guns at a set range, but apparently only a handful D-9/R11 night fighters were outfitted with it. To compensate for the raised drag esp. of the FuG 217’s Yagi antenna arrays, most D-9/R11s with this arrangement were outfitted with new VDM all-metal four-blade propellers.
The Fw 190 D-9/R11’s primal operator was the Luftwaffe’s Nachtjagdgruppe 10 (NJGr 10). This unit was formed on 1 January 1944 at Werneuchen with 3 Staffeln (squadrons) and built from parts of I/Jagdgeschwader 300 (1st Group of 300th Fighter Wing), which contributed the Doras which had formerly been operated as pure daytime fighters. The night fighter conversion with the R11 package was done in the unit’s field workshops, and the machines were gradually introduced to frontline service, just as they became available. NJGr 10 was initially subordinated to the 1. Jagd-Division (1st fighter division), stationed at Döberitz in the West of Berlin, a unit which also operated radar-less Bf 109Gs and Fw 190As. On 6 March 1945, NJGr 10 transferred to Liebenwalde in Brandenburg, north of Berlin, where the 2. Staffel, in which the R11 Doras were concentrated, was primarily tasked with nocturnal interceptions of fast British Mosquito bombers and photo reconnaissance aircraft that tried to reach Berlin. However, after only a single month the whole unit was disbanded, and in April 1945 the remnants of NJGr 10 were absorbed by NJG 5 (Nachtjagdgeschwader/5th Night Fighter Wing), which rather operated heavy twin-engine night fighters like the Ju 88C against slower Allied bombers; the staff was integrated into NJG 5 but all single engine aircraft were passed to other units, where most were used as daytime fighters and lost their draggy radar equipment.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1
Length: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
Height: 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in)
Wing area: 18.3 m² (197 sq ft)
Airfoil: root: NACA 23015.3; tip: NACA 23009
Empty weight: 3,490 kg (7,694 lb)
Gross weight: 4,270 kg (9,414 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 4,840 kg (10,670 lb)
Powerplant:
1× Junkers Jumo 213A V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engine with 1,750 PS (1,726 hp; 1,287 kW)
and temporarily with 2,050 PS (2,022 hp; 1,508 kW)with MW 50 injection, driving a 3- or 4-
bladed constant-speed VDM propeller
Performance:
Maximum speed: 685 km/h (426 mph, 370 kn) at 6,600 m (21,700 ft)
710 km/h (440 mph; 380 kn) at 11,000 m (36,000 ft) with MW 50
Range: 835 km (519 mi, 451 nmi)
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 17 m/s (3,300 ft/min)
Wing loading: 233 kg/m² (48 lb/sq ft)
Power/mass: 0.30–0.35 kW/kg (0.18–0.21 hp/lb)
Armament:
2× 13 mm (0.512 in) MG 131 machine guns with 475 rpg in the upper cowling and
2× 20 mm (0.787 in) MG 151 cannon with 250 rpg in the wing roots,
all synchronized to fire through the propeller arc
1× ventral hardpoint for a 300 l drop tank or a 500 kg (1,102 lb) SC 500 bomb
The kit and its assembly:
This relatively simple what-if build was inspired by the thought that, while there were some Fw 190 A night fighters with radar in Luftwaffe service, no higher-performance Dora was (AFAIK) outfitted with these systems? This was spawned by a Revell 1:72 Fw 190 A-8/R11 kit in The Stash™, and upon inspection of the sprues I saw that the kit comes with an extra sprue for the FuG 217’s Yagi antennae (and a pair of underwing pods with two 20 mm MG 151/20 for an optional fighter bomber). Since I had an Academy Fw 190 D-9 without a real plan yet in The Stash™, too, I decided to combine both into the fictional Fw 190 D-9/R11 night fighter. Effectively, it’s a kind of kitbashing, because two OOB kits were merged, but since the radar elements and some other mods are rather small this technically is just a conversion of the stock Academy Dora.
The Academy Fw 190 is IMHO a really nice kit – robust, but easily built, with very good fit (requiring little PSR) and with sufficient detail. Only cosmetic changes were made, including lowered flaps and a different pilot seat, because the OOB part is bleak and very small, as if made for a pygmy – a classic Academy kit issue!
From the OOB kit I used the optional late “blown” canopy, the Yagi antennae were taken wholesale from the Revell kit (which will find a different use some day) and mounted in the same wing positions as on the Fw 190A. More night fighter flavor came with flame damper fairings over the exhausts (also taken from the Revell kit) and scratched muzzle fairings for the wing root cannons, made from heated styrene tube material and mounted to the kit’s gun barrel tips. Biggest change was the replacement of the OOB propeller with its deep three blades with a new 4-blade prop. Inspiration came from the propeller that was mounted to the supercharged Fw 190C “Känguruh” high-altitude prototypes. It was scratched from the OOB spinner, which was filled with 2C putty and mounted onto a metal axis. Four single propeller blades, left over from two KP Avia B.35 kits (these come with two-blade props, the blades have the same length as the original Fw 190 prop’s) were glued onto the now massive spinner. Inside of the fuselage a styrene tube adapter holds the construction and allows free spinning.
The ventral hardpoint/pylon was retained, even though I rather used the Revell kit’s 300 l drop tank instead of the Academy kit’s part, because it looks better. Shackles had to be improvised to make it compatible with the pylon, though.
Painting and markings:
A bit complicated, even though the model’s paint scheme was based on a real German night fighter camouflage from late 1944. This is a free interpretation of a scheme carried by a Bf 109G of 1./JG 300 in 1944 which was deployed in “Wilde Sau” night interception missions (and where the unit’s emblem stems from), found as a profile drawing (yet of dubious credibility). I slightly extrapolated the livery with the late war Luftwaffe nigh fighter camouflage practices and added personal twists. Late in the war, night fighters received a rather light livery, mostly uniform RLM 76 overall, and additional camouflage was later added in the field, e. g. irregular spots with RLM 75 and/or RLM 83, stripes or even net patterns. However, some aircraft also received black undersides again – partly as an ID measure for FlaK crews on the ground (frequently only a single wing was painted black for this purpose), but probably also as a defilade against the sky. Since this was frequently improvised with a washable soot paint, I adapted this for my model, too.
Mimicking the inspiring Bf 109’s look I gave the model an overall coat of RLM 76 (Humbrol 247), but I painted the rudders’ upper surfaces on the left wing and stabilizer with RLM 74 and 75, simulating cannibalized replacement parts. Similarly, the fuselage gun cowling and some access panels were left in bare metal. I also left the wings’ underside in bare metal/aluminum, with a leading-edge section in RLM 75 (I used Humbrol 106 as an approximation) and ailerons in RLM 76 – a frequent practice on late production Doras to save paint and speed up production.
The model then received a light black ink washing and some panel shading with lighter shades of blue grey. At this stage some decals were applied – national (simplified) markings, the unit emblem (the Revell Fw 190 A-8/R11 features the famous ‘Wild Boar’ emblem of NJGr 10) and stencils. As a member of a night fighter unit the aircraft does not carry any colored unit-related fuselage band anymore, what provides a slightly bleak look.
After this first stage the meandering RLM 75 camouflage pattern was added with Revell 77 (thinned acrylic paint), applied with a small blunt brush, dabbing the undulating lines around the markings. When this had dried up, I concocted a thin and translucent mix of very dark grey tempera, which was sparsely applied with a flat brush to all ventral surfaces and raised along the flanks into the upper camouflage, also covering the national markings but letting the original paint underneath and some markings shine through here and there. This effect was further enhanced through directional sanding on the leading edges, along the hull and at the panel lines, simulating flaking and wear and tear of the temporary dark paint, supported by some dry-brushing with light grey and silver. The tactical code (actually a 1:32 Bundesluftwaffe code number from a generic TL Modellbau sheet) was added on top of that, as if this marking had freshly been outlined with white, to make the aircraft easier to identify despite its improvised camouflage.
After some final soot stains behind the exhausts and around the gun muzzles with graphite the model was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).
Admittedly, this is a rather simple what-if model, but the result looks quite convincing – after all, it’s a mix of real-world elements: the Fw 190D-9 existed, just as the R11 radar package, and even the paint scheme is heavily rooted in contemporary night fighter aircraft from the late 1944- early 1945 era.
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
Damen NLA 2017/2018 - 18. Spieltag - UH Red Lions Frauenfeld - Zug United 4:1 (0:0, 0:1, 4:0)
18.02.2018 - Kantihalle (Frauenfeld)
Foto: Cedric De Silvestro (c.desilvestro@bluewin.ch)
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
What does the Instant structures Mod (ISM) by MaggiCraft?
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
With the Instant Structures Mod (short: ISM) you can choose one of 365+ structures and place them with just a few click in your Minecraft world. The structures sizes range between a few 100 blocks and 3,000,000 blocks. Placing larger structures accordingly takes longer. Structures are divided in themes and are easily accessible through a wiki. The structures of the Instant Structures Mod (ISM) are quite detailed, published structures are listed in the sub-side Structures.
Furthermore you can scan (save) your own structures and place them as many times as you like. You can share your saved structures with your friends or even with the entire Minecraft community ISM is available for Minecraft Versions 1.7.10 and 1.8. To install ISM you need Minecraft Forge.
official website: instant-structures-mod.com/
title: mush
artist: mash
tool: mouse
country: de
date: 4-22-2010
colors: 11
hex color palette: #f0cb2f #2f162d #7abc3f #813544 #c0ff09 #52fe11 #a7a7a7 #829a3b #be3fac #d4d03d #863b98
background: #f1f1f1
size: 968 x 578
action: http://drips.nalindesign.com
artist: mash
There are numerous stretches of stone fence along this country road. Some in better shape than this and some are worse. Time is taking a toll. I liked this shot with encroaching vegetation and a peek at the farm house on the hill. Thanks for looking. light editing with Windows 10 to enhance the blue sky. Comments welcome. Canon EOS Rebel T6
EF-S18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II
ƒ/22.0 18.0 mm 1/50 sec ISO 200
#2018photochallenge