Three-d gee-gee
Pub sign of the "White Horse", Bootham, York, North Yorkshire
Some background information:
The "White Horse" is a traditional style public house that is located in the heart of York. It was founded in 1770 and is continuously kept in service since then. The inn is one of about 350 pubs in the North of England, which are run by Thwaites Brewery.
Thwaites Brewery is a regional brewery founded in 1807 by Daniel Thwaites in Blackburn, Lancashire. The firm still operates from its original town centre site, although the original brewery was demolished in 2011, and the majority of its beer business was sold to Marston's in March 2015. In 1999, the Mitchell brewery in Lancaster closed down, and was bought in part by Thwaites. Lancaster Bomber has since been available from Thwaites public houses after being acquired in the takeover. Thwaites also has a hotels division, which is called Shire Hotels. Lancaster Bomber is now brewed by Marston's, as is Wainwright, the other top-selling Thwaites beer.
The brewery invested heavily in pasteurised keg beers, especially those powered by nitro in the 1990s. However, it is now working to increase the market for its cask beers.In December 2011, Thwaites unveiled a new craft brewery in December named "Crafty Dan".
Born in 1777, Daniel Thwaites first began brewing in Blackburn in 1807 when he joined the 'Eanam Brewery' in partnership with local businessmen, Edward Duckworth and William Clayton. At the age of 31, Daniel married Edward's daughter Betty, who later inherited her father's share of the company following his death in 1822. In 1824, the Brewery became the sole property of Thwaites when William Clayton sold his remaining share of the cony to Daniel.
The 19th century was one of growth and increasing prosperity for the brewery. By 1897 Thwaites had grown enough to become a Limited company, but the real expansion came after the First World War. In 1923, Thwaites bought the James Pickup Wines & Spirits Company and then Henry Shaw & Co, which owned the New Brewery in Salford. In 1925, Thwaites began bottling its beers and in 1927, the company bought the Fountain Free Brewery. In 1946 and 1956 respectively, the brewery purchased the Bury Brewing Company and the Preston Brewery Company and in 1966, the Eanam Brewery was extended and renamed Daniel Thwaites "The Star Brewery".
During the 1960s Thwaites public houses were in abundance across the town and Daniel Thwaites' ales had become popular throughout East Lancashire. 1966 saw the opening of the new £ 5.5 million brewery followed in 1972 by a new £3m bottling plant, considered to be "the last word in bottling complexes".
In 1807, Thwaites started with ten public houses. Based at the Star Brewery in Blackburn, Thwaites now owns an estate of around 350 pubs as well as six four-star full service regional hotels and spas, which trade under the Shire Hotels banner. In addition, Thwaites supplies a full range of drinks to many independently owned pubs, clubs and restaurants in the North of England and a wide range of bottled beers to most major supermarkets.
The city of York, where the "White Horse" is located, is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It has almost 200,000 residents and offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster, the city’s cathedral, is the most prominent.
York was founded in AD 71, when the Ninth Legion conquered the Brigantes and constructed a wooden military fortress on flat ground above the River Ouse close to its confluence with the River Foss. The fortress, which was later rebuilt in stone, covered an area of 20 ha (50 acres) and was inhabited by 6,000 soldiers. The site of the Roman fortress lies under the foundations of York Minster, and excavations in the Minster's undercroft have revealed some of the original walls.
In the post-Roman era York declined. However it was taken and settled by the Angles in the 5th century. At the beginning of the 7th century King Edwin of Northumbria made York his chief city. In 627 the first minster church in stone was built in York on behalf of Edwin, but as Edwin was killed in 633, the task of completing the stone minster fell to his successor Oswald.
Through its location on the River Ouse and its proximity to the Great North Road the York became a major trading centre in medieval times. King John granted the city's first charter in 1212, confirming trading rights in England and Europe. During the course of the later Middle Ages York became a major cloth manufacturing and trading centre. Edward I further stimulated the city's economy by using the city as a base for his war in Scotland. In 1381 the city was the location of significant unrest during the so-called Peasants' Revolt.
During Tudor times York underwent a period of economic decline. Under Henry VIII, the Dissolution of the Monasteries saw the end of the York's many monastic houses. This led to the Pilgrimage of Grace, an uprising of northern Catholics in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire who were opposed to religious reform. Guy Fawkes, who was born and educated in York, was a member of a group of Roman Catholic restorationists that planned the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. Its aim was to displace Protestant rule by blowing up the Houses of Parliament while King James I, the entire Protestant, and even most of the Catholic aristocracy and nobility were inside. However the plan failed and Guy Fawkes was executed just one year later.
In the following centuries, York lost its pre-eminent position as a trading centre, because of the competition from the nearby cities of Leeds and Hull, together with silting of the River Ouse. Nevertheless, the city's role as the social and cultural centre for wealthy northerners was on the rise.
The introduction of the railways in 1839 also established engineering in the city, but with the emergence of tourism as a major industry, the historic core of York became one of the city's major assets. In 1968 York’s historic centre was designated a conservation area. The existing tourist attractions were supplemented by the establishment of the National Railway Museum in 1975 and the Jorvik Viking Centre in 1984. The opening of the University of York in 1963 also added to the prosperity of the city. In June 2007 York was voted as European Tourism City of the Year by European Cities Marketing, beating 130 other European cities to gain first place. Of course the city hasn’t lost its charm and attractiveness since then.
Three-d gee-gee
Pub sign of the "White Horse", Bootham, York, North Yorkshire
Some background information:
The "White Horse" is a traditional style public house that is located in the heart of York. It was founded in 1770 and is continuously kept in service since then. The inn is one of about 350 pubs in the North of England, which are run by Thwaites Brewery.
Thwaites Brewery is a regional brewery founded in 1807 by Daniel Thwaites in Blackburn, Lancashire. The firm still operates from its original town centre site, although the original brewery was demolished in 2011, and the majority of its beer business was sold to Marston's in March 2015. In 1999, the Mitchell brewery in Lancaster closed down, and was bought in part by Thwaites. Lancaster Bomber has since been available from Thwaites public houses after being acquired in the takeover. Thwaites also has a hotels division, which is called Shire Hotels. Lancaster Bomber is now brewed by Marston's, as is Wainwright, the other top-selling Thwaites beer.
The brewery invested heavily in pasteurised keg beers, especially those powered by nitro in the 1990s. However, it is now working to increase the market for its cask beers.In December 2011, Thwaites unveiled a new craft brewery in December named "Crafty Dan".
Born in 1777, Daniel Thwaites first began brewing in Blackburn in 1807 when he joined the 'Eanam Brewery' in partnership with local businessmen, Edward Duckworth and William Clayton. At the age of 31, Daniel married Edward's daughter Betty, who later inherited her father's share of the company following his death in 1822. In 1824, the Brewery became the sole property of Thwaites when William Clayton sold his remaining share of the cony to Daniel.
The 19th century was one of growth and increasing prosperity for the brewery. By 1897 Thwaites had grown enough to become a Limited company, but the real expansion came after the First World War. In 1923, Thwaites bought the James Pickup Wines & Spirits Company and then Henry Shaw & Co, which owned the New Brewery in Salford. In 1925, Thwaites began bottling its beers and in 1927, the company bought the Fountain Free Brewery. In 1946 and 1956 respectively, the brewery purchased the Bury Brewing Company and the Preston Brewery Company and in 1966, the Eanam Brewery was extended and renamed Daniel Thwaites "The Star Brewery".
During the 1960s Thwaites public houses were in abundance across the town and Daniel Thwaites' ales had become popular throughout East Lancashire. 1966 saw the opening of the new £ 5.5 million brewery followed in 1972 by a new £3m bottling plant, considered to be "the last word in bottling complexes".
In 1807, Thwaites started with ten public houses. Based at the Star Brewery in Blackburn, Thwaites now owns an estate of around 350 pubs as well as six four-star full service regional hotels and spas, which trade under the Shire Hotels banner. In addition, Thwaites supplies a full range of drinks to many independently owned pubs, clubs and restaurants in the North of England and a wide range of bottled beers to most major supermarkets.
The city of York, where the "White Horse" is located, is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It has almost 200,000 residents and offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster, the city’s cathedral, is the most prominent.
York was founded in AD 71, when the Ninth Legion conquered the Brigantes and constructed a wooden military fortress on flat ground above the River Ouse close to its confluence with the River Foss. The fortress, which was later rebuilt in stone, covered an area of 20 ha (50 acres) and was inhabited by 6,000 soldiers. The site of the Roman fortress lies under the foundations of York Minster, and excavations in the Minster's undercroft have revealed some of the original walls.
In the post-Roman era York declined. However it was taken and settled by the Angles in the 5th century. At the beginning of the 7th century King Edwin of Northumbria made York his chief city. In 627 the first minster church in stone was built in York on behalf of Edwin, but as Edwin was killed in 633, the task of completing the stone minster fell to his successor Oswald.
Through its location on the River Ouse and its proximity to the Great North Road the York became a major trading centre in medieval times. King John granted the city's first charter in 1212, confirming trading rights in England and Europe. During the course of the later Middle Ages York became a major cloth manufacturing and trading centre. Edward I further stimulated the city's economy by using the city as a base for his war in Scotland. In 1381 the city was the location of significant unrest during the so-called Peasants' Revolt.
During Tudor times York underwent a period of economic decline. Under Henry VIII, the Dissolution of the Monasteries saw the end of the York's many monastic houses. This led to the Pilgrimage of Grace, an uprising of northern Catholics in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire who were opposed to religious reform. Guy Fawkes, who was born and educated in York, was a member of a group of Roman Catholic restorationists that planned the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. Its aim was to displace Protestant rule by blowing up the Houses of Parliament while King James I, the entire Protestant, and even most of the Catholic aristocracy and nobility were inside. However the plan failed and Guy Fawkes was executed just one year later.
In the following centuries, York lost its pre-eminent position as a trading centre, because of the competition from the nearby cities of Leeds and Hull, together with silting of the River Ouse. Nevertheless, the city's role as the social and cultural centre for wealthy northerners was on the rise.
The introduction of the railways in 1839 also established engineering in the city, but with the emergence of tourism as a major industry, the historic core of York became one of the city's major assets. In 1968 York’s historic centre was designated a conservation area. The existing tourist attractions were supplemented by the establishment of the National Railway Museum in 1975 and the Jorvik Viking Centre in 1984. The opening of the University of York in 1963 also added to the prosperity of the city. In June 2007 York was voted as European Tourism City of the Year by European Cities Marketing, beating 130 other European cities to gain first place. Of course the city hasn’t lost its charm and attractiveness since then.