Al-Fatiha الحمد لله رب العالمين الرحمن الرحيم مالك يوم الدين

Al-Fatiha

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This article is about Sura al-fatiha. For other uses, see Al-Fatiha (disambiguation).

Quraysh

{{{Name_of_Surah}}}

Classification Makkan

Meaning of the name The Opening

Other names Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book)

Umm al-Qur'an (Mother of the Qur'an)

The Key

Surah al-Hamd (The Praise)

Time of revelation Early years of prophethood

Statistics

Sura number 1 106

Number of verses 7

Juz' number 1

Hizb number 1

Number of Rukus 1

Number of Sajdahs None

Harf-e-Mukatta'at No

Number of Ayats on particular subjects Praise of God: 3

Relation between Creator and creatures: 1

Prayer of the humankind: 3

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Sura Al-Fatiha (Arabic: سورة الفاتحة‎, Sūratu al-Fātihah, "The Opening") is the first chapter of the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an. Its seven verses are a prayer for God's guidance and stress the lordship and mercy of God. This chapter has a special role in daily prayers, being recited at the start of each unit of prayer.

 

Contents

1 Interpretation of the Meaning of Sura Al-Fatiha

2 Notes

3 Revelation

4 Alternate names

5 Statistics

6 Translations, interpretations and commentaries on Surah Al-Fatiha

7 See also

8 External links

 

 

 

Interpretation of the Meaning of Sura Al-Fatiha

Muslims believe that the Qur'an is a revelation from God in the Arabic language. Translations into other languages are considered by many to be merely superficial "interpretations" of the meanings and not authentic versions of the Qur'an. Although some Qur'an alone and liberal Muslims use translations as part of their daily prayers, they are used mainly for personal spiritual use by non-Arabic speakers.

 

The Arabic text with transliteration and translation in English is as follows: [Qur'an 1:1].

 

1:1 بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيم

 

Bismillāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:

1:2 الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِين

 

Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-'ālamīn

All Praise is due to God, Lord of the Universe.

1:3 الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيم

 

Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm

The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

1:4 مَـالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّين

 

Māliki yawmi d-dīn

Sovereign of the Day of Judgment.

1:5 إِيَّاك نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين

 

Iyyāka na'budu wa iyyāka nasta'īn

You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help

1:6 اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ

 

Ihdinā ṣ-ṣirāṭ al mustaqīm

Guide us to the straight path;

1:7 صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّين

 

Ṣirāṭ al-laḏīna an'amta 'alayhim ġayril maġḍūbi 'alayhim walāḍ ḍāllīn

The path of those on whom You have bestowed your grace, not of those who have earned Your anger, nor of those who go astray.

When recited during daily prayers, some schools of thought follow Al-Fatihah by the word Amin.

 

 

 

The first verse, transliterated as "bismillāhir rahmānir rahīm", may be familiar to non-Arabic speakers and non-Muslims because of its ubiquity in Arabic and Muslim societies. This verse appears at the start of every chapter in the Qur'an with the exception of the ninth chapter. The verse is normally said before reciting a chapter or part of a chapter during daily prayer, and also before public proclamations and indeed before many personal and everyday activities in many Arabic and Muslim societies as a way to invoke God's blessing and proclaim one's motives before an undertaking.

 

The two words "ar rahmān" and "ar rahīm" are often translated in English as "the beneficent" and "the merciful" or "the generous" and "the merciful." They are often also translated as superlatives, for example, "the most generous" and "the most merciful". Grammatically the two words "rahmaan" and "raheem" are different linguistic forms of the triconsonantal root R-H-M, connoting "mercy". (For more information, see the section on root forms in Semitic languages). The form "rahmaan" denotes degree or extent, i.e., "most merciful," while "raheem" denotes time permanence, i.e., "ever merciful".

 

The reading of the first word of the fourth verse, translated as "master/king" above, has been the subject of debate. The two main recitations, of the Qur'an, Warsh and Hafs, differ on whether it should be "maliki" with a short "a," which means "king" (Warsh, from Nafi'; Ibn Kathir; Ibn Amir; Abu 'Amr; Hamza), or "māliki" with a long "a," which means "master" or "owner" (Hafs, from Asim, and al-Kisa'i). Both "maliki" and "māliki" derive from the same triconsonantal root in Arabic, M-L-K. Both readings are considered valid by many practitioners, since both can be seen as describing God.

 

In some Muslim societies, Al-Fatiha is traditionally read together by a couple to seal their engagement, however this act is not recorded in the sunnah and is seen by many to be an innovation.

 

 

Revelation

Islamic scholarly tradition is concerned, amongst other things, with when and where verses and chapters of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad - for example, whether a verse was revealed while Muhammad was in Mecca or Medina. According to Ibn Abbas and others, Sura Al-Fatiha is a Meccan surah; according to Abu Hurayrah and others, it is a Madinan surah. The former view is more widely accepted, although some believe that it was revealed in both Mecca and Medina.

 

 

Alternate names

This surah is sometimes known in English as "the Exordium". In various Hadith it is described as "the mother of the Book" (Umm al-Kitab) and "the mother of the Qur'an" (Umm al-Qur'an), and "the cure of diseases" ("Sura-tul-shifa") and said to be the seven verses alluded to in Al-Hijr [Qur'an 15:87].

 

 

Statistics

This sura contains 7 verses, 29 words and 139 letters (or 25 and 120, not counting the first verse), although Ibn Kathir says "The scholars say that Al-Fatiha consists of 25 words, and that it contains 113 letters." It falls in the first hizb, and hence the first juz', which are sections of the Qur'an.

 

Al-Fatiha

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Il titolo di questa voce non è corretto per via delle caratteristiche del software MediaWiki. Il titolo corretto è al-Fātiḥa.

La Fatiha arabo: الفاتحة , 'al-fātiḥa' costituisce la prima Sura del Corano (al-Fātiḥa vuol dire infatti "la Aprente").

 

Secondo i musulmani essa racchiude l'essenza dell'intero Libro Sacro dell'Islam ed è spesso usata come preghiera (specie nella salāt) e come formula rituale per sottolineare la pietas islamica di chi la recita.

 

In particolari cerimonie, in particolare la stipula di contratti che comportano l'assunzione di diritti e doveri (ad esempio, il matrimonio, che nell'islam non è altro che un contratto), la recitazione della Fatiha costituisce il momento essenziale.

 

Indice

1 Testo

2 Contenuto

3 Bibliografia

4 Note

5 Voci correlate

 

 

 

Testo

Il suo testo è il seguente:

 

1. Nel nome di Allah, il Clemente il Misericordioso

 

2. Lode ad Allah il Signore dei mondi

 

3. Il Clemente, il Misericordioso

 

4. Signore del Giorno del Giudizio

 

5. Te noi adoriamo ed a Te ci rivolgiamo per aiuto

 

6. Mostraci la retta via

 

7. La via di coloro cui hai concesso la Tua grazia, di coloro che non suscitano la Tua ira e che non vagano nell'errore. Amen

 

 

La traslitterazione in caratteri latini del testo arabo della Fātiha è la seguente:

 

1. Bi-smi llāhi al-Rahmāni al-Rahīm

 

2. Al-hamdu li-llāhi Rabbi l-ˁālamīn

 

3. Al-Rahmāni al-rahīm

 

4. Maliki yawmi al-dīn

 

5. Iyya-Ka naˁbudu wa iyya-Ka nastaˁīn

 

6. Ihdi-nā al-Sirāta al-Mustaqīm

 

7. Sirāta alladhīna anˁamta ˁalay-him ghayra al-maghdūbi ˁalay-him wa lā al-dāllīn. Amīn

 

 

Contenuto

Questa sura è per molti versi "anomala" rispetto a tutte le altre che compongono il Corano, e questa sua condizione particolare è evidenziata già dal solo fatto di essere posta al principio del Libro, nonostante la sua brevità (le altre sure, infatti, sono collocate in ordine di grandezza decrescente, con le più lunghe al principio e le più brevi alla fine).

 

La maggiore diversità rispetto alle altre sure sta nel fatto che, mentre le altre sono espressione della parola di Dio, e quindi Dio è in prima persona e si rivolge a Maometto, usando di solito la terza persona per gli altri uomini (spesso con una formula introduttiva: "di' (loro): ..."), la Fatiha si presenta con l'aspetto di una preghiera rivolta a Dio dagli uomini (in questo senso, è stata da molti avvicinata al Padre Nostro dei cristiani, in quanto preghiera fornita ai fedeli dalla stessa divinità)[1].

 

Da osservare che la formula iniziale "Nel nome di Iddio, il Clemente il Misericordioso", la cosiddetta basmala, presente all'inizio di tutte le sure (ad eccezione della IX), viene qui considerata un versetto a pieno titolo, e computata quindi nel numero totale dei versetti, contrariamente a quanto avviene in tutte la altre sure, in cui la basmala è un incipit che sta "al di fuori" dei versetti veri e propri.

 

Riguardo al contenuto, molti punti hanno suscitato perplessità nell'interpretazione, in particolar modo l'identificazione di coloro cui si fa riferimento quando si parla di quelli che "suscitano la Tua ira" e quelli che "vagano nell'errore". Le interpretazioni tradizionali vogliono che nei primi siano adombrati gli ebrei e nei secondi i cristiani[2].

 

Un'ultima osservazione interessante riguarda il Sirāt al-Mustaqīm cui si fa cenno in questa sura. L'interpretazione più immediata è quella di "la via diritta", con evidente significato spirituale, ma questo elemento è ben presto stato interpretato, in chiave escatologica, come qualcosa di reale, una sorta di immenso ponte, arcuato e sottile come il filo di una spada, che i defunti dovranno attraversare per giungere al paradiso. I beati non troveranno difficoltà nell'impresa (per essi sarà una vera e propria "strada"), mentre i malvagi non riusciranno ad attraversarlo e precipiteranno nell'inferno[3].

 

 

Bibliografia

H. Winkler, "Fatiha und Vaterunser", Zeitschrift für Semitistik und verwandte Gebiete Bd. 6 (1928) 238-246

Hasan al-Banna, Tafsir Fatihat al-Kitab, Tunis, matba'a al-shahsi, 1396h/1976

B.H. Stricker, "Sirāt al-Mustaqīm", in A la croisée des études libyco-berbères. Mélanges offerts à Paulette et Lionel Galand, Paris, Geuthner, 1993, pp. 419-428

 

 

^ Si veda, tra gli altri, Winkler 1928

^ Si veda al-Banna 1976: 46 "al-maghdūb ˁalay-him hum al-yahud (...) al-dāllūn hum al-nasara"

^ Sull'evoluzione di questa concezione, v. Stricker 1993.

 

Voci correlate

Pilastri dell'Islam

sharī‘a

 

سورة الفاتحة

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة

 

سورة الفاتحة هي أول سورة في القرآن الكريم، و حسب العقيدة الإسلامية لا تصح صلاة المسلم بدونها، إذ أن قراءتها ركن من أركان الصلاة. وقد سمى نبي الله محمد (صلى الله عليه و سلم) هذه السورة بـأم الكتاب وأم القرآن في عدة أحاديث. ولا تصح الصلاة دون قراءتها.

 

محتويات

1 نبذة عن سورة الفاتحة

2 سورة الفاتحة والصلاة

3 نص سورة الفاتحة (بالكامل)

4 أحاديث في فضل سورة الفاتحة

5 وصلات خارجية اِسلامية

 

 

 

[عدل] نبذة عن سورة الفاتحة

 

فاتحة الكتابسورة الفاتحة هي سورة مكية يبلغ عدد أياتها 7 آيات. وقد سميت هذه السورة بالفاتحة لانها تفتتح القرآن أي أنها أول سورة فيه. ولسورة الفاتحة كما ذكر السيوطي في كتابه "الاتقان في علون القرآن" أكثر من عشرين أسم، وهذا يدل على شرفها لان كثرة الأسماء تدل على شرف المسمى. ومن أسمائها: أم الكتاب والشافية والوافية والكافية والحمد والسبع المثاني وغيرها الكثير .

 

عن أبي هريرة قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (أم القرآن هي السبع المثاني والقرآن العظيم) .

 

وسورة الفاتحة تشمل جميع معاني القرآن الكريم ومقاصده فهي كمقدمة للقرآن ككل. فقد تحدثت عن العقيدة، والعبادة والاعتقاد باليوم الآخر والإيمان بالله عز وجل وصفاته، وأفردت الله عز وجل بالعبادة والدعاء وطلب الهداية إلى الطريق المستقيم.

 

و يؤمن المسلمون أن سورة الفاتحة تعلمهم كيفية التعامل مع الله فأولها ثناء على الله (الحمد لله رب العالمين) وآخرها دعاء لله بالهداية (إهدنا الصراط المستقيم).

 

 

[] سورة الفاتحة والصلاة

من أهمية سورة الفاتحة انه لا تصح أي صلاة بدونها فعن عائشة قالت: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: (كل صلاة لم يُقرأ فيها بفاتحة الكتاب فهو خداج) أي أن كل صلاة من دونها غير كاملة. ويمكن للمصلي أن يكتفي بقراءة الفاتحة فقط في كل ركعة وهي أقل مقدار مسموح به.

 

[نص اقتباس][[عنوان وصلة[[عنوان وصلة'نص مائل'نص مائل== ملف:نص عنوان رئيسي

 

ملف:اسم الصورة

تعليق==']]]]

وقد أخبر النبي محمد أن سورة الفاتحة المقروءة في الصلاة مقسمة بين العبد وربه، كلما ذكر العبد منها آية رد الله عليه... ففي الحديث عن أبي هريرة قال:

 

«سمعت رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يقول: قال الله: (قسمت الصلاة بيني وبين عبدي نصفين ولعبدي ما سأل، فإذا قال العبد: الحمد لله رب العالمين، قال الله: حمدني عبدي، وإذا قال: الرحمن الرحيم، قال الله: أثنى علي عبدي، وإذا قال: مالك يوم الدين، قال: مجدني عبدي، فإذا قال: إياك نعبد وإياك نستعين، قال: هذا بيني وبين عبدي ولعبدي ما سأل، فإذا قال: اهدنا الصراط المستقيم، صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم، غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين، قال: هذا لعبدي ولعبدي ما سأل). »

 

[] نص سورة الفاتحة (بالكامل)

{{{ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ (1) الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (2) الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ (3) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ (4) إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ (5) اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ (6) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ (7) }}}

 

عنوان وصلة== للاستماع للسوره == esnips.com/doc/a4c93432-b02a-48ff-b65b-1b142aff360c/ال

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